materials interactions relevant to the pulp, paper, and...
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Materials Interactions Relevant to thePulp, Paper, and Wood Industries
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Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 197
Materials Interactions Relevant tothe Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries
Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.
EDITORS:
D.F. CaulfieldUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin,U.S.A.
J.D. PassarettiPfizer Inc., Specialty Minerals, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
S.F. SobczynskiDepartment of Energy, Office of Industrial Programs, Washington, D.C.,U.S.A.
IMIRTSI MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETYPittsburgh, Pennsylvania
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City
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Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
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© Materials Research Society 1990
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Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence oraccuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to inthis publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
This Material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. MSS-8919116.
This Material is based upon work supported by the United States Drug Administration underGrant No. FP-90-1343.
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
Contents
PREFACE ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS xii
PART I: WOOD AND POLYMER COMPOSITES
MATERIALS SCIENCE OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS 3Roger M. Rowell
LIGNINS: STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION IN WOOD AND PULP 11John R. Obst
MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OFKRAFT LIGNINS 21
Wolfgang Schmidl, Daojie Dong, and Arthur L. Fricke
A NEW EMPHASIS IN STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING LIGNIN-BASEDPLASTICS 31
Sunil Dutta and Simo Sarkanen
INTERFACIAL ASPECTS OF REINFORCEMENT OF WOOD BY MINERALFIBERS 41
R.V. Subramanian and J.M. Park
COMPOSITE SYSTEMS OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS WITH SYNTHETICPOLYMERS 55
Ramani Narayan and Robert P. Neu
EXTRUDED WOOD-FLOUR POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES: EFFECT OFA MALEATED POLYPROPYLENE COUPLING AGENT ON FILLER-MATRIXBONDING AND PROPERTIES 67
George E. Myers, Paul C. Kolosick,Ichwan S. Chahyadi, Camden A. Coberly,James A. Koutsky, and Donald S. Ermer
UV-VISIBLE RESPONSE OF KRAFT LIGNIN IN SOFT WOOD BLACKLIQUOR 77
Daojie Dong and Arthur L. Fricke
PART II: FIBER/FIBER INTERACTIONS
THE STRUCTURES OF CELLULOSE 89Rajai H. Atalla
MICROMECHANICS MODELS FOR PREDICTING THE ELASTIC ANDSTRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF PAPER MATERIALS 99
Richard W. Perkins
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Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
EFFECTS OF AZIDOSILANE TREATMENTS OF WOOD AND CELLULOSEFIBER SURFACES ON ADHESION TO POLYPROPYLENE 119
Paul C. Kolosick, C.T. Scott, J.A. Koutsky,and G.E. Myers
FIBRE QUALITY FACTORS IN PAPERMAKING—I, THE IMPORTANCEOF FIBRE LENGTH AND STRENGTH 125
R.S. Seth
FIBRE QUALITY FACTORS IN PAPERMAKING—II, THE IMPORTANCEOF FIBRE COARSENESS 143
R.S. Seth
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SONICALLY AND MECHANICALLYDETERMINED ELASTIC MODULI OF PAPER 163
George L. Batten, Jr.
DEPENDENCE OF FIBER/FIBER BONDING ON SOME PAPERMAKINGVARIABLES 173
Robert A. Stratton and Norman L. Colson
PART III: FIBER/WATER INTERACTIONS
THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF VICINAL WATER 185Frank M. Etzler, James J. Conners, andRussell F. Ross
ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MOISTURE AND WOOD FIBREMATERIALS 193
Lennart Salmen
MODEL STUDY OF PAPER ELASTICITY AND DRYING RESTRAINTS 203Kaarlo J. Niskanen
TENSILE CREEP OF PAPERBOARD—EFFECT OF HUMIDITY CHANGERATES 213
Dennis E. Gunderson and Wayland E. Tobey
EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC FIBER AND BINDER ADDITION ON THESTRENGTH LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH CORRUGATING MEDIUM 227
John F. Waterhouse
CHITOSAN-COATED FIBERS FOR USE IN PAPERMAKING 239G.G. Allan, J.P. Carroll, Y. Hirabayashi,M. Muvundamina, and J.G. Winterowd
CONTINUUM MODELS FOR THE MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF PAPERAND PAPER COMPOSITES: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE 245
Jeffrey C. Suhling
PART IV: PAPERMAKING AND COATING PROCESSES
PAPER MAKING FURNISH AS A COMPOSITE BLEND. SOME WETEND INTERACTIONS AMONG FURNISH INGREDIENTS 259
Joseph Marton
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Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
A MECHANISM FOR THE FORMATION OF PAPER FROM AHETEROGENEOUS FIBER-WATER MIX 269
J.M. Gess
POLYALUMINUM HYDROXYCHLORIDE APPLICATION IN NEUTRALpH ROSIN SIZING OF PAPER 273
Barbara H. Wortley and Joe C. Steelhammer
PAPER COATINGS: HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPOSITES? 279Pierre Lepoutre
AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS EFFECTING COATING STRUCTURE 287James E. Kline
FABRICATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS FROM FIBROUSPRECURSORS USING PAPER MAKING PROCEDURES 297
J.N. Zabasajja, Soonho Ann, Tony Wu,A. Krishnagopalan, and B.J. Tatarchuk
PART V: SURFACE INTERACTIONS/FILLERS AND PIGMENTS
THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAPER STRUCTURE ANDPRINT QUALITY IN INK JET PRINTING 3 09
John F. Oliver and A.Y. Jones
PREPARATION OF IN SITU MAGNETICALLY LOADED CELLULOSEFIBERS 319
Serge Ricard and Robert H. Marchessault
THE PERFORMANCE OF PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATEFILLERS IN FINE QUALITY PRINTING AND WRITING PAPERS 325
Robert A. Gill
NOVEL CATIONIC PIGMENTARY MATERIALS AND THEIR USE 343R.V. Lauzon
PART VI: LATE ABSTRACT ACCEPTED
APPLICATION OF SURFACE SCIENCE TECHNIQUES TO THEUNDERSTANDING OF THE COLLOIDAL PROPERTIES OFPAPERMAKING MATERIALS 357
Nigel D. Sanders, John H. Schaefer, Ali R. Bashey,and Eric B. McElroy
AUTHOR INDEX 359
SUBJECT INDEX 361
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS 365
vii
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
Preface
The first endeavor of its kind by MRS to incorporate pulp,paper and wood as topics of a Materials Research Symposiumculminated in Symposium U: Materials Interactions Relevant tothe Pulp, Paper and Wood Industries. The symposium demonstratedthat wood and paper, although often overlooked as materials bythe materials research community, provide a vibrant field formaterials research. Of special interest to materials research-ers is the interaction between pulp, paper and wood with othermaterials. This general topic was divided into categories thatconstituted the themes for the five sessions of the symposium:1) wood/polymer composites, 2) fiber/fiber interactions, 3)fiber/water interactions, 4) papermaking and coating processes,and 5) surface interactions: fillers and pigments. One recur-rent problem discussed throughout the symposium was the need todiscover new ways to promote intimate and effective interactionsbetween the highly polar surfaces of wood, paper and celluloseand materials whose surfaces might tend to be non-polar innature.
The presentations at the symposium were almost equallydivided into contributions from government laboratories,industrial laboratories, and universities. Countries represent-ed by speakers were the United States, Canada, Sweden andFinland. Evidence of the timely nature of the symposium wasits co-sponsorship by TAPPI, the Technical Association of thePulp and Paper Industries, and by the financial support ofindustry (Pfizer Inc. and International Paper), DOE Office ofIndustrial Programs and the NSF.
Daniel F. CaulfieldJune D. PassarettiStanley F. Sobczynski
August 9, 1990
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
Acknowledgments
The editors would like to thank Don Gillmore of TAPPI, AlanPlace of NSF, and Alan J. Streb, Deputy Asst. Seer, for In-dustrial Technologies DOE, for their assistance in obtainingsupport for the symposium. We would also like to extend aspecial thanks to Joseph Marton and Robert W. Hagemeyer forserving as session chairs and to the many authors for theircontributions.
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS
Recent Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
Volume 157—Beam-Solid Interactions: Physical Phenomena, J.A. Knapp, P. Borgesen,R.A. Zuhr, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-045-3
Volume 158—In-Situ Patterning: Selective Area Deposition and Etching, R. Rosenberg,A.F. Bernhardt, J.G. Black, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-046-1
Volume 159—Atomic Scale Structure of Interfaces, R.D. Bringans, R.M. Feenstra,J.M. Gibson, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-047-X
Volume 160—Layered Structures: Heteroepitaxy, Superlattices, Strain, andMetastability, B.W. Dodson, LJ. Schowalter, J.E. Cunningham,F.H. Pollak, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-048-8
Volume 161—Properties of II-VI Semiconductors: Bulk Crystals, Epitaxial Films,Quantum Well Structures and Dilute Magnetic Systems, J.F. Schetzina,F.J. Bartoli, Jr., H.F. Schaake, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-049-6
Volume 162—Diamond, Boron Nitride, Silicon Carbide and Related Wide BandgapSemiconductors, J.T. Glass, R.F. Messier, N. Fujimori, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-050-X
Volume 163—Impurities, Defects and Diffusion in Semiconductors: Bulk and LayeredStructures, J. Bernholc, E.E. Haller, DJ. Wolford, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-051-8
Volume 164—Materials Issues in Microcrystalline Semiconductors,P.M. Fauchet, C.C. Tsai, K. Tanaka, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-052-6
Volume 165—Characterization of Plasma-Enhanced CVD Processes, G. Lucovsky,D.E. Ibbotson, D.W. Hess, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-053-4
Volume 166—Neutron Scattering for Materials Science, S.M. Shapiro, S.C. Moss,J.D. Jorgensen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-054-2
Volume 167—Advanced Electronic Packaging Materials, A. Barfknecht, J. Partridge,C-Y. Li, C.J. Chen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-055-0
Volume 168—Chemical Vapor Deposition of Refractory Metals and Ceramics,T.M. Besmann, B.M. Gallois, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-056-9
Volume 169—High Temperature Superconductors: Fundamental Properties and NovelMaterials Processing, J. Narayan, C.W. Chu, L.F. Schneemeyer,D.K. Christen, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-057-7
Volume 170—Tailored Interfaces in Composite Materials, C.G. Pantano, E.J.H. Chen,1989, ISBN 1-55899-058-5
Volume 171—Polymer Based Molecular Composites, D.W. Schaefer, J.E. Mark, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-059-3
Volume 172—Optical Fiber Materials and Processing, J.W. Fleming, G.H. Sigel,S. Takahashi, P.W. France, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-060-7
Volume 173—Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid-StateMaterials, L.Y. Chiang, D.O. Cowan, P. Chaikin, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-061-5
Volume 174—Materials Synthesis Utilizing Biological Processes, M. Alper, P.D. Calvert,P.C. Rieke, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-062-3
Volume 175—Multi-Functional Materials, D.R. Ulrich, F.E. Karasz, AJ. Buckley,G. Gallagher-Daggitt, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-063-1
Volume 176—Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XIII, V.M. Oversby,P.W. Brown, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-064-X
Volume 177—Macromolecular Liquids, C.R. Safinya, S.A. Safran, P.A. Pincus, 1989,ISBN 1-55899-065-8
Volume 178—Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products: Characterization, Utilizationand Disposal VI, F.P. Glasser, R.L. Day, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-066-6
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Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information
MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS
Volume 179—Specialty Cements with Advanced Properties, H. Jennings, A.G. Landers,B.E. Scheetz, I. Odler, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-067-4
Volume 180—Better Ceramics Through Chemistry IV, C.J. Brinker, D.E. Clark,D.R. Ulrich, BJJ. Zelinsky, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-069-0
Volume 181—Advanced Metallizations in Microelectronics, A. Katz, S.P. Murarka,A. Appelbaum, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-070-4
Volume 182—Polysilicon Thin Films and Interfaces, B. Raicu, T.Kamins,C.V. Thompson, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-071-2
Volume 183—High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Defects in Materials, R. Sinclair,D.J. Smith, U. Dahmen, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-072-0
Volume 184—Degradation Mechanisms in III-V Compound Semiconductor Devices andStructures, V. Swaminathan, S.J. Pearton, O. Manasreh, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-073-9
Volume 185—Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology II, J.R. Druzik, P.B. Vandiver,G. Wheeler, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-074-7
Volume 186—Alloy Phase Stability and Design, G.M. Stocks, D.P. Pope, A.F. Giamei,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-075-5
Volume 187—Thin Film Structures and Phase Stability, B.M. Clemens, W.L. Johnson,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-076-3
Volume 188—Thin Films: Stresses and Mechanical Properties II, W.C. Oliver,M. Doerner, G.M. Pharr, F.R. Brotzen, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-077-1
Volume 189—Microwave Processing of Materials II, W.B. Snyder, W.H. Sutton,D.L. Johnson, M.F. Iskander, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-078-X
Volume 190—Plasma Processing and Synthesis of Materials III, D. Apelian, J. Szekely,1990, ISBN: 1-55899-079-8
Volume 191—Laser Ablation for Materials Synthesis, D.C. Paine, J.C. Bravman, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-080-1
Volume 192—Amorphous Silicon Technology, P.C. Taylor, M.J. Thompson,P.G. LeComber, Y. Hamakawa, A. Madan, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-081-X
Volume 193—Atomic Scale Calculations of Structure in Materials, M.A. Schluter,M.S. Daw, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-082-8
Volume 194—Intermetallic Matrix Composites, D.L. Anton, R. McMeeking, D. Miracle,P. Martin, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-083-6
Volume 195—Physical Phenomena in Granular Materials, T.H. Geballe, P. Sheng,G.D. Cody, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-084-4
Volume 196—Superplasticity in Metals, Ceramics, and Intermetailics, M.J. Mayo,J. Wadsworth, M. Kobayashi, A.K. Mukherjee, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-085-2
Volume 197—Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries,J.D. Passaretti, D. Caulfield, R. Roy, V. Setterholm, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-086-0
Volume 198—Epitaxial Heterostructures, D.W. Shaw, J.C. Bean, V.G. Keramidas,P.S. Peercy, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-087-9
Volume 199—Workshop on Specimen Preparation for Transmission ElectronMicroscopy of Materials II, R. Anderson, 1990, ISBN: 1-55899-088-7
Volume 200—Ferroelectric Thin Films, A.I. Kingon, E.R. Myers, 1990,ISBN: 1-55899-089-5
Earlier Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings listed in the back.
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Cambridge University Press978-1-558-99086-9 - Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 197: Materials Interactions Relevant to the Pulp, Paper, and Wood Industries: Symposium held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.Editors: D.F. Caulfield, J.D. Passaretti and S.F. SobczynskiFrontmatterMore information