Maths symbols

I_ Arithmetic symbolsII_ Plus and minusIII_ MultiplicationIV_ Symbols of LogicV_ Union and Intersection

1460

+ and – (addition and substraction) by Widmann

1544

ab for multiplication

1631

+ and – (signs) and a x b by Oughtred

1659

a*b for a x band a ÷ b by Rahn 1698

a.b for a x b and a:b for a ÷ b by Leibniz

Time line of mathematics symbols

Arithmetic symbols

By Eda Bayrak and Ezgi Koçal…

Arithmetic Symbols

Arithmetic is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple day-to-day counting to advanced science and business calculations.

Plus and minus

By Charlotte and Célia…

The plus and minus signs (+ and -)

are mathematical symbols used to represent the notions of positive and negative as well as the operations of addition and subtraction.

+ & -

History

Johannes Widmann Robert Recorde François Viete1540-1603

1460-1498

1510-1558

but also for negative and positive numbers.

-b+a=c

And from these dates, plus and minus are used for all additions and substractions

a-b=c

Multiplication

By Eda Bayrak and Ezgi Koçal…

Multiplication is the third

basic operation of arithmetic.

‘’ a × b or a • b or a * b ‘’ All of them are same meaning.

•Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)

William Oughtred (1574 –1660)

Johann Rahn (1622-1676)

History of Multiplication

Methods of multiplication were documented in the 

Egyptian, 

Greek, 

Indian  

Chinese

civilizations.

Symbols of Logic

By Münire Büyükgüllü, Sümeyye Nur Azman, Rita Barrocas…

-LOGIC-

Math's logic is considered the science of reasoning and demonstration. Logic is especially important in mathematics and philosophy, but it is also used on our daily routine without even noticing.

History of Logical Symbols

George Boole 1815-1864

A simple statement is one that does not contain any other statement as a part. We will use the lower-case letters, p, q, r, ..., as symbols for simple statements.

Simple statements : p ‘’p is true’’ assertion ~p ‘’p is false’’ negation

Ex.: p: Sun is a star ( T ) ~p: Sun isn’t a star ( F )

In conclusion two denies equals to an affirmation. Ex: ~(~p) = p .

A truth table is a complete list of the possible truth values of a statement.

A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, boolean functions, and propositional calculus.

.

Compounds and connectives :

Union and Intersection

By Begüm Sarıdede and Şeyma Edizarslan…

George Cantor 1845-1918

John Venn 1834-1923

VENN DIAGRAMS

UNIONThe union of two sets is the set of elements which are in either set.

For Example:

A=(1,2,3) and B=(3,4,5) AUB=(1,2,3,4,5)

Examples:{1, 2} ∪ {red, purple} ={1, 2, red, purple}

{1, 2, green} ∪ {red, purple, green} ={1, 2, red, purple, green}

{1, 2} ∪ {1, 2} = {1, 2}

INTERSECTION The intersection of two sets is the set of

elements which are in both sets.

For Example:

A=(1,2,3) and B=(3,4,5) A∩B=(3)

Examples:

{1, 2} ∩ {red, purple} = ∅{1, 2, green} ∩ {red, purple, green} = {green}

{1, 2} ∩ {1, 2} = {1, 2}

You can have more information about

Arithmetic Symbols in :• Plus and minus made by Charlotte Laurent and Célia Lopes-Bernier

• Multiplication and Arithmetics Symbols made by Eda Bayrak and Ezgi Koçal.

• Symbol of Logic made by Münire Büyükgüllü, Sümeyye Nur Azman, Rita Barrocas.

• Union and intersection by Begüm Sarıdede and Şeyma Edizarslan.