materials standards for pm self-lubricating bearings · 2020. 3. 9. · mpif standard 35-slb...

MPIF STANDARD 35-SLB2019 Edition

Materials Standards for

PM Self-LubricatingBearings

1

MPIF Standard 35-SLB

MaterialsStandards

for PMSelf-Lubricating

Bearings*

*See MPIF Standard 35-SP,Materials Standards for PMStructural Parts for structuralparts made by the powdermetallurgy (PM) process.

*See MPIF Standard 35-PF,Materials Standards for PF SteelParts for steel componentsmade by the powder forging (PF)process.

*See MPIF Standard 35-MIM,Materials Standards for MetalInjection Molded Parts forcomponents made by the metalinjection molding (MIM) process.

Table of Contents—2019 Edition

EXPLANATORY NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Minimum Value Concept ............................................................. 4 Grade Selection .......................................................................... 4 Nomenclature .............................................................................. 4 Chemical Composition ................................................................. 5 Microstructure............................................................................... 5 Oil Impregnation ........................................................................... 5 Surface-Connected Porosity ........................................................ 6 Oil Content by Volume, As Received ........................................... 6 Oil-Impregnation Efficiency ......................................................... .6 Density ......................................................................................... 6 Radial Crush Strength (K) ............................................................ 6 Surface Finish .............................................................................. 6 Storage ......................................................................................... 6 SI Units ......................................................................................... 6 Referenced MPIF Standards ........................................................ 6 Comparable Standards ................................................................ 6

DATA TABLES - INCH-POUND AND SI UNITS Bronze Bearings (Low, Medium, High Graphite) ......................... 7 Diffusion-Alloyed Iron-Bronze Bearings ....................................... 8 Diluted-Bronze Bearings .............................................................. 9 Iron and Iron-Carbon Bearings ................................................... 10 Iron-Copper Bearings ................................................................ 11 Iron-Copper-Carbon Bearings.................................................... 12 Iron-Graphite Bearings ............................................................... 13

ENGINEERING INFORMATION - INCH-POUND UNITS Typical Loads ............................................................................ 14 Press Fits (Interference Fits) ...................................................... 15 Running Clearances ................................................................... 15 Dimensional Tolerances Plain Cylindrical .......................................................................... 15 Flange ....................................................................................... 16 Thrust ......................................................................................... 16

ENGINEERING INFORMATION - SI UNITS Typical Loads ............................................................................. 17 Press Fits (Interference Fits) ...................................................... 18 Running Clearances ................................................................... 18 Dimensional Tolerances Plain Cylindrical .......................................................................... 18 Flange ........................................................................................ 19 Thrust ......................................................................................... 19

Index

Alphabetical Listing & Guide to Material Systems & Designation

Codes Used in MPIF Standard 35 ............................................. 20

SI Units Conversion Table

Quantities/Terms Used in MPIF Standards ............................... 24

2

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,

recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher

ISBN No. 978-1-943694-23-5

© 2019 Metal Powder Industries Federation 105 College Road East

Princeton, New Jersey 08540-6692 USA

All rights reserved Produced in the U.S.A.

3

MPIF Standard 35-SLB

Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings

Issued 1965

Revised 1974, 1976, 1986, 1990, 1998, 2010 and 2019

Scope

MPIF Standard 35 is issued to provide the design and materials engineer with the information necessary for specifying powder

metallurgy (PM) materials that have been developed by the PM parts manufacturing industry. This section of Standard 35 deals

with self-lubricating bearings and bushings made by the powder metallurgy process. A bearing may be defined as a machine part

in which another component such as a journal or rod turns or slides. A bushing is normally a removable cylinder used to control

the size of an opening or to resist abrasion or to serve as a guide. This section does not apply to materials for PM structural,

powder forged (PF) steel or metal injection molded (MIM) parts or products which are covered in separate sections of MPIF

Standard 35. The same materials may appear in more than one section depending upon their common use, e.g., some bearing

materials may also be used in structural applications and vice versa. Each section of this standard is divided into subsections

based on the various types of PM materials in com mon commercial use within that section. Notes at the beginning of each

subsection discuss the characteristics of that material. Users of this standard should make a determination as to the availability of

any referenced material. The use of any MPIF Standard is entirely voluntary. MPIF Standards are issued and adopted in the public interest. They are designed to eliminate misunderstandings between the manufacturer and the purchaser and to assist the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the proper material for a particular product. Existence of MPIF Standards does not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of MPIF from manufacturing or selling products that use materials or testing procedures not included in MPIF Standards. Other such materials may be commercially available.

By publication of these Standards, no position is taken with respect to the validity of any patent rights nor does the MPIF undertake to insure anyone utilizing the Standards against liability for infringement of any Letters Patent or accept any such liability.

Neither MPIF nor any of its members assumes or accepts any liability resulting from use or non-use of any MPIF Standard. In addition, MPIF disclaims any liability or responsibility for the compliance of any product with any standard, the achievement of any minimum or typical values by any supplier, or for the results of any testing or other procedure undertaken in accordance with any Standard.

MPIF Standards are subject to periodic review and may be revised. Users are cautioned to refer to the latest edition. New, approved materials and property data may be posted periodically on the MPIF website. Between published editions, go to mpif.org to access data that will appear in the next printed edition of this standard.

Both the purchaser and the manufacturer should, in order to avoid possible misconceptions or misunderstandings,

agree on the following conditions prior to the manufacture of a PM part: minimum strength value, grade selection,

chemical composition and alloying method, proof testing, typical property values and processes, that may affect the

part application.

.

Published by

Metal Powder Industries Federation 105 College Road East

Princeton, New Jersey 08540-6692 U.S.A. Tel: (609) 452-7700

Fax: (609) 987-8523

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: mpif.org

No part of this publication may be repro-duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

® Copyright 2019 ISBN No. 978-1943694-23-5

http://www.mpif.org/

http://www.mpif.org/

4

Minimum Value Concept

The Metal Powder Industries Federation has adopted the concept of minimum values of properties for PM materials. These values such as oil content and radial crush strength may be used in designing for a PM bearing application. Composition, density, and in some cases, radial crush strength, also have maximum values listed. It is seen as an advantage of the process that equivalent properties can be developed by varying chemical composition, particle configuration, density and/or processing techniques.

The minimum value is the value that will be statistically exceeded by all bearings in a production lot as defined by the producer and the purchaser. The producer and the purchaser should agree on the sampling plan.

The purchaser should select and specify the combination of PM material and properties most suitable for a specific application. The data provided define values for listed materials and display minimum properties. Other improvements in performance characteristics may be attained through more complex processing. To select a material optimum in both properties and cost-effectiveness, it is essential that the application be discussed with the PM producer.

Utilization of MPIF Standard 35-SLB to specify a PM bearing means that unless the purchaser and producer have agreed otherwise, the material will have at least the minimum value specified in the Standard. (See PM Bearing Materials Properties).

Grade Selection

Before a particular grade of material can be selected, a careful analysis is required of the design of the bearing and its end use, including dimensional tolerances. In addition, the final property requirements of the finished bearing should be considered, e.g., density, porosity, compressive strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, oil content, oil type, surface finish and any other requirements pertinent to the application. It is recommended that all of the above aspects be subjects of discussion between the producer and the purchaser prior to final grade selection.

In addition to the bearing materials standardized herein, there are other proprietary materials available for specific applications.

(See Powder Metallurgy Design Manual published by the Metal Powder Industries Federation for design recommendations and other information pertinent to the proper use of PM self-lubricating bearings.)

Nomenclature

The four digits following the prefix letter code refer to

the composition of the material.

In nonferrous materials, the first two numbers in the four-digit series designate the percentage of the major alloying constituent. The last two numbers of the four-digit series designate the percentage of the minor alloying constituent. The percentages of other minor elements excluded from the code are represented in the "Chemical Composition" that appears with each standard material.

Illustration of PM nonferrous material designation coding:

PM Bronze with Graphite % Major alloying element, Tin

Basic element, Copper Radial Crush Strength, % Minor element, Graphite K X 103 psi

In ferrous materials, the major alloying elements (except combined carbon) are included in the prefix letter code. Other elements are excluded from the code but are represented in the "Chemical Composition" that appears with each standard material. The first two digits of the four-digit code indicate the percentage of the major alloying constituent present.

Combined carbon content in ferrous materials is designated by the last two numbers in the four-digit series. The ranges of carbon that are metallurgically combined are indicated in the coding systems below:

Carbon Ranges

0.0% - 0.3%

0.3% - 0.6%

0.6% - 0.9%

Code Designation

00

05

08

Carbon Ranges tor

Iron-Graphite Bearings

0.0% - 0.5%

0.5% - 1.0%

Code Designation

03

08

Illustration of PM ferrous material designation coding: PM Iron Graphite

% Minor element, Graphite

Basic element, Iron Radial Crush Strength % Combined Carbon K X 103 psi

The two-digit suffix represents the minimum K strength, expressed in 103 psi, that the user can expect from the PM material possessing that chemical compo-sition. The letter K indicates a bearing grade material.

MPIF Standard 35-SLB—2019

Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings

Explanatory Notes and Definitions

5

Examples of PM Material Designation Coding

Material

Complete Code for Nominal Material, Composition Composition by and Minimum

Percent K x 103 psi

PM Bronze Cu-90, Sn-10 CT-1000-K26

PM Graphited

Bronze Cu-86, Sn-10, G-4 CTG-1004-K10 PM Iron All Fe F-0000-K23 PM Iron-Copper Fe-90, Cu-10 FC-1000-K40 PM Iron-Graphite Fe-97.25

Graphite 2.5

Comb. Carbon 0.25 FG-0303-K10 PM Diluted Bronze Fe-60, Cu-36, Sn-4 FCTG-3604-K16

Prefix Letter Code

A Aluminum FS Iron Silicon C Copper FX Copper-Infiltrated CT Bronze Iron or Steel CNZ Nickel-Silver FY Iron Phosphorus CZ Brass G Free Graphite F Iron M Manganese FC Iron-Copper or Copper Steel N Nickel FD Diffusion-Alloyed Iron or Steel P Lead FDCT Diffusion-Alloyed Iron-Bronze S Silicon FF Soft-Magnetic Iron SS Stainless Steel FL Prealloyed Ferrous material (prealloyed)

except Stainless Steel T Tin FLD Diffusion-Alloyed Steel U Sulfur (prealloyed base) Y Phosphorus FN Iron-Nickel or Nickel Steel Z Zinc

Chemical Composition

The chemical composition of each material lists requirements for the principal elements by minimum and maximum mass percentage. "Other Elements" includes the total other elements by difference and is reported as a maximum percentage. These may include other minor elements added for specific purposes and the normal amount of extraneous constituents found in the individual ingredients.

The chemical composition specification for PM self-lubricating bearings describes the material in the as-sintered condition. An as-sintered part can be checked for chemical composition with no interference as long as the sampling procedure does not adversely affect results. In some instances, impregnants, whether for sizing or lubrication purposes, may be partially removed using Soxhlet extraction (ASTM B963).

Parts that have been sized, tumbled, machined or impregnated may be contaminated with carbonaceous materials that must be removed prior to carbon determination. There is no known way to remove such interfering materials completely; thus, an accurate carbon content should be measured on an as-sintered part. Combined carbon in iron can be measured by metallographic estimate of the area fraction of pearlite: 100% pearlite is equivalent to approximately 0.8% carbon.

Microstructure

The examination of the microstructure of a PM bearing can serve as a diagnostic tool and reveal the degree of sintering and other metallurgical information critical to the powder metallurgy process. Several observations common to most sintered materials are briefly described below.

In selecting a section of a PM part for microstructural analysis, an interior plane parallel to the pressing direction is preferred for mounting and polishing. Coarse and fine polishing should be continued until all of the pores are opened to view and the area fraction of porosity represents the density of the part. For example, an 80% dense bearing should show approximately 20% of its area as pores.

Low density materials such as those designed for self lubrication should be impregnated with mounting resin during preparation of the specimen for microstructural examination. This will help prevent distortion of the voids during machining or polishing. Sintered bearings are always first examined in the unetched condition. In an average sinter there will be very few or no original particle boundaries seen at 200X. Bearings should have their oil removed by Soxhlet extraction so that it will not interfere with microscopic examination. Examination of the unetched inside diameter surfaces should show surface porosity.

In 90-10 copper-tin bronze bearings, the structure should be alpha bronze with no tin-rich phases at 200–400X magnification. In iron-copper bearings, the copper should have melted and flowed into the surrounding small pores. With 5% to 10% copper, the copper will be visible as melted regions. With 2% copper or less, free copper is generally not present. Bearings should show a minimum of original particle boundaries. The microstructure of "diluted" bronze combines the appearances of iron and bronze structures.

Iron-graphite material should exhibit either free graphite in its microstructure or a free graphite/com-bined carbon mixture, depending upon manufacturing process. To preserve graphite for metallographic examination, rough grind on 400 and 600 grit SiC paper, then polish for 2–6 minutes with moderate pressure, 250 rpm lap, one micrometre grit diamond on a short-napped cloth. Oil Impregnation

The controlled, surface-connected interconnected pore structure in low density PM parts or bearings permits their impregnation with lubricating oil. This provides self-lubricating properties. When friction heats the part, the oil expands and flows to the bearing surface. In operation, the oil is "pumped" from the bearing as the shaft rotates. On cooling, the oil returns into the metal's pores by capillary action. Conventional PM bearings can absorb from 10 to 30% by volume of oil. Impregnation is achieved by vacuum techniques or by soaking the parts in heated oil. Properly manufactured

MPIF Standard 35-SLB — 2019 Edition

6

PM bearings will have the open pores 90% filled with oil (minimum). Packaging and atmospheric conditions may affect oil retention over time. If “dry-to-touch” bearings are specified, the oil content must meet the specification requirement after any procedure to remove surface oil. For further details, see the Engineering Information Section of this standard.

Surface-Connected Porosity

Porosity is the percentage of void volume in a bearing. It is the complement of density. A bearing that is 85% of pore-free density will have 15% porosity. Porosity in bearings is present as a network of interconnected pores that extend to the surface, like a sponge. Surface-connected interconnected porosity is important to the performance of self-lubricating bearings and is part of the specification for those types of materials.

It shall be determined in accordance with MPIF Standard 57.

(See MPIF Standard 57 for additional details.)

Oil Content by Volume, As Received As-received oil content represents the volume percent

of oil that fills the porosity of the as-received bearing. It shall be determined in accordance with MPIF

Standard 57. (See MPIF Standard 57 for additional details.)

Oil-Impregnation Efficiency The impregnation efficiency is defined as the % of

open porosity filled with oil, determined in accordance with MPIF Standard 57.


Density Density is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter

(g/cm3). Sintered density (dry) is the mass per unit volume of an unimpregnated PM bearing. Oil-impregnated density (wet) is the mass per unit volume of a PM bearing impregnated with oil or other non-metallic materials. Typically, density of structural components is reported on an unimpregnated basis and density of bearings on a fully-impregnated basis.

It shall be determined in accordance with MPIF Standards 42 and 57.

(See MPIF Standards 42 and 57 for additional details.)

Radial Crush Strength (K) The radial crush strength is the relative capacity of a

plain sleeve specimen of sintered metal to resist fracture induced by a load applied between flat parallel plates in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the specimen.

The radial crush strength, ("K"), of a bearing shall be determined in accordance with MPIF Standard 55.


Surface Finish

A very smooth finish may be desirable where surface finish affects the function of a bearing. However, due to the porous nature of PM parts, normal cone stylus

measurements with tracer type instruments will not measure the true finish of the surface. This is because the surface-connected porosity is deeper than surface irregularities in the metal.

The purchaser and producer should agree on a surface finish specification and method of measurement without ignoring the effect of the surface finish of the mating shaft.

Storage

Oil-impregnated bearings shall be stored in nonabsorbent containers to prevent oil loss. They should also be protected from dirt and dust.

The use of chlorinated solvents to remove oil or to clean bearing surfaces prior to oil-impregnation is not recommended. Solvent residuals tend to form a weak acid that can cause shaft wear.


SI Units

Data were determined in inch-pound units and con-verted to SI units in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10. Referenced MPIF Standards The test method standards referenced in this document are published by MPIF and are available in the latest edition of Standard Test Methods for Metal Powders and Powder Metallurgy Products. Std. 42 Density of Compacted or Sintered

Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products

Std. 55 Radial Crush Strength (K) of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials

Std. 57 Oil Content, Surface-Connected Porosity and Oil-Impregnation Efficiency of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products

Std. 58 Surface Finish of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products

Comparable Standards

Standards for powder metallurgy self-lubricating bearings have been issued by both ASTM and ISO. The ASTM standards use similar compositions and density ranges as this MPIF standard. The ISO standard provides information on bearing materials using unimpregnated (dry) density specifications.

ASTM B438

ASTM B439

ISO 5755

Standard Specification for Bronze-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)

Standard Specification for Iron-Base Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings (Oil-Impregnated)

Sintered Metal Materials-Specifications Tables 1 & 2: Materials for bearings

MPIF Standard 35-SLB — 2019 Edition

7

(A) These data are based on material in the finished condition.

(B) Oil-impregnated. Assumes an oil density of 0.875 g/cm3.

(E) At maximum graphite (5%) and density (6.6 g/cm3), this material will contain only a trace of oil. At 3% graphite and 6.2-6.6 g/cm3 density, it will contain 8% min. oil content.

(F) Minimum oil content will decrease with increasing density. Those shownare valid at the upper-limit of the density given.

(H) For an oil content of 27% min., density range will be 5.8-6.2 g/cm3, K will be 15,000 psi min. (105 MPa).

(I) For an oil content of 25% min., density range will be 5.8-6.2 g/cm3, K will be 13,000 psi min. (90 MPa).

(J) At 3% graphite, it will contain 14% min. oil content.

Bronze Bearings Low-graphite bearing material contains 10% tin and up to 0.3% graphite. The bronze provides corrosion resistance. At 6.4 g/cm3

density, this material is adequate to ensure some ductility and also resist shock loading. The material can be staked. Bearings of this material are used in fractional horsepower motors, business machines, farm implements, hardware, machine tools, etc. At higher density (6.8 g/cm3), the material is even more ductile and will support higher loads. At the higher density the bearings hold less oil and the material is used in lower speed applications. Because of their strength, such materials are often used as a combination structural part and bearing. A medium-graphite bearing material contains graphite in amounts of 0.5 to 1.8%. These bearings will operate under heavy loads and high speeds and under moderately abrasive conditions. Bronze bearings containing more than 3% graphite run very quietly. They tend to require less field lubrication and operate at somewhat higher temperatures. They are often used in oscillatory or intermittent modes.

Material

Material Designation

Code

Chemical Composition Requirements, %

MINIMUM VALUES (A) Impregnated

Density, (A) (B) g/cm3

Radial Crush Strength, K

Oil Content (F)

Element Min. Max. 103 psi MPa Volume % Min. Max. Copper Bal. Bal.

CT-1000-K19 Tin 9.5 10.5 19 130 24 (H) 6.0 6.4 Graphite 0 0.3 Iron 0 1.0

Bronze

Other 0 1.0

Copper Bal. Bal. (Low CT-1000-K26 Tin 9.5 10.5 26 180 19 6.4 6.8 Graphite) Graphite 0 0.3

Iron 0 1.0 Other 0 1.0

Copper Bal. Bal. CT-1000-K37 Tin 9.5 10.5 37 260 12 6.8 7.2

Graphite 0 0.3 Iron 0 1.0 Other 0 1.0

Copper Bal. Bal. CT-1000-K40 Tin 9.5 10.5 40 280 9 7.2 7.6

Graphite 0 0.3 Iron 0 1.0 Other 0 1.0

Copper Bal. Bal. CTG-1001-K17 Tin 9.5 10.5 17 120 22 (I) 6.0 6.4

Graphite 0.5 1.8 Iron 0 1.0 Other 0 1.0

Copper Bal. Bal. CTG-1001-K23 Tin 9.5 10.5 23 160 17 6.4 6.8

Graphite 0.5 1.8 Iron 0 1.0

Bronze

Other 0 1.0

Copper Bal. Bal. (Medium CTG-1001-K30 Tin 9.5 10.5 30 210 9 6.8 7.2 Graphite) Graphite 0.5 1.8

Iron 0 1.0 Other 0 1.0

Copper Bal. Bal. CTG-1001-K34 Tin 9.5 10.5 34 230 7 7.2 7.6


Copper Bal. Bal. Bronze CTG-1004-K10 Tin 9.2 10.2 10 70 11 (J) 5.8 6.2 (High Graphite 2.5 5.0 Graphite) Iron 0 1.0

Other 0 1.0

Copper Bal. Bal. CTG-1004-K15 Tin 9.2 10.2 15 100 (E) 6.2 6.6


PM Bearing Materials Properties — 2019 MPIF Standard 35-SLB

2019 Edition

Approved: 1986 Revised: 1998, 2010, 2019

8

Diffusion-Alloyed Iron-Bronze Bearings

The diffusion-alloyed iron-bronze compositions provide a bearing material with greater iron content than the

conventional premixed diluted-bronze bearings. Diffusion-alloyed iron-bronze bearings have lower raw material cost

and improved radial crush strength compared with the conventional premixed bronze (90-10) bearings.

Material


Code


Requirements, % (L)



Radial Crush

Strength, K Oil Content

Element Min. Max. 103 psi MPa Volume % Min. Max.

Iron Bal. Bal.

FDCT-1802-K22 Copper 17.0 19.0

Tin 1.5 2.5 22 150 24 5.6 6.0

Carbon 0 0.1

Diffusion-

Alloyed

Iron-Bronze

Other 0 1.0

FDCT-1802-K31

Iron

Copper

Bal.

17.0

Bal.

19.0

Tin 1.5 2.5 31 215 19 6.0 6.4

Carbon 0 0.1

Other 0 1.0

Iron Bal. Bal.

FDCT-1802-K39 Copper 17.0 19.0

Tin 1.5 2.5 39 270 13 6.4 6.8

Carbon 0 0.1

Other 0 1.0

(A) These data are based on material in the finished condition. (B) Oil-impregnated. Assumes an oil density of 0.875 g/cm3. (L) These compositions have no added graphite. 2019 Edition Approved: 2010-R


9

Diluted-Bronze Bearings

Bronze may be diluted with 40 to 60% iron to lower the raw material cost. These bearings usually contain 0.5 to 1.3% graphite for self-lubrication. The bearings are sintered so as to minimize the combined carbon content. They are used at light to medium loads and medium to high speed. They often replace bronze bearings in fractional horsepower motors and appliances. Exceeding the maximum combined carbon can result in noisy and hard bearings. “Total carbon” is defined as the sum of the metallurgically combined carbon (See Chemical Composition) plus the free graphite present.

Material


Code

Chemical Composition Requirements, %

Radial Crush Strength, K (A)

MINIMUM Impregnated Density, (A) (B)

g/cm3 Oil Content,

(A)

Element Min. Max.

103 psi MPa

Min. Max. Min. Max. Volume % Min. Max. Iron Bal. Bal. Copper 34.0 38.0

FCTG-3604-K16 Tin 3.5 4.5 16 36 110 250 22 5.6 6.0 Total Carbon (D) 0.5 1.3 Other 0 2.0 Iron Bal. Bal.

Diluted Copper 34.0 38.0 Bronze FCTG-3604-K22 Tin 3.5 4.5 22 50 150 340 17 6.0 6.4

Total Carbon (D) 0.5 1.3 Other 0 2.0

Copper Bal. Bal. Iron 36.0 40.0

CFTG-3806-K14 Tin 5.5 6.5 14 35 100 240 22 5.6 6.0 Total Carbon (D) 0.5 1.3 Other 0 2.0 Copper Bal. Bal. Iron 36.0 40.0

CFTG-3806-K22 Tin 5.5 6.5 22 50 150 340 17 6.0 6.4 Total Carbon (D) 0.5 1.3 Other 0 2.0



(D) Metallurgically combined carbon, 0.5% max.

2019 Edition

Approved: 1986 Revised: 1998, 2010


10

Iron and Iron-Carbon Bearings

Plain iron at a density of 5.6 to 6.0 g/cm3 can be used as a bearing material for medium loads. It is typically harder and stronger than the 90-10 bronze. Combining carbon with iron results in a steel bearing, stronger than pure iron with higher radial crushing force, greater wear resistance and higher compressive strength. Bearings having a combined carbon content greater than 0.3% may be heat treated for general improvement of mechanical properties.

Material


Code


Requirements, %



Radial Crush



Iron Bal. Bal.

F-0000-K15 Carbon 0 0.3 15 100 21 5.6 6.0 Copper 0 1.5

Iron Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.

F-0000-K23 Carbon 0 0.3 23 160 17 6.0 6.4 Copper 0 1.5 Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.

F-0005-K20 Carbon (D) 0.3 0.6 20 140 21 5.6 6.0 Copper 0 1.5

Iron-

Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.

Carbon F-0005-K28 Carbon (D) 0.3 0.6 28 190 17 6.0 6.4 Copper 0 1.5 Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.

F-0008-K20 Carbon (D) 0.6 0.9 20 140 21 5.6 6.0 Copper 0 1.5 Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.

F-0008-K32 Carbon (D) 0.6 0.9 32 220 17 6.0 6.4 Copper 0 1.5 Other 0 2.0



(D) Metallurgically combined carbon.

2019 Edition



11

Iron-Copper Bearings

Iron may be mixed with copper for improvement of sintered strength and hardness: copper additions of 2, 10 or 20% by mass are common. At 20% copper the bearing material is harder and stronger than 90-10 bronze and also has good shock loading ability. Materials of this class are often used in applications that require the unique combination of good structural properties and bearing characteristics.

Material


Code


Requirements, %



Radial Crush


Element Min. Max. 103 psi MPa Volume % Min. Max. Iron Bal. Bal.

FC-0200-K20 Copper 1.5 3.9 20 140 22 5.6 6.0 Carbon 0 0.3 Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.


Iron Bal. Bal.


Iron Bal. Bal.

Iron- FC-1000-K30 Copper 9.0 11.0 30 210 19 5.8 6.2 Copper Carbon 0 0.3

Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.


Iron Bal. Bal.


Iron Bal. Bal.


Iron Bal. Bal.




2019 Edition



12

Iron-Copper-Carbon Bearings

The addition of carbon in amounts of 0.3 to 0.9% greatly strengthens iron-copper material. In addition, these materials can also be hardened by heat treatment. They offer high wear resistance and high compressive strength.

Material


Code


Requirements, %



Radial Crush



Iron Bal. Bal.

Copper 1.5 3.9 FC-0205-K20 Carbon (D) 0.3 0.6 20 140 22 5.6 6.0 Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.


Iron Bal. Bal.


Iron Bal. Bal.

Iron- Copper 1.5 3.9 Copper- FC-0208-K40 Carbon (D) 0.6 0.9 40 280 17 6.0 6.4 Carbon Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.


Iron Bal. Bal.


Iron Bal. Bal.


Iron Bal. Bal.


(A) These data are based on material in the finished condition. (B) Oil-impregnated. Assumes an oil density of 0.875 g/cm3.

(D) Metallurgically combined carbon based on iron content.

2019 Edition Approved: 1986 Revised: 1990, 1998, 2010


ENGINEERING INFORMATION — Inch-Pound Units

13

Iron-Graphite Bearings

Iron may be mixed with graphite and sintered to a combined carbon content so that most of the graphite is available to aid lubrication. These materials have excellent damping characteristics and result in quiet running bearings. All may be impregnated with oil for self-lubrication. Exceeding the maximum combined carbon can result in noisy and hard bearings. “Total carbon” is defined as the sum of the metallurgically combined carbon (See Chemical Composition) plus the free graphite present (footnote items [C] and [D]).

Material


Code


Requirements, % Radial Crush Strength,

K (A)

MINIMUM Impregnated


Oil Content,

(A)

Element Min. Max.

103 psi MPa

Volume % Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Iron Bal. Bal.

Graphite

(C) 2.0 3.0

FG-0303-K10 Carbon (D) 0 0.5 10 25 70 170 18 5.6 6.0 Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.

Graphite

(C) 2.0 3.0

Iron- FG-0303-K12 Carbon (D) 0 0.5 12 35 80 240 12 6.0 6.4 Graphite Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.

Graphite

(C) 1.5 2.5

FG-0308-K16 Carbon (D) 0.5 1.0 16 45 110 310 18 5.6 6.0 Other 0 2.0

Iron Bal. Bal.

Graphite

(C) 1.5 2.5

FG-0308-K22 Carbon (D) 0.5 1.0 22 55 150 380 12 6.0 6.4 Other 0 2.0

(A) These data are based on material in the finished condition.(B) Oil-impregnated. Assumes an oil density of 0.875 g/cm3.(C) Graphitic carbon, also known as free graphite.(D) Metallurgically combined carbon.

2019 Edition Approved: 1986 Revised: 1990, 1998, 2010



14


Engineering Information for

PM Self-Lubricating Bearings(Inch-Pound Units)

The following engineering information has proven helpful in designing bearing and bushing systems. While values are generally valid, there can be exceptions in specific applications. The user is cautioned to consult the bearing producer with respect to the use of this information (Table 1).

Pounds force (P) in bearings is the load in pounds per square inch of projected bearing area. Velocity (V) is the shaft velocity in feet per minute. Oil-impregnated bearings with high PV limits can carry greater loads or operate at higher rotational speeds than those with low PV limits. The PV limit of a bearing is a function of both the bearing itself and of its environment. Four aspects of the environment that can reduce permissible PV limits are:

1. Those that interfere with generation of an oil filmbetween shaft and bearing. Examples are lowrotating speeds, stop/start operation, shaft surfacefinish too smooth or too rough, vibration, out-of-roundshafts, excessive clearances, insufficient lubricant, orpoor sizing practice.

2. Those that interfere with removal of frictional heat.

Examples are bearing housings with low thermal conductivity, lack of a nearby heat sink, or high ambient temperatures.

3. Those that tend to generate above-normal frictionalenergy losses in the bearing. An example of thiswould be use of a high viscosity lubricant.

4. Those that distribute the shaft load unevenly.Examples are misalignment, shaft flexure, or the useof bearings with high length to diameter ratios.

Bearings requiring longer service should be designed

to lower PV limits.

Steel bearings, e.g., iron bearings containing metallurgically combined carbon, can be heat treated to increase strength but the purchaser should understand that in such cases data with respect to press fits and tolerances may no longer apply.

In the case of a PM bearing rotating on a fixed shaft, inertial forces can cause oil to escape from the exposed bearing ends. Oil can be returned to the porosity reservoir by means of wicking, sometimes supple-mented by slinger rings.

TABLE 1. Typical Loads

Loading, psi

CT-1000

Shaft Velocity CT-1000 CTG-1001 F-0000 F-0005 FC-0200 FC-1000 FC-2000 FCTG-3604 FG-0303 FG-0308

ft/min (1) CTG-1004

Static 6,500 8,500 10,000 15,000 12,000 15,000 15,000 8,500 11,000 15,000

Slow and

Intermittent 3,200 4,000 3,600 3,600 3,600 5,000 5,000 4,000 3,600 3,600

25 to 50 2,000 2,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 2,500 2,500 2,000 1,800 1,800

Over 50 to 100 500 500 400 450 450 700 700 400 450 450

Over 100 to 150 325 365 235 300 300 400 400 300 300 300

Over 150 to 200 250 280 175 225 225 300 300 200 225 225

Over 200 to 500 P = 50,000

V

P = 50,000

V

P = 40,000

V

Over 200 P = 35,000

V

P = 50,000

V

P = 50,000

V

P = 50,000

V

P = 50,000

V

P = 50,000

V

P = 50,000

V

Over 500 to

1000

P = 60,000

V

Where: (1) CT-1000 at 5.8-6.2 g/cm3 densityP= load in pounds force per square inch of projected bearing area (length times inside diameter of bearing)V = shaft velocity in ft/min.

PM Bearing Materials — 2019 MPIF Standard 35-SLB


15


Press Fits (Interference Fits)

Plain cylindrical journal bearings are commonly installed by press fitting the bearing into a housing with an insertion arbor. For housings rigid enough to withstand the press fit without appreciable distortion and for bearings with wall thickness approximately one-eighth or more of the bearing outside diameter, the press fits shown in Table 2 are recommended. For example, a 0.500 inch diameter bearing would use a 0.497-0.499 inch diameter hole in the housing.

It is recommended that bearings be pressed into the housings using a mandrel to support the ID. For example, for a 0.750 inch ID bearing the mandrel should be approximately 0.0003 inch over the desired final dimension. The use of the mandrel is preferred to a final reaming operation, because the reaming may close the surface porosity.

TABLE 2: Recommended Press Fits

Outside Diameter, inch

Press Fit, inch

Min. Max.

Up to 0.760 0.001 0.003

0.761 to 1.510 0.0015 0.004 1.511 to 2.510 0.002 0.005 2.511 to 3.010 0.002 0.006 Over 3.010 0.002 0.007

Running Clearances

Proper running clearance for bearings depends to a great extent on the particular application. Only minimum recommended clearances for oil-impregnated bearings used with ground steel shafting are listed in Table 3. For example, a 0.500 inch diameter shaft should use a bronze bearing with at least a 0.5005 inch inside diameter.

TABLE 3: Running Clearances

Shaft Size, inch

Diametrical Clearance,

min. inch

Bronze Base Iron Base

Up to 0.250 0.0003 0.0006

0.251 to 0.760 0.0005 0.0008 0.761 to 1.510 0.0010 0.0013 1.511 to 2.510 0.0015 0.0018 > 2.510 0.0020 0.0023

Dimensional Tolerances For Plain Cylindrical

Bearings

The data in Table 4 are intended for bronze base bearings with a 4 to 1 maximum length to inside diameter ratio and a 24 to 1 maximum length to wall thickness ratio and for iron base bearings with a 3 to 1 maximum length

to inside diameter ratio and a 20 to 1 maximum length to wall thickness ratio. Bearings having greater ratios than these are not covered in the table.

TABLE 4. Recommended Tolerances

Inside Diameter

Total Diameter Tolerance, inch (1)


and Outside Inside/Outside Inside/Outside Diameter, inch Diameter Diameter

Up to 0.760 0.001 0.001

0.761 to 1.010 0.001 0.0015 1.011 to 1.510 0.0015 0.0015 1.511 to 2.010 0.0015 0.002 2.011 to 2.510 0.002 0.0025 2.511 to 3.010 0.0025 0.003 3.011 to 4.010 0.003 0.004 4.011 to 5.010 0.004 0.005 5.011 to 6.010 0.005 0.006

(1) Values are for bearings up to 2 inches in length. Forlengths greater than 2 inches, increase the diametertolerance 0.0005 inches per inch of added length.

Length, inch

Total Length Tolerance, inch


Up to 1.495 0.010 0.010

1.496 to 1.990 0.015 0.015 1.991 to 2.990 0.020 0.020 2.991 to 4.985 0.030 0.030

Outside Diameter, inch

Wall Thickness

max. inch

Concentricity Tolerance, inch

(Total Indicator

Reading) (2)(3)

Up to 1.000 Up to 0.255 0.003

1.001 to 1.510 Up to 0.355 0.003 1.511 to 2.010 Up to 0.505 0.004 2.011 to 3.010 Up to 0.760 0.005 3.011 to 4.010 Up to 1.010 0.005 4.011 to 5.010 Up to 1.510 0.006 5.011 to 6.010 Up to 2.010 0.007

(2) Concentricity tolerances apply regardless of thematerial.

(3) Values are for bearings up to 1 inch in length. Forlengths greater than 1 inch, increase the concen-tricity tolerance by 0.0005 inch per 1 inch of addedlength.



16


(4) Normally flange dimensions are not critical; therefore, they should be held only as close as required by theapplication. Class A tolerances may require additional operations.

(5) For flange bearings, the body tolerances (inside diameter, outside diameter, length and concentricity) are thesame as for plain cylindrical bearings.

Class A: Required additional operations, such as sizing, to achieve tolerances. Considered typical manufacturing procedure. Class B: Used in the as-sintered, unsized, oil-impregnated condition usually not requiring additional operations.

2019 Edition Approved: 1986 Revised: 1998, 2010

TABLE 4. Recommended Tolerances (Continued)

Flange Diameter Tolerance, inch (4) Flange Thickness Tolerance, inch

Flange Bearings:

Flange Diameter, inch (5)

Bronze Base Iron Base Bronze Base Iron Base

Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B

Up to 11/2 ± 0.0025 ± 0.005 ± 0.0025 ± 0.005 ± 0.0025 ± 0.005 ± 0.0025 ± 0.005

11/2 to 3 ± 0.005 ± 0.010 ± 0.005 ± 0.010 ± 0.007 ± 0.010 ± 0.007 ± 0.010 3 to 6 ± 0.010 ± 0.025 ± 0.010 ± 0.025 ± 0.010 ± 0.015 ± 0.010 ± 0.015

Thrust Washers:

Thickness, inch

Thickness Tolerance, inch (for

all diameters)


Class A Class B Class A Class B

Up to 1/4 ± 0.0025 ± 0.005 ± 0.0025 ± 0.005

Flange Bearings

and Thrust

Washers: Diameter, inch

Parallelism in Faces, max. inch Bronze Base Iron Base

Class A Class B Class A Class B Up to 11/2 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.005

11/2 to 3 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.007 3 to 6 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.010



17

ENGINEERING INFORMATION — SI Units

Engineering Information for

PM SeIf-Lubricating Bearings(SI Units)

The following engineering information has proven helpful in designing bearing and bushing systems. While values are generally valid, there can be exceptions in specific applications. The user is cautioned to consult the bearing producer with respect to the use of this information (Table 1).

The bearing load (P) is determined by the force (N) divided by the projected bearing area (mm2). Velocity (V) is shaft velocity in metres per minute. Oil-impregnated bearings with high PV limits can carrygreater loads or operate at higher rotational speeds thanthose with low PV limits. The PV limit of a bearing is afunction of both the bearing itself and of its environment.Four aspects of the environment that can reducepermissible PV limits are:

1. Those that interfere with generation of an oil filmbetween shaft and bearing. Examples are low rotatingspeeds, stop/start operation, shaft surface finish toosmooth or too rough, vibration, out-of-round shafts,excessive clearances, insufficient lubricant, or poorsizing practice.

2. Those that interfere with removal of frictional heat.

Examples are bearing housings with low thermal conductivity, lack of a nearby heat sink, or high ambient temperatures.

3. Those that tend to generate above-normal frictionalenergy losses in the bearing. An example of thiswould be use of a high viscosity lubricant.

4. Those that distribute the shaft load unevenly.Examples are misalignment, shaft flexure, or the useof bearings with high length to diameter ratios.

Bearings requiring longer service should be designed

to lower PV limits.

Steel bearings, e.g., iron bearings containing metallurgically combined carbon, can be heat treated to increase strength but the purchaser should understand that in such cases data with respect to press fits and tolerances may no longer apply.

In the case of a PM bearing rotating on a fixed shaft, inertial forces can cause oil to escape from the exposed bearing ends. Oil can be returned to the porosity reservoir by means of wicking, sometimes supple-mented by slinger rings.

TABLE 1. Typical Loads

Shaft Velocity

Loading, MPa

CT-1000

m/min CT-1000 CTG-1001 F-0000 F-0005 FC-0200 FC-1000 FC-2000 FCTG-3604 FG-0303 FG-0308

(1) CTG-1004

Static 45 60 69 105 84 105 105 60 77 105

Slow and

Intermittent 22 28 25 25 25 35 35 28 25 25 7 to 15 14 14 12 12 12 18 18 14 12 12

Over 15 to 30 3.5 3.5 2.8 3.1 3.1 4.8 4.8 2.8 3.1 3.1

Over 30 to 45 2.2 2.5 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.1 2.1

Over 45 to 60 1.7 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.1 1.4 1.6 1.6

Over 60 to 150 P = 105

V

P = 105

V

P = 85

V

Over 60 P = 75

V

P = 105

V

P = 105

V

P = 105

V

P = 105

V

P = 105

V

P = 105

V

Over 150 to 300 P = 127

V

Where:

(1) CT-1000 at 5.8-6.2 g/cm3 density

P= load in MPa of projected bearing area (length times inside diameter of bearing)

V = shaft velocity in m/min.


18


Press Fits (Interference Fits) Plain cylindrical journal bearings are commonly installed by press fitting the bearing into a housing with an insertion arbor. For housings rigid enough to withstand the press fit without appreciable distortion and for bearings with wall thickness approximately one-eighth or more of the bearing outside diameter, the press fits shown in Table 2 are recommended. For example, a 12.5 mm diameter bearing would use a 12.43–12.47 mm diameter hole in the housing.

It is recommended that bearings be pressed into the

housings using a mandrel to support the ID. For

example, for a 19 mm ID bearing the mandrel should be

approximately 0.008 mm over the desired final

dimension. The use of the mandrel is preferred to a final

reaming operation, because the reaming may close the

surface porosity.

TABLE 2: Recommended Press Fits

Outside Diameter, mm

Press Fit, mm

Min. Max.

Up to 19 0.025 0.075

19 to 38 0.038 0.100 38 to 63 0.050 0.125 63 to 75 0.050 0.150 Over 75 0.050 0.175

Running Clearances

Proper running clearance for bearings depends to a great extent on the particular application. Only minimum recommended clearances for oil-impregnated bearings used with ground steel shafting are listed in Table 3. For example, a 12.5 mm diameter shaft should use a bronze bearing with at least a 12.51 mm inside diameter.

TABLE 3: Running Clearances

Shaft Size, mm

Diametrical Clearance,

min. mm


Up to 6 0.008 0.015

6.01 to 19 0.013 0.020 19.01 to 38 0.025 0.033 38.01 to 63 0.038 0.045 >63.01 0.050 0.058

Dimensional Tolerances For Plain Cylindrical

Bearings

The data in Table 4 are intended for bronze base

bearings with a 4 to 1 maximum length to inside diameter

ratio and a 24 to 1 maximum length to wall thickness ratio

and for iron base bearings with a 3 to 1 maximum length

to inside diameter ratio and a 20 to 1 maximum length to wall thickness ratio. Bearings having greater ratios than these are not covered in the table.

TABLE 4. Recommended Tolerances

Inside Diameter

Total Diameter Tolerance, mm (1)


and Outside Inside/Outside Inside/Outside Diameter, mm Diameter Diameter

Up to 19 0.025 0.025

19 to 25 0.025 0.038 25 to 38 0.038 0.038 38 to 50 0.038 0.050 50 to 63 0.050 0.060 63 to 75 0.060 0.075 75 to 100 0.075 0.100 100 to 125 0.100 0.125 125 to 150 0.125 0.150

(1) Values are for bearings up to 50 mm in length. For

lengths greater than 50 mm, increase the diameter

tolerance 0.013 mm per 25 mm of added length.

Length, mm

Total Length Tolerance, mm


Up to 37 0.25 0.25

37 to 50 0.38 0.38 50 to 75 0.50 0.50 75 to 125 0.75 0.75

Outside Diameter, mm

Wall Thickness

max. mm

Concentricity

Tolerance, mm (Total Indicator

Reading) (2)(3)

Up to 25 Up to 6 0.075

25 to 38 Up to 9 0.075 38 to 50 Up to 13 0.100 50 to 75 Up to 19 0.125 75 to 100 Up to 25 0.125 100 to 125 Up to 38 0.150 125 to 150 Up to 50 0.175

(2) Concentricity tolerances apply regardless of thematerial.

(3) Values are for bearings up to 25 mm in length. Forlengths greater than 25 mm, increase the concen-tricity tolerance by 0.013 mm per 25 mm of addedlength.


19


(4) Normally flange dimensions are not critical; therefore, they should be held only as close as required by theapplication. Class A tolerances may require additional operations.

(5) For flange bearings, the body tolerances (inside diameter, outside diameter, length and concentricity) are thesame as for plain cylindrical bearings.

Class A: Required additional operations, such as sizing, to achieve tolerances. Considered typical manufacturing procedure. Class B: Used in the as-sintered, unsized, oil-impregnated condition usually not requiring additional operations.

2019 Edition Approved: 1986 Revised: 2010

TABLE 4. Recommended Tolerances (Continued)

Flange Diameter Tolerance, mm (4) Flange Thickness Tolerance, mm

Flange Bearings:

Flange Diameter, mm (5)

Bronze Base Iron Base Bronze Base Iron Base

Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B

Up to 38 ± 0.06 ± 0.13 ± 0.06 ± 0.13 ± 0.06 ± 0.13 ± 0.06 ± 0.13

38 to 75 ± 0.13 ± 0.25 ± 0.13 ± 0.25 ± 0.18 ± 0.25 ± 0.18 ± 0.25 75 to 150 ± 0.25 ± 0.63 ± 0.25 ± 0.63 ± 0.25 ± 0.38 ± 0.25 ± 0.38

Thrust Washers:

Thickness, mm

Thickness Tolerance, mm

(for all diameters)


Class A Class B Class A Class B

Up to 6 ± 0.06 ± 0.13 ± 0.06 ± 0.13

Flange Bearings

and Thrust

Washers: Diameter, mm

Parallelism in Faces, max. mm

Bronze Base Iron Base Class A Class B Class A Class B

Up to 38 0.050 0.075 0.075 0.125

38 to 75 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.175 75 to 150 0.100 0.125 0.175 0.250


20

Index Alphabetical Listing & Guide to Material Systems &

Designation Codes Used in MPIF Standard 35

The MPIF Standard 35 family of publications comprises four separate publications dealing with materials for: conventional PM structural parts, PM self-lubricating bearings, powder forged (PF) steel and metal injection molded parts (MIM). The same materials may appear in more than one publication or section of the standard depending upon their common use, e.g. some structural materials may also be used in bearing applications and vice versa and stainless steel materials may be manufactured by more than one PM process, such as conventional PM or MIM, dependent upon part design and use.

The following indices provide the user with a reference tool to more easily locate the information on the standardized material needed for a specific application.

INDEX 1 (35SLB1-2019) provides information on materials contained in this edition of MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings. The standardized material designation codes are listed

alphabetically, followed by the name of the specific material system section of the standard where the chemical composition, mechanical property data (both inch-pound and SI units) can be found.

INDEX 2 (35SLB2-2019) provides similar information on the other three MPIF Standard 35 publications. Since MPIF standards may be revised at any time by the specific industry group responsible for its development, page numbers are not listed in this index.

KEY - MPIF Standard 35 Publication:

MIM Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts

PF Materials Standards for PF Steel Parts

SLB Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings

SP Materials Standards for PM Structural Parts

INDEX 1. (35SLB1-2019) Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings

Material

Designation Code

Section

Material System Key

CFTG-3806-K Diluted Bronze Bearings SLB

CT-1000-K Bronze Bearings SLB

CTG-1001-K Bronze Bearings SLB

CTG-1004-K Bronze Bearings SLB

F-0000-K Iron and Iron-Carbon Bearings SLB



FC-0200-K Iron-Copper Bearings SLB

FC-0205-K Iron-Copper-Carbon Bearings SLB






FCTG-3604-K Diluted-Bronze Bearings SLB

FDCT-1802-K Diffusion-Alloyed Iron-Bronze Bearings SLB

FG-0303-K Iron-Graphite Bearings SLB

FG-0308-K Iron-Graphite Bearings SLB

21

MPIF Standard 35 Publication KEY

MIM Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts SLB Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings

PF Materials Standards for PF Steel Parts SP Materials Standards for PM Structural Parts


Material

Designation Code

Section

Material System Key

AC-2014 Aluminum Alloys SP

C-0000 Copper and Copper Alloys SP

CNZ-1818 Copper and Copper Alloys SP

CNZP-1816 Copper and Copper Alloys SP

CT-1000 Copper and Copper Alloys SP

CZ-1000 Copper and Copper Alloys SP



CZP-1002 Copper and Copper Alloys SP



F-0000 Iron and Carbon Steel SP



FC-0200 Iron-Copper and Copper Steel SP







FD-0105 Diffusion-Alloyed Steel SP







FF-0000 Soft-Magnetic Alloys SP

FL-3905 Prealloyed Steel SP











Sinter-Hardened Steel SP

FLC-4608 Sinter-Hardened Steel SP



22


Material

Designation Code

Section

Material System Key

FLC2-4808 Sinter-Hardened Steel SP

FLC2-5208 Sinter-Hardened Steel SP

FLDN2-4908 Diffusion-Alloyed Steel SP

FLDN4C2-4905 Diffusion-Alloyed Steel SP

FLN-4205 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel SP

FLN2-3905 Hybrid Low Alloy Steel SP

FLN2-4400 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel SP


FLN2-4408 Sinter-Hardened Steel SP

FLN2C-4005 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel SP



FLN4-4405(HTS) Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel SP

FLN4-4408 Sinter Hardened Steel SP

FLN4C-4005 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel SP


FLN6-4408 Sinter-Hardened Steel SP

FLNC-4405 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel SP

FLNC-4408 Sinter-Hardened Steel SP

FN-0200 Iron-Nickel and Nickel Steel SP





FN-5000 Soft-Magnetic Alloys SP

FS-0300 Soft-Magnetic Alloys SP

FX-1000 Copper-Infiltrated Iron and Steel SP






FY-4500 Soft-Magnetic Alloys SP

FY-8000 Soft-Magnetic Alloys SP

MIM-17-4PH Stainless Steel MIM

MIM-2200 Low-Alloy Steels MIM

Soft-Magnetic Alloys MIM


MIM-316L Stainless Steel MIM


MIM-420 Stainless Steel MIM

MIM-430L Stainless Steel MIM

Soft-Magnetic Alloys MIM

MIM-440 Stainless Steel MIM


MIM-Cu Copper MIM

MIM-F-15 Controlled-Expansion Alloys MIM

23


Material

Designation Code

Section

Material System Key

MIM-Fe-3% Si Soft-Magnetic Alloys MIM

MIM-Fe-50% Co Soft-Magnetic Alloys MIM

MIM-Fe-50% Ni Soft-Magnetic Alloys MIM

PF-1020 Carbon Steel PF



PF-10C40 Copper Steel PF











PF-4220 Low-Alloy PF-42XX Steel PF




PF-4640 Low-Alloy PF 46XX Steel PF



SS-303L Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy SP

SS-303N1 Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy SP


SS-304H Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy SP




SS-316H Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy SP





SS-409LE Stainless Steel - 400 Series Alloy SP

SS-409LNi Stainless Steel – 400 Series Alloy SP

SS-410 Stainless Steel - 400 Series Alloy SP





SS-434LCb Stainless Steel - 400 Series Alloy SP


For a current, comprehensive alphabetical listing of all materials and designation codes found in the family of MPIF Standard 35 publications, including listings by material systems (ferrous structural, nonferrous structural, etc.), go to the standards publication section of the MPIF Web site: mpif.org

Metal Powder Industries Federation105 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540-6692 U.S.A. (609) 452-7700 FAX (609) 987-8523Email: [email protected] website: mpif.org

2019 PM Self-Lubricating Bearings

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