matter. anything that has mass (grams) and occupies space (volume). volume: a measure of the size...
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Matter
Matter
Anything that has mass (grams) and occupies space (volume).
Volume: a measure of the size of a body or region in three dimensional space.Solid Volume (of a cube or rectangle):
Length x width x heightcm x cm x cm = cm3
Matter
Liquid volume is found by using a graduated cylinder
Gas volume is the same as the container it fills.
Matter
Mass – quantity of matter contained in an object.
Measured on a balance in grams, mg, etc.
WEIGHT is not mass! Weight is the gravitational force exerted on an object! It’s value can change from place to place. MASS is the same everywhere!
Matter
Physical property:A characteristic of a substance that
does NOT involve a chemical change
Examples:DensityColorHardnessMassVolume
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Density Mass and volume depend upon how
much substance you have. The relationship between these two properties is called DENSITY.
Density can be used to help identify a substance.
Matter
Formula for density:
Density = Mass = g or g
Volume mL cm3
Also written as:
D = m
V
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Classification:
All matter is made of atoms.
Atom: smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
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Two classifications:
1. Pure substances Can be an element (gold) or a compound
(water) Has definite physical and chemical
properties
2. Mixture A combination of two substances that are
NOT chemically combined (rocks and marbles)
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Element – a pure substance that contain only one kind of atomSilverCopper
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Some elements exist at moleculesMolecule – two or more atoms
combined in a definite ratio.Oxygen: O2
Ozone: O3
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The oxygen molecule and ozone molecule are allotropes
Allotrope: a structurally different form of an element
CarbonPencil LeadDiamonds
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CompoundComposed of two or more
atoms
Example: Magnesium Chloride
and Cobalt Chloride
Cobalt Chloride1 atom of Cobalt2 atoms of ChlorineCoCl2
Magnesium Chloride1 atom of Magnesium2 atoms of ChlorineMgCl2
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MixturesContain two or more pure substancesDoes not always have the same
balance of ingredients
Example: airContains oxygen, nitrogen,
etc.
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Mixtures: two types
1. Homogeneous: pure substances are mixed evenly throughout
2. Heterogeneous: contains substances that are not evenly mixed
Iron and Sulfur
Milk
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Distinguishing mixtures from compounds
Compounds:
1. Two or more elements chemically combined
2. Have a definite composition
3. Properties of a compound are different than the properties of the elements that make it up.
Mixtures:
1. Two or more substances physically mixed together2. Substances may be present in varying proportions3. Properties of the mixture reflect the properties of the substances it
contains.