materials part 1

8/12/2019 Materials Part 1

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!"#$%&"'(


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>%&4"%; 3-+(1#6$+#( -? @"A !"#$%&"'(

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Calcium Iron Silica Alumina Sulfate

Alkali waste AragoniteCalciteCement-kilndust

Cement rock

Chalklay Fullers earthLimestone Marble

MarlSeashellsShaleSlag

Blast-furnaceflue dustlay

Iron ore Mill scaleOre washings

Pyrite cindersShale

Calcium silicateCement rock

lay Fly ashFullers earthLimestone

LoessMarlOre washingsQuartziteRice-hull ashSandSandstoneShaleSlag

Traprock

Aluminum-orerefuse

BauxiteCement rock

layCopper slag

Fly ashFullers earthGranodioriteLimestone Loess

Ore washingsShaleSlagStaurolite

AnhydriteCalciumsulfate

Gypsum


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Traditional Manufactureof Portland Cement

1. Stone is first reduced to 125 mm (5 in.)size, then to 20 mm (3/4 in.), and stored.


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2. Raw materials are ground to powder and blended.


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3. Burning changes raw mix chemically into cement clinker.


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3a. Different zones in the kiln.

CO 2 driven off


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4. Clinker with gypsum is ground into portland cement andshipped.


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Clinker Gypsum

Clinker + Gypsum = Portland Cement


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10.0 !


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3$4$+# 0:$4&0"' 0-48-+$+#(

C 3S 3 CaO SiO 2 Tricalcium silicateC 2S 2 CaO SiO 2 Dicalcium silicateC 3 A 3 CaO Al 2O3 Tricalcium aluminateC 4 AF 4 CaO Al 2O3Fe 2O3 Tetracalcium alumino ferrite


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I NormalII Moderate sulfate resistanceIII High early strengthIV Low heat of hydration

V High sulfate resistance

ASTM C 150 (AASHTO M 85)


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Type of

portlandcement

Potential compound composition,%Blaine

finenessm2/kgC3S C2S C3 A C4 AF

I (mean) 54 18 10 8 369

II (mean) 55 19 6 11 377

III (mean) 55 17 9 8 548

IV (mean) 42 32 4 15 340

V (mean) 54 22 4 13 373


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Hydration and hydration products

1. Cement grains partially dissolve

2. Ions in solution start to react with water(hydration) once concentration is highenough

3. New hydration products form out of thesolution and glue everything together


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H;9%"1-+ -? 3 I C "+9 3 J C

2C 3S + 11H ! C 3S 2H8 + 3CH

C-S-H Calciumhydroxide

2C 2S + 9H ! C 3S 2H8 + CH

CH is crystallineC-S-H - amorphous in nature, is an inexact composition,and is extremely fine.


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3H


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C-S-H


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Type II & Type VSulfate ResistantCements


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Moderate and Low Heat CementsType IV


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Type IIIHigh Early Strength Cements


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Properties of Concrete


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Behavior of concrete under compression

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materials part 1

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