matter. iq2/10/14 in the kitchen, you will find 3 different forms of water. what are these 3 forms,...
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IQ 2/10/14
In the kitchen, you will find 3 different forms of water. What are these 3 forms, and where exactly would you find them?
What is matter?
Matter is defined as anything with mass that takes up space. This space is known as volume
Matter is made of atoms
Solid
Atoms are arranged in a highly structured manner.The particles in a solid:
Have a definite shape Have a definite volume. Has the lowest kinetic (moving) energy-move
slowlyAn ice cube is a solid
Liquid
Atoms are more free to move than solids,and therefore, have no definite shape. Liquids take the shape of their containers.
The particles in a liquid: Have no definite shape Have a definite volume.
Water is a liquid!!!
GasAtoms are very spread out. A gas will fill the container it is in.The particles in a gas:Has no definite volume Have no definite shape.Move by diffusion (spreading out)Have the highest kinetic energy-move quicklySteam is a gas!
Plasma
Plasma is a gas in which there are positively and negatively charged particles. Plasma only really exists in places with extremely high temperatures.
Most matter in the universe is found as plasma!!!
By adding energy (heat) to particles, the particles get excited and start to move.
If you remove energy (heat), the particles slow down
Cornstarch Lab1) Lay paper towels down on table top. 2) Mix your mixture using your popsicle stick.
3. When mixture is just right, it won't splash--it will feel solid. If it is too powdery, add a little more water. If it's too wet, add more cornstarch. ASK THE TEACHER FOR WHAT YOU NEED!
4. Play around with your mixture. Pick up a handful and squeeze it. •Rest your fingers on the surface of the mixture. Let them sink down to the bottom of the bowl. Then try to pull them out fast. What happens? •Take a blob and roll it between your hands to make a ball. Then stop rolling.
Page 13
1) What happens when you squeeze the mixture?
2) Describe the difference between squeezing the mixture and hitting the mixture.
3) Describe your experience with cornstarch and water in terms of states of matter.
4) What makes the cornstarch change from one state to another? Explain.
WHAT HAPPENED
When you squeeze a Cornstarch mixture, it feels like a solid because its molecules line up. But it looks like a liquid and acts like a liquid when no one is pressing on it because the molecules relax.
IQ 2/12/14pg 14
Name the phase changes that water must go through to go from ice cube, to liquid, to gas.
What must occur for this to happen?
Let’s think about a solid. Are those particles moving?
Yes!!! They are just vibrating back and forth. However, they are very confined.
Let’s think about the liquid. Those particles are moving too but they have more room to do so.
And the gas. They are free to move wherever they want!
PHASE CHANGESMeltingTo go from a solid to a liquid, we
add energy (heat)When the energy is added, the
solid heats up until it hits the melting point.
Ex. Ice cream left outsideButter in the microwave
Vaporization
To go from a liquid to a gas, we have to add energy.
When the heat is added, the liquid heats up until it hits the boiling point.
Ex. Heating water in tea kettleSteam in the shower
Condensation
To go from a gas to liquid, we have to remove energy.
Gas particles slow down, turning back to liquid
Ex. Morning dew Clouds Water on mirror after shower
A Liquid to a Solid (Freezing)
To go from a liquid to a solid , we remove energy (taking away heat)
When the energy is removed, the particles slow down until they hit the freezing point.
Ex. Putting water or veggies in the freezer.
Sublimation
When a solid skips the liquid state and turns directly into gaseous state.
Energy (heat) is added to the substance ex,. Dry ice
Deposition
Opposite of sublimation. Gas changes directly into a solid; energy(heat) is removed
Dry ice is solid, frozen carbon dioxide, which sublimates, or turn to gas, at -78.5 °C or -109.3°F.
Evaporation (liquid to gas)
Vaporization that occurs at a liquid’s surface, at a temperature below its boiling point
RAFT activity on phase changes
ROLE AUDIENCE FORMAT TOPIC
Student grass Friendly letter Condensation
Scientist A window Set of directions Sublimation
An ice truck operator
fire Poster Vaporization
An ice cube cloud Your choice (get approval)
Freezing/Melting
water Your choice (get approval)
Children’s book Exo/endothermic
IQ 2/18/14
Give 2 examples of materials that give off heat.
Give 2 examples of materials that take in heat.
Be ready to share
Endothermic
Endo: “inside or within” Therm: “heat” Materials that absorb heat during a reaction
Take in more energy than they give off, which leaves the surroundings cooler than the starting point.
Ex. melting ice cubes, conversion of frost to water vapor, photosynthesis
Exothermic
Exo: “outside or external”
Materials that give off heat during a reaction
Gives off more energy than they take in, leaving the surroundings warmer than the starting point.
Ex. fire, making ice cubes, rusting iron, driving a car
2 minutes with a partner, discuss 3 examples of both exothermic and endothermic examples in daily life
Think: house, kitchen, cooking, outside, environment,