materials for homogenous hadron calorimetry marcel demarteau fermilab internal review august 2,...

Materials for Homogenous Hadron

Calorimetry

Marcel DemarteauFermilab Internal Review August 2, 2010, Fermilab

HHCAL Review, Fermilab, August 2, 2010 -- M. Demarteau

Introduction As demonstrated by the previous speakers, HH-calorimetry

portends to be extremely powerful

Next generation experiments demand the ultimate in precision and background rejection

Total absorption hadron calorimetry is well positioned to significantly enhance the physics reach of future experiments

But, significant R&D is needed to develop the right medium that meets the physics requirements

The timescale of new experiments seems well matched with carrying out a well focused R&D program on the development of these new materials

Slide 2


History Investing in new calorimetry techniques has been done in the

past KTeV: high-speed , high-resolution CsI EM calorimeter (1996)

3100 crystals, covering 2m x 2m 27 X0 deep (50cm)

Three crystal vendors: Horiba, Crismatec and Bicron

Only Horiba was able to grow 50cm long crystals. Crismatec and Bicron has 25 cm long crystals that were glued together

Tight mechanical tolerances were difficult to achieve simultaneouslywith the uniformity requirements

Uniformity often required polishing and too much polishing would take the crystal out of mechanical spec.

Slide 3

2½x2½x50 cm3

5x5x50cm3

Horiba $4.78/cc $4.10/cc

Crismatec

$3.76/cc $2.80/cc

Bicron $4.60/cc --


E760 / E835 Calorimeter Experiment to explore charmonium states through p-pbar

annihilation Calorimeter was composed of 1280

lead-glass Čerenkov counters read out with photomultiplier tubes Spatial resolution of 9 mm obtained Energy resolution of 3.0%/√E + 1.5%

Slide 4

Fermilab Pub 90/190-ENIM A 519 (2004) 558–609


E760 / E835 Calorimeter Crystals were manufactured by Schott Glass Technologies,

Inc. Duryea, Pennsylvania

Slide 5


History Some more recent examples are:

OPAL: leadglass calorimeter L3: BGO EM calorimeter CMS: PbWO4 calorimeter

Dedicated efforts to develop the crystals

Slide 6

L3

OPAL CMS


Requirements Goal: obtain high energy resolution through total absorption Requirements: simultaneous detection of Cherenkov and

scintillation through wavelength and timing cut

Specifications: 1. Clean separation of scintillation/Cherenkov light

High transmittance down to UV (300nm) Scintillation at longer wavelength, ~500nm Relatively slow decay, ~100ns No short wave and fast decay scintillation

2. High density for short interaction length3. Good Cherenkov light yield, 10pe/GeV4. Modest scintillation light yield, 1000pe/GeV5. Stable properties 6. Low cost

Slide 7


Material Search

Slide 8

Sci

ntill

ator

s

Inorganic

Organic

Single Crystals

Ceramics

Glasses

Plastics

Liquid Scintillators

Oxides

Halides

A disc

ipline

in its

elf


Fluoride Scintillators

… and many more varieties due to doping, e.g. Eu (Europium), Sm (Samarium), Tb (Terbium), Er (Erbium) doped PbF2

Slide 9

Crystal PbF2 BaYb2F8 CdF2 CeF3 LaF3:Nd LaF3:Ce BaF2

Densityg/cm3

7,78 7,0 6,38 6,16 5,89 5,89 4,88

Cut-off, nm

245 230 320 280 125 (pure) 125 (pure) <200

LY, Ph/MeV ~100 >400 1600 70070

2200 14009700

Decay, ns

18 1,3-6 5/30 5300

3, 27;270

0,9630

Lum,nm

~370 173>350

300;350 200302

Woody,96

Visser,92 Moses,91 Visser,92


Oxide Scintillators

Slide 10

Crystal PbWO CdWO ZnWO CaWO CaWO:Bi NBWO BGO GSO BSO

Density 8,2 7,9 7,87 6,06 6,06 7,59 7,13 7,13 6,8

Cut-off, nm

>350-400

300 280 >380 300 295

LY, Ph/MeV

100 18.000 21.500 6.000 8.400 100 8.200 12.000 1.200

Decay, ns

5, 10 -21 μs

-9μs

400 3, 25 300 30-60 112

Emission,nm

430 495 480 420 480 530 480 440 470


Glasses

Slide 11


Material Development The materials for total absorption calorimetry need to be

engineered to meet the specifications

This is clearly NOT our task

Slide 12

Modify the absorption edge

Optimize scintillation and Cherenkov

Improve optical properties

Address cost

…

Doping

bonding

Energy trans.

fluorescence

Heat treatment

Composition


Collaboration HH-calorimetry needs the development of new materials

It appears that there are no fundamental limits to count Cherenkov and scintillation photons

There are many potential candidates, but systematic studies are absent

The expected time scale for application is enough to develop new sensor material

Affordable cost of detectors is a key problem for crystal technology and production

Systematic collaborative R&D is of critical importance !

Slide 13


Workshops To date, two workshops on HH-calorimetry organized:

Shanghai, February 19, 2008 Exploratory discussions with companies and universities

Beijing, May 9, 2010 Satellite meeting at the CALOR 2010 workshop http://indico.ihep.ac.cn/conferenceTimeTable.py?confId=1470 Twelve detailed presentations on the subject

Given the traction and interest of the community, an international organization committee to pursue the development of materials for HH-calorimetry has been formed before the 2nd workshop:

Marcel Demarteau, Steve Derenzo, Etiennette Auffray, Jun Fang, Alexander Gektin, Paul Lecoq, Michele Livan, William Moses, Adam Para, Yifang Wang, Marvin Weber, Tianchi Zhao, Ren-yuan Zhu

Slide 14


Workshops A third workshop is being

planned as satellite meeting at the IEEE meeting in Knoxville, TN, October 31, 2010 Conveners of the 3rd HHCAL

workshop: Paul Lecoq (CERN) Stephen E. Derenzo (LBL) Marvin J. Weber (LBL)

Slide 15


Consortium Formation of an HH-cal consortium

BGRI (Beijing Glass Research Institute) Caltech CERN Fermilab IHEP (Beijing) Institute for Scintillation Materials (Kharkov) LBL (HEP and Materials Science) NingBo University SICCAS (Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of

Science) University of Washington

All interested in collaborative R&D, each bringing specific expertise

Slide 16


LBNL For example, LBNL High-Throughput Facility for Scintillator

Material Discovery High-Throughput Screening of Crystalline Powder and Solid

Samples (Stephen Derenzo) LBNL Crystal Growth Facility (Edith Bourret-Courchesne)

Slide 17


LBNL High-Throughput measurements:

8 keV monochromatic X-ray beam diffractometry for synthesis

verification 50 keVp white X-ray beam

luminescence spectra scintillation luminosities

200-1000 nm optical excitation excitation and emission spectra quantum efficiencies

200-1000 nm reflectance band gaps (1.5 to 5 eV)

80 ps, 40 keVp pulsed X-rays decay times scintillation luminosities filters for wavelength selected decay times

All with computer-controlled sample changers, bar code readers, and automatic data upload to a real-time database

Slide 18

Furnace Array


Fermilab’s Role Fermilab plays at least two critical roles:

Scientific driver for the development of new materials Applications in new projects, such as the ILC, CLIC or MuC Application in high precision experiments

‘Client’ or ‘End-user’ of the new materials Characterization of new materials in real beam conditions (test beam) Feasibility of technology in realistic setups (arrays) Development of technology for use in experiments

Development of Calibration Development of photo-readout Development of mechanical assembly …

Fermilab is in the eminent position to take scientific leadership for high-energy physics applications of this technology

Slide 19


Summary The development of new materials for total absorption

hadron calorimetry is a necessity

Fermilab will not and cannot develop these materials

Industry and other research institutions are very interested in carrying out the R&D for this development, as witnessed by the growing interest in this effort

Fermilab is in the unique position to take scientific leadership, but requires us to demonstrate unambiguously that we are committed to developing the technology

Slide 20


Resources Needed Seed money for industry to start the development of new

materials is needed. It is expected that this will be of the order of $50-$100k per year Note that there is an agreement that costs will be shared

among the main stakeholders

As for the scientific leadership, that will be support indirectly through support for the simulation, photo-readout and beam test efforts

Slide 21

materials for homogenous hadron calorimetry marcel demarteau fermilab internal review august 2,...

Documents

fermilab slide

crystals hhcal review

fermilab pub

pennsylvania hhcal review

new materials hhcal

e760 e835 calorimeter

material search hhcal

low cost hhcal review