maung muwue kham 17
TRANSCRIPT
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1 vdwfvGD;v,f trkJif(17)T h e G o l d e n G o n g armif;rGL;cH
vdwfvGD;v,f trkJif(17)aeif. 1375-Am.? 'JOfoD.vm(2013)
The Golden Gong
pGKd;cGKdtGOfigacgif;aqmifwef jzm;wefpifzgatmifcrf;xD
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2/ pGKd;cGKdukd toJiftaxvuPmrOfaygaygufvGOfaem0f
wpGKd;cGKdvGKrf; tcGifta&oGKrfxH'g-
vdwfrJhig( )ukd
ytkd0f;vlrsKd;wkdUonf oD;jcm;vlrsKd;jzpfaMumif;
&efukef owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJ-
vdwfrJhig(3)
vdkvrf;udkuavG atm0fcrf;vif(eJifiefcsm)om;wmwJh
eef;cDc&mvdkawm0f;? azyJpfazwHawm0f;EJkif;rJkifrJkif-
vdwfrJhig(6)ukd
crf;om;rGdK;zmoD;,HaoAm
]] pdGK;cdGKtcGifta&,dk tkHvDvDvmvm wpufwpkJifxlae;awGmh
vaem0f xDzdkawm0f; trsKdvJharG;awm0f;?
jzGrf;0ifuGDae;awGmh vvGOf- xDAm'smEkJif;aem0f----}}
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vdwfrJhig(11)
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2 vdwfvGD;v,f trkJif(17)T h e G o l d e n G o n g armif;rGL;cHwJrf;awm; ]rGKef;}? ]]xkrf.}}aem0f>
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apGmef.}}? ]]wGrf.}}aem0f>wJrf;awm; ]]
awmrf.}}? ]]vdwf}}aem0f> wJrf;awm;
]]avuf}}- uwJrf;uxGif.'g.EkJif;,kdzkH.
aem0f> wGrf.wtGOf.a&>awm0f; t
rsm>tGOf.axGmhcsufaem0f>yD0if> ,GKrf;
erf;wJif wGrf.uxD.zGDxD.ay.trsm>
aem0f>yD0if>oGL/ xm>rm>wAm.,kd
trsm>ygawm0f;awGmh> utD.atmif.
rsif.aem0f> xD.zkdawm0f;? eDerf;vJh
trsm>arm.rOf.w'k d U >az.awm0f;
aem0f> atm0f.wvsm;tukd? atm0f.
arm.aem0f> vsm;vGKdvJOf;0if>wJif
a[m0ftGOf.owd>ig.oGL/ vkd>,kdrOf.
vGL;vGtrm.eaem0f> ytkd0f.zkH. rJhtD.
uGif? em;tD.uGifqkJif>oGwf>wpGKd;cGKd>
vGKrf;qkwf,kwfaEGmif>aem0f>oGL/
yk*K dvf.uaum;wJrf;xGif.az.'g.
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aum;upGJ;yif. xGm;xdef>om;vJhaem0f>
ytkd0f.vdwfvkJif>pGpf>vDwm. A[kd.
oH.Cm.pGKd>vJhaem0f> xGm'sm. yk*Kdvf.'g.
vdwf? yk*Kdvf.xm>xD.vkJif;zkH.uOf;tm
tm a0G>oD;aAG.zkH.aem0f> cGKrfoJOf>'sm.]
avGmif.Al.xGmtm.} aig0f;aem0f>oGL/
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aoGmh orJif>kd.ao.aoGmhtrsm>? vkd>
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0if>aem0f> vkd.az.ao>awm0f;trGD.ukJif
aem0f>oGL/
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oGL/
t,f'Dwmtmabmf
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vkd>rsKd>tavGmuf>zkH.e0f> w,f.xGif.
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cdef.wGrf. wJrf;rkJifyGKH.zkH.e0f> AGKdefyDvG
w0f; 0if>vdwfuayg.(uwJ.xGif.)p
e0f> w,f. 'sm.bDpD (2000)&yfukdum.
e0f> oGL/
urm.avmif; vdwfvkJif>uxif.
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xm>aoA[kokwvGKdif.uGKdef>vGOf? vkd>
oD;zkH. wkd>wufvGOfaem0f>oGL/
vdwf,dkaem0f> y&rwfarG;awm0f;
ynwf'sm.wJif vdwf,kd rJOf.vkdUvkdU
y&rwfarG;awm0f; ynwf'sm
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crf;wGKdif>oD;tvdwfvJh rJOf.vkdU awm0f;aeae? uGJ;um; 0if>$zrf;0if>?
0if>ae;trsm>qE? 0if>tGOf.a&> trsm>o abmf>wl.csufwJif a0G>oD;vkd>rsKd>twGuf
uatm0f.xGLvJOf;'g.vdwfaem0f> 0if> a0G.zef.awm0f;trJOf.trm.? a0G>oD;vdwf
az.uwOf.az.uwkd>wufaem0f> tGOf0if>xl.wm.0Gef.wGL.w&efa&mifwJif
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tGOf.a&>Am. a0G>oD;awGmh>? urm.avmif; trsm>jcm ajyifwoGKdefwef.wl.rk>atm0f.
atm0f. tkHwJifaEGmif>aem0f>oGL/
ytkd0f.vkd>rsKd>vJh urm.avmif; ajyifwoGKdefwef.wl.rk>atm0f.atm0f. az.
ae;utkHwJifaEGmif> tif;a&.EkJif;aem0f>wJif aAG.q&m.awm. b'Eu0dom&
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ay.Am.awm0f;aem0f>oGL/
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ayg.vGOf'g.aeif. 1312-Am.? 1329-Am.? 1339-Am.? 1350-Am.? 1372-
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ukJifjyif>Am.awm0f;aem0f>oGL/
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yk*Kdvf.A[kokwtmzkH.'sm. a0G>oD;aAG.zkH.aem0f> a0G.zef.awm0f; ytkd0f.vdwftrm.
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avGmif.Al.rk>tm.&Jif> wvmarG;ig.aem0f>oGL/
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vdwfvGD;v,f. trkJif(17)
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yGKd;tausmif>trsKd>rsKd>wJif armif;rGL;cH>
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aoem.pG>cGif>az.aoGmhtausmif>
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3 vdwfvGD;v,f trkJif(17)T h e G o l d e n G o n g armif;rGL;cH
c&pfESpf-2014?rwfvukefydkif;wGif
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2014-Amaeif
w,frwfvm(30)A {NyDvm(11)eD
tDwGrfxlavG oef;acgifpm&ifoGL/
crf;om;rGdK;zmoD;zHkaem0f
wGrfxlpm&ifom; rOfvGOf&D
aGmifaig0f;&Daem0f
ajzazcsm pGHKpGHKvifvif rJOfrJOf
aoGmh/
uvvGOftcsuftvsuf,d kaem0f
tD oGHKysKavG eJifiefawmuwJrf;
xGdKU'g vdkrka&? pDyGga&? zef;jz,f
a&udpwm cstDrl0g'zHk azmxeftD
xmrm terf;tNcHKzHk udpEJkif;,dkwm
'smoGL/
utDoGifaomhAm oef;acgifpm&if
ukdom;zHkaem0f
2014-Amaeif? rwfvm
(29)eD rGL;uGdKUemtcdefwGif vkdutHk
atm0faomh'g reff;crf;e,fedrdwfudk
yk*dKvfzHk/
2014-Amaeif? rwfvm
(29)eD rGL;uGdKUemvJOf;vJOf;r uoD
rm;xdk yk*dKvfzHk/
crf;vif(eJifiefcsm)udk
uavGtHk'g vkdref;crf;(oHHk;) 0Gef
xHzHkwGrf vdkref;crf; uavGatm0f
0ifcrf;udkom;zHk- yk*dKvfpm;,dkzHk
aem0f oGifAmoef;acgifpm&ifudkoGL/
oGifAmawm0f;oef;acgifpm&if
yk*dKvfzHkaem0f
aAGmifaomhGKrf (oHHk;
aumifppf0efHk;) ref;crf;udkwJif u
atm0fcGKrfpH'g xmrm vdkcrf;vif
om;wGrf a0GoD;ydkvDpGdKzHk/
-
7 vdwfvGD;v,f trkJif(17)T h e G o l d e n G o n g armif;rGL;cH
wurmvGKrfuatm0f'g vdk
oD;zkHaem0f vdkwjzmt*Fg&yf uxGm
'g plcifrJhem; pwJifzkHaem0f atm0f
pGKHvif AdGKefAdGKefyDyD'smvdkY0ifdkvJh
uGyfydGK;a,efiJrk "avhxGKHpH uGmvdkY
0ifwJif pdGK;cdGKvdkrsKd crf;xDeJifiH
aygxGmvGOfAmaem0foGL/
tHaEGmif edpufwJif vdkrsKdtavGmuf
zkHaem0f &JumuG,ftD pdGK;cdGKt
&m,fwm pdGK;cdGKrGefAefwaoGmif;
a&wm? zGJUAlvGAm tpdGKtAlaem0f
oGL/ ytdk0fvdkrsKdaem0f atm0fAmzdk
'sm wGrfcrf;wGrfxDdkvJh ou&mZf
(419)Amaeifaem0f ytdk0fcrf;oxGKH
NyKJifjyifwJif ou&mZf (424)Amaem0f
ztpdGK (9)pdGKawGmh xkrfxDvdGKif
[Ha[m0f NcKJif;avGcifvrf;tkHaem0f
oGL/
c&pfou&mZf (1886)Am? vmZef
e0g&D (1)eDaem0f t*FvdyfoD; odrfxl
xdk ref;crf;wcrf;wJif vdkref;crf; xG-
mxdkAm t*FvdyfoD;oGOf;dkvJh ref;cdGK
&ufyk*dKvfzkHaem0f cHaEGmifawm0f;
pufrIvufrI 0efBuD;aem0foGL/
ref;trsKd;om;acgif;aqmifwef
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; uxdGKifwdGKufcsm
arG;*syefaem0fvJh Adkvf[defarmif? jzm;
weferf;Mo? [defosifaiG-up'g
ytdk0ftmZmenfzkH tGOf0ifwdGKufc
a&mifaz *syefaem0foGL/
ajzm0fcrf;ya'o&mZfzkHaem0f
uDGauyfarG;ig tcGOfawm? aAGmif
xmawm ,mvHazifzif? ayhcrf;
om;rJhem;zkHwJif cHaEGmifawm0f;'GKrf
ya'o&mZf awufEsedpuf tHaEGmif
rkwHzkHawGmh c&pf (1929)Amaem0f
jzm;wefaumifc,f? ausmifwd,kH tGOf
uwlawmvefavG ya'o&mZf
aem0foGL/
jzm;wefaumifc,f tGOfuwl
uxifkJifwodGK; ]]ww&mawm0f;
tcGOf awmvefa&}}wJif ya'
]]ytdk0fpdGK;cdGKtpdGKcsKyf}} ]]ytdk0f; aw
mifoltrsKd;om;tzGJUcsKyfBuD;}} aem-
0foGL/
1947-Am crf;aumifytdk0f uzGJU
Al'g oDviwfygpdGKaem0f NcJUvkJif;
zGJUAlavG,if; 'kp&Jufxdkrm;a&tpdGK?
crf;'Grfytdk0fvJh NcJUvkJif;zGJUAlavG,if;
]]ytdk0f;vli,ftpnf;tkH;}} wJif pdGK;cdGK
twGuf vkJifwGrfouf plcifiDiD
taztxlatm0fatm0f? avGmif
avGmifAlAl xlwm0Gef tGOf0ifwGL
w&efavGpdGK;cdGKa&aem0foGL/
ytdk0fu,def;wGLw&ef wdGKufjyif
ya'o&mZfpepfvJh ya'o&mZftaAG
zkHaem0f ,def;edpufpufxJif;ytdk0f
oGLumawm0f;? atm0fvJ hryf
ryftdk0f 'kHwGrfarzkHwJif crf;aumif
ytdk0f'kp&Jufxdkrm;a&tpdGK wGrf
crf;'Grfytdk0f ]]ytdk0f;vli,ftpnf;
tkH;}}aygif0ifzGJUAlavG,if; ]]
ytdk0favGmifAltpdGK}} eJifiHa&
tv tkHOya'wazGgifudkwdGKuf
avGaem0foGL/ tpdGKtGOfuwlom;
OD;jzL? OD;zdk;cif? OD;crf;cdkif-oD;zkH
aem0f xGmytdk0feJifiHa&acgif;
aqmifzkHaem0foGL/
1948-Am ref;crf;uxifvxGL
vGwfvyfa&aem0f uarmZaumif
a&Gavmif; uatm0f'g ya'o&mZf
[HaAGzkHaem0f tusifvDtusif
,zkH,dk tGOfukJifawm0f; oGLwum
awm0f; atm0frJOfcGKrfoJOfavG acwf
womya'o&mZfpepf? atm0fatGmh
ryfryfxJif;tuwlwJif 1949-Am?
'DZifbmvmaem0f ydkwkH? Adkvf[def
armif? jzm;wef aumifc,f-pwJif
tmZmenfacgif;aqmifwefoD; cG-
Krf oJOfvufeufwJif ae;wGrftrOf
ytdk0fvGpfxefa&tpdGK(ytvz)wJif
wGLw&efavGAm pdGK;cdGKta&aem0f
oGL/
1947-Am uzGJUAl'g ytdk0f
avGmifAltpdGKaem0f tpdGKEdGKUuOf;
tmtm ygaomhxdk'sm ytdk0fvGpfxef
a&tpdGK(ytvz)udkwJif ytdk0f
avGmifAltpdGK tmyeJxdkayxdk
Amaem0foGL/ Adkvf[defarmif? trwf
atmifom? em[def- oD;up'g
yk*dKvf,if[efzkHaem0f 1950-Am
atm0f(ytvz)tpdGKudk AJhxefcsm
,if;terf;zkHawGmh oJifrmnD,if;
ytdk0favGmifAlxmrmzkHaem0foGL/
1950-Am? Mo*kwfvm (2)eDaem0f
ytdk0favGmifAl tpdGKrOf,dk tGOfukJif
xGLwJif trOfwom zef[JhavG
crf;aygifAl ytdk0fpdGK;cdGKtpdGK (ytrz)
aem0foGL/
crf;aygifAl ytdk0fpdGK;cdGKtpdGKcsKyf
(ytrz) xmrmtrkaqmifpdGKaem0f
tcGifta&aem0f
xl'grv
Am
]] pdGK;cdGKtcGifta&,dk tkHvDvDvmvm wpufwpkJifxlae;awGmh
vaem0f xDzdkawm0f; trsKdvJh arG;awm0f;? jzGrf;0ifuGDae;awGmh
vvGOf- xDAm'smEkJif;aem0f----}}
pdGK;cdGKvdkrsKd crf;xDeJifiH uxif
aygrmvGOf,dkaem0f vdka[m0ferf;
wm vdka[m0faAmh tpdGK;cdGKwmom;
zkHaem0f a0Gerf;wm a0GpdGK;cdGKvdk
rsKdwm cifvrf;tkH azuvkJif;w
jcifaem0f atm0fNcJUvkJif;vGOf cif
vrf;tkH([He,fwMuuf)zkH? NcJUvkJif;
dkdk rOfvawm0f;aem0f ae;ae;
tEdGKif(0doravmb)awGmh ae;wGrf
vdktm&Jif Pftm&Jif plcGKrftm
&JifwpdGK;pdGK;wJif awufEstHaEGmif
w&drfEdGKifaq 0if[H,m rmqmtH
aEGmif 0ifvdkrsKd? vdka[m0ferf;wm
vdka[m0faAmhtpdGK;cdGKwm vdk xm
xDtJOfom;zkHaem0fcGKrfoJOfwGrf
wGef;oGHa&if(aumif;wGif;)Oya'wJif
aEGmif&mtH nH;&mcH Oya'vGpf
(Oya'rJh)rmxmrmzkHawGmh uom
,m cGidrf'g uwa&ig vdkavmu
,dk waAmhwrGpfvGOfAmaem0foGL/
azucHAmrdGKef; 0ifawufEs
t*FvdyfwHwJif ref;wGrfref;crf;udk
uatm0f'g crf;&ifom;zkHaem0f
tGOf0ifawmvefcsm t*Fvdyftudk
ytdk0fcrf;'Grf ydkcHwGrf r&rf;acsmif;
q&mawm crf;aumifzJhaem0f cGeftdk;
oDoJifoD;zkHaem0f 'gxifvJyfvsif
ausmxifosmarG;ig tmZmenf
yk*dKvfzkHaem0foGL/
c&pf (1930)Am? rwfvm (30)
eD ref;vdkrsKd w,faxmifavG
'dkYArmtpnf;tkH;wJif ytdk0fvdkrsKd
OD;cGefodef;armif? OD;cGefbaqG? OD;cGef
omcdkif-oD;zkHaem0f cHxlae;trOf
ocifwJif EdGKUkJifwodGK;nD 'dkYArm
tpnf;tkH;udkaem0foGL/
c&pf (1942)Amaem0f *syefoD;
odrfxdk,if; ref;crf;oGL/ *syefoD;
aem0f odrfvvJOf;ref;crf;dkvJh ae;
wGrfe,fy&d,m,fatm0fatm0f
awGmh zGJU,dkUavGaz ref;crf;tpdk&wJif
ytdk0f vdkrsKdjzm;AGmOD;vSazaem0f
xGmavG ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifh
o&mZfoD; vawm0f;'GKrftcGOfawGmh
aueyfawm0f; jzm;wef aumifc,f
dkvJh bkefuHwlawm0f; jzm;wef
aumifc,fawGmh aEGmifawm0f; jzm;
wef aumifc,f&m&maem0f 1946-
Am ya'o&mZfoD; vJhavGytdk0f'kH
a[G;[Grf;-pwJifzkHaem0foGL/ ytdk0fzkH
xifcHAm 0ifvJh'kHaqmifwGrfar
wJif ytdk0f&[efoHCm? crf;om;
vlxktrsm cHaEGmifawm0f;'GKrfwJif
crf;aumifytdk0f q&mwumaygif
0if zGJUAlavG oDviwfygtpdGK?
crf;'GrfoxGKHc&JifqJif&m zGJUAlavG
cGefynmAkwf- vG,faumif
-
8 vdwfvGD;v,f trkJif(17)T h e G o l d e n G o n g armif;rGL;cHtrsmuR K du f trsmvd G Ku fwJi f
varG; pGOf trsmaxmufcHrkoGL/
awmifuDc&Jif? vG,fvJrfc&Jifudk
utDEdGKUvdGKufa&G'g ygvDreftrwfzkH
aem0f ae;wGrfte,frJOfrJOf w
&mwsm;sm; rOfEdGKUac;NyJifavGe0f
tDwaEGmifvawm0f; (ytrz)
trwfavmifzkHwJif (ytrz) trwf
avmifzkH ytdk0ftmZmenfvdk xif
psL vdkpGef,HzkH uxGm'g Adkvf[def
armif? [defusef? trwfatmifom?
[defaygif;pifxGef-oD;zk Haem0f
1954- Amudk cHavGAm 0ifusHw
ukJifrmoDwlawhavGaem0foGL/
ytdk0fvdkrsKdzkHaem0f 0ifu,def;
awufEstHaEGmifvJh b0u,def;
qmqmwJif ,def;cJOfavGmifAl tm
&Jif,def;wvmvmvdGKxJif;aem0fr
tmPmtaAGwAm uatm0f'gpludk
om;wGrf ya'o&mZftmPmAm;
om;pdGKaygif0if ae;wGrfeJifiHa&
Pfa[GawGmh ytdk0fazuyvD0if
wm 1956-Am zGJUAlwomavGaz
]]jynfaxmifpkytdk0f; pnf;vkH;nDnGwf
a&;tzGJUcsKyf (ytrp)}}wJif ytdk0fudk
(ytrz)pdGK (ytrp)pdGK xGmvGOfcef;
EkJif;aem0fawGmh ytdk0fudk toJift
axvuPm xGmvGOfAmaem0foGL/
ytdk0fvJifyoGLeDacg0fvJh xmeef;
xmirf;ytdk0favmif;vdkYawm0f; xm
wau;oGwfaom0fawm0f;? ytdk0f
,dk aygtvdkwefatm0f aeaem0f
eD&mZyvifpGLvawm0f; xDEkJif;
aem0fawGmh ya'o&mZftmPm
aAGzkH tHpmawm; ytdk0fpkNcdKif; pk
vdk pk&GOftDwdGKufcsm eJifiHawm
yomaxhowifrm eJifiHawmxs
wJif eDytdk0fvdkwefzkH cHAm0ifqGrf
aomhaxmif rif;jcH rdwdvmudkzkH
aem0foGL/ eD,dk aygusifoGKHpGLpGLaAmh
wzlwvD;vGKrfaem0f eDacgif;aqmif
vdkY'g dkEkJif;aem0fawGmh 1958-Am
aem0f ajymifeJifiHa& wzl&JOft
aecsplcGKrf a0ifawmifuDudkaem0f
oGL/
1962-Am AdkvfcsKyfae0if; odrf
tmPmwJif rmavGjynfolydkifw,f
axmifavG wygwDpepf? qdk&S,fvpf
pepfawGmh ref;crf;udk uatm0f'g
ygwDum;uatm0fzkHaem0f tGOfqdGK;
avGAmwJif crf;aygifAlytdk0fpdGK;
cdGKtpdGKcsKyf(ytrz)vJh ygaomhxdk
cef;'sm ttGOfqdGK;pm&ifudkaem0foGL/
ref;crf; uatm0fusifoGKHavG
'g qdk&S,fvpfpepf wygwDpepfaem0f
crf;om;trsm uRKdufepfoufawm0f;
'GKrfwJif 1988-Amaem0f xGmvGOfcef;
xmosKwfxmwa&if (88) ta&;t
cif;wJif pJhxlodrfxdkcef;'smtm
Pmaem0foGL/ pJhxifxlodrfxGL
tmPmaem0f crf;om;trsmu
uRKdufurJOfv urJOfxGm'g ygwDpGKrf
(ygwDpkH)pepfaem0f tDazgavGaz
terf;tNcKH tDrmavGaz vdGKufa&G
yG,f azae;uEdGKUvdGKufa&GaEGmif
aem0f w,faxmifvGaoGmh ygwD
(azcef;w,faxmifygwDcGif)wJif
1990-Am.? rwfvm(7)eDaem0f
trsmyJifvrf;wGKdufukd/ ytdk0fvdkrsKd
taevJh ae;wGrf trOfvD(ytrz)
wJif zGJUAlcdGKefcsm,if; ytdk0fygwDoGL/
ytdk0fwcrf;vGKrf; oabmfwl oJpfu
zGJUAlavG(ytrz)vJh ytdk0f,if[efzkH
zGJUEkJif;EkJif; ytdk0fwdkwufvdGKifudGKefa&
(ytdk0fzG HYNzdK;wdk;wufa&;)ygwDwJif
ytdk0fudktoJiftax aygavGAm
aem0foGL/
(1990)Am (ytrz)tpdGK EdGKU
aEGmifcef;vdGKufa&GyG,fwJif aEGmifv
a0ife,foGHNzKHaem0foGL/
eJifiHawmpJhtpdk&aem0f xl
odrfxGLtmPmvJh zGJUAloGL;pGOf eJif
iHawmcGidrfatm0fpGLrkw,fqdkY
a&tpdGK(e0w)wJif aunmzpf[Jh
avGygcef; ref;crf;udk vufeufcGKrf
om;tpdGKpGKrf ,HxlvGndrfcsHa& ,H
tGOfqdGK;vGtwdGKuftcEkJif;aem0fwJif
atm0fvJh kJifwodGK;waEGmifawm0f;
atm0fygwDrOfvGKrfaem0foGL/
w,f (1993)Am AwdGK (2007)
Am atm0ftrsKd;om;nDvm cHudk
uwJrf;xdGKUaz'g ref;crf;zGJUAlyGKH
taccHOya'aem0f (2008)Am pJh
tpdk& cHxlcrf;om;qEwJif (2008)
Amaeifudk tGOfwDavGaz zGJUAlyGKH
taccHOya'awGmh ausmnmoGKyf
avGyg rOfwdGK(2010)Amudk wcrf;
vGKrf; tDrmavGaz ygwDpGKrfvdGKuf
a&GyG,fEkJif;aem0fwJif ytdk0fvJh ,HEdGKU
ac;NyJifvdGKufa&GaEGmifaem0f (2010)
Am? rwfvm (24-25)eDaem0f a0if
awmifuD crf;xDXmecsKyfGKrfudk
rmavGyG,ftkHuGHaem0foGL/
atm0fwcrf;vGKrf;cRpf yG,ftkHuGH
udkaem0f ytdk0futDzGJU'gygwD,dk
pl aAmh uatm0fxGLvJOf;(ytrz)
trOfeJU plytdk0fpdGK;cdGKtpdGK (PNO) ygwDrOfeJY udkaem0f tvkJif;wAm
eDeDvGKrf;vGKrf; tkHuGH0ifoGKHoyfavG
trsKdrsKdtudk (ytrz)trOf,dkaem0f
w,f'smtdGK; (1950)Amudkum
oufweftaeaem0f qGmigvJOf;
uGJum;rOfxGm;,if; wzJhaem0f
ytrzacgif;aqmifzkHaem0f cHAm0if
qGKrf cHAm0ifrmoD qmw&wf
vrf;? GKrf0GefxHvJh atm0fxGLwJif
atm0fytrz rOfaygifavG(PNO) aem0ftqifajy? nDvmcHerf;wif
zkH oabmfvEkJif;e0fwJif 2010-
uzGJUAlwom'g tpdGKrOf,dk xlavG
ytdk0fpdGK;cdGKtpdGK (PNO)ygwD EkJif; aem0foGL/
2013-Amudk ytdk0f,if[efzkH
aem0f xDEkJif;rkJif ,lEkJif;rkJifvJh ao
xGawm0f; ygwDtrOfvDuatm0f
'g(ytrz)ygwD,dk rdGK;&ifzg&iftrOf
'sm vdkxloGKHcsm,if; dkEkJif;aem0f
wJif ytdk0fwpGKrfwpdGK(trsmyg
awm0f;)aem0f zGJUwomcdGKef,if; crf;
aygifAl ytdk0fpdGK;cdGKtpdGKcsKyf (ytrz)
ygwDwJif ,dkcgaem0f ytdk0fygwD
atm0feDAmaem0foGL/
vdkoD;,dkaem0f ADZed,mrtv
oJpfuvGL;pum vAdGKef0if tcGift
a&atm0f'sm&ifdkvJh obm0ed,mr
tv tcGifta&,dk aoxlawm0f;?
xlwJhw'gawm0f;? xlwJhwxl
awm0f;vdkaem0f wGrfuyufcdGKUxdk
tcGifta&yD0if? vdkrsKdtvaem0f
AdGKefyD'sm orOfwatm0fawm0f;
vdkrsKdavmif;? erf;aem0ftkHnDtkHaAmh
0ifvJh orOf wtkHnDtkHaAmhawm0f;
0ifaem0f xmavGmifAlrktm&Jif,dk
rkJifcgpGOfvJh wvaEGmifawm0f;?
vdk,dkrJhatm0feDyif em;atm0feDyifvJh
rOfxGm;'smwyifvGKrf rOfemwyif
vGKrf rOf,l'smtukJifzJhvGKrf rOf
,GKrf;'sm aig0f;wzJhvGKrf xif;weferf;
awGmh acGracG rOfazghajcm'sm tw
rmeaem0f eDerf;vJh tusKdatm0ftD
awm0f;? pdGK;cdGKtusKdvJh xGmtDawm0f;?
[efoeDytdk0fzkH uvdkrmigaem0f
uvxGLvJOf;[He,f,dk azuwOf
acGgif azuwdkwuf eDpdGK;cdGK eDbm
om eDomoem azt&ef;u,def;xdk
ryfryfaem0f wm0GeftaAG atm0f'if
eDajyifavmif;? pdGK;cdGKxGKHrDGwGrf a,ef
iJrk azuazhol0kJifxdkAmrdGKef;e0f
utDxdefodrfAm,dk xGm'smorJif
azwm0GefwJif eD,dk azuxGmAm
rdGKef; ytdk0forJifw&mcHaem0f ta&
wefigaem0foGL/ pdGK;cdGKtcGif ta&,dk
tkHvDvDvmvm wpufwpkJifxlae;
awGmh vaem0f xDzdkawm0f; trsKd
vJh arG;awm0f;? jzGrf;0ifuGDae;awGmh
vvGOf xDAm'smEkJif;aem0fvGKrfwJif
ytkd0fzkH a[m0f,lxGxG ,lpJif;pJif;
xGLwJif tqGKHtzswfazuwGrfrm
rGKdef;aem0f ta&wefigaem0foGL/
cGefynmAkwf
vG,faumif
ytkd0fzkH a[m0f,lxGxG ,lpJif;pJif;xGLwJif tqGKHtzswf
azuwGrfrmrGKdef;aem0f ta&wefigaem0foGL/
ref;crf;udk vufeufcGKrfom; (97%)
acgifaem0f xlvGidrfcsHa& tGOfqdGK;
avG twdGKuftcaem0foGL/ ytdk0f
pdGK;cdGKtpdGK(PNO)aem0f (1991)Am? rwfvmaem0f xlidrfcsHa& tGOfqdGK;
twdGKuftcaem0f wetvJif(6)
udkwJif trOfwGifwigcef; txla'
o(6)EkJif;aem0foGL/
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tpJOf.aem0f>oGL/
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ausmif>vG,faumif> a[mf>avG>az.yg
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eDem>a0Gae,so0g.? irf;ig.eDem>vkd>
oD;cif.umrm.aem0f>oGL/
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rk>aem0f> wGrf.cif.umwMuwf>aomh>xkd>
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oGL/
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erf;uGKH>yg.? avmua&>&m.uxGm'g. xdef>
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oef> o>csrf>om. atmif.rsif.xif.xkdaoGmh
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wcGKdif;,kdoGL/
pGef>xDaAG? wGKdufacg0fwGKdU>
yGKdif;vJif.atm0f.'sm.tyg,f.(4)yg>vGKrf>
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-
13 vdwfvGD;v,f trkJif(17)T h e G o l d e n G o n g armif;rGL;cH
ytkd0f.pGKd;cGKd>ygwD A[kd.aum.rwD.
pGKd> ygwGrf.a0if>e,f.? tGKdif.t&ef;aum.
rwD.pGKd>om;zkH.a[G; acGoGOf;,l.v>csm
,if; 2010- vGKdufaG>yG,f> (a&G;
aumufyGJ)ukd eDoGOf;oD;tkHt0f.a'.o
e0f> eDytkd0f.pGKd;cGKd>ygwD EGKdUNyJif.w0f;wJif
eDoGOf;oD;aomh>rJe0f> eDytkd0f.vkd>wefzkH.
xGOf.aomh>'sm.ygwDvifoGL/
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eDytkd0f.vkd>wefxm>xD.t0f.Ek Jif;rk Jif>
aoxG>w0f;wJif eDoGOf;oD;a'o vlxk
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uaomh>twGKdif> aEGmif>avG>pGOf.'sm.oGL/
eDoGOf;oD;uaomh>'sm.rJ awmif.
uD>a0if>e,f.e0f>-
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rkJif>a[mif;?
6/ awmif.uD>a0if>e,f.,kd eDytkd0f.
t0f.aomh> 65-&sm>EGKH>(&mckdifeKH;)yOfwJif
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ausmif> acGoGOf;awmif>jyef.'if.ys>e,f
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aum.rwD.pGKd>oGL/
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a0if>ausmufwvGKH>wef?
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cH>vdwfapmif. eDytkd0f.vdwfvkJif> az.
ae;uazhxkd>rm;rGKdef; ,HwOf.acGgifw
ao.tDtwm. uxef.vGOf'sm.armif;
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crf;ukd,kde0f> vkd>wGKdif>pGKrf.jzm>t0f.ao
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(PNA) -
() (PNA) - () () () () () () () () () ()
-
14 vdwfvGD;v,f trkJif(17)T h e G o l d e n G o n g armif;rGL;cH
yGKdif;vJif. uGyfpGOf. vdwfvkJif>? vdwf
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avmif;ukd txJhzGKd.oGwf>wGr.f twkd>
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tausmif> ]]rpwmuufqifyif}} uwJrf;
'g.(BuD;yGm;a&;)vdwfapmif.ukd a[mf>xGm;
aoxG>Am.aem0f>oGL/
vkd>rsKd>aem0f> eD*kd;([Jh>)uyvDvkd>
rsKd>'sm.? [ef.eD>urm.avmif;ukd uyvD
zkH.aem0f> wkd>wufxif.xkdrk>,kd vJOf;&D;
vJOf;0if>q>ig? tar.&duef.crf; cg;vm;
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ig.awm0f;kd>uDvJh uv>xGLvJOf; erf;yJif.
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ukd xif.xif.osm>osm> az.ae;utkHwJif
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zkH.um;uatm0f. usKd>pm>oGOfarG;arG;
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pD>yGg>a&>- cGKdif;,kdrm>ig eDytkd0f.vkd>rsKd>
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15 vdwfvGD;v,f trkJif(17)T h e G o l d e n G o n g armif;rGL;cH
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tpGdK> aem0f>oGL/
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