materials day 2008 - pennsylvania state university
TRANSCRIPT
Materials Day 2008
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Table of Contents _____________________________________________________________ Schedule of Events ...................................................................................................................................................1
Keynote Speaker Biography ....................................................................................................................................3
Table-top Exhibition ................................................................................................................................................4
Invited Speaker Biographies ....................................................................................................................................5
The Rustum and Della Roy Innovation in Materials Research Award ....................................................................9
MRI User Facilities, HyLion, University Libraries ...............................................................................................10
Poster List by Research Category ..........................................................................................................................11
Poster List with Abstracts ......................................................................................................................................16
Author Index ..........................................................................................................................................................34
Poster Session Map ................................................................................................................................................36
Schedule of Events ____________________________________________________________
___________________________ Monday, April 14, 2008 ____________________________
10:30 a.m. - 11:30 a.m. Tutorials
- MRI Shared User Facilities for Materials Characterization and Nanofabrication,
Professor Elizabeth Dickey and Guy Lavallee Room 206
- High Power Capacitors and Energy Storage, Professor Mike Lanagan Room 107
11:30 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Tours and Lunch MRI Building
- Nanofabrication Facility
- Materials Characterization Laboratory (MCL)
- Lunch on own unless preregistered for tours where a box lunch will be will be provided.
1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. Tutorials
- Polymer Actuators and Sensors, Professor Qiming Zhang Room 206
- Metamaterials, Professor Doug Werner Room 107
2:45 p.m. - 4:15 p.m. Tutorials
- Fuel Cells, Professor Mike Hickner Room 206
- Flexible Electronics, Professor Tom Jackson Room 107
4:30 p.m. - 5:15 p.m. Keynote Presentation Deans Hall
- Materials, Energy, and the Environment: What Matters? Professor Thomas L. Richard, Director, Penn State’s Institutes for Energy and the Environment
5:15 p.m. - 7:15 p.m. Industry Reception and Table-top Exhibition Presidents Halls II-IV
Materials Day 2008
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Schedule of Events (continued) __________________________________________________
___________________________ Tuesday, April 15, 2008 ____________________________
8:00 a.m. - 8:30 a.m. Registration Presidents Hall Lobby
8:30 a.m. - 9:00 a.m. Invited Presentation Presidents Hall I
- Materials R&D Opportunities in Sensitized Nanostructured Solar Cells Dr. Arthur J. Frank, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
9:00 a.m. - 9:30 a.m. Invited Presentation Presidents Hall I
- Synthesis and Four Solar Energy Applications of Highly Ordered Nanotube Arrays Professor Craig A. Grimes, The Pennsylvania State University
9:30 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. Invited Presentation Presidents Hall I
- Materials Breakthroughs for DoD Microsystems Dr. Devanand K. Shenoy, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
10:00 a.m. - 10:30 a.m. Invited Presentation Presidents Hall I
- Research in Solar Photoconversion: Materials and Fundamentals at the Cutting Edge Dr. Mark T. Spitler, Department of Energy
10:30 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. Award Presentation Presidents Hall I
- The Rustum and Della Roy Innovation in Materials Research Award presentation
11:00 a.m. - 3:30 p.m. Interactive Poster Session Presidents Halls II-IV
11:30 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Lunch Presidents Halls II-IV
Materials Day 2008
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Keynote Speaker Biography _____________________________________________________ Keynote Presenter: Professor Thomas L. Richard
Director, Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment
Materials, Energy, and the Environment: What Matters?
Biography: Tom Richard is the Director of Penn State’s Institutes for Energy and the Environment and an
Associate Professor in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. Dr. Richard’s teaching and
research applies microbial bioconversion technologies for energy production and value-added manufacturing,
with a particular focus on sustainable strategies for bioenergy production and use. He is the author or co-author
of over 100 research and technical publications and serves on the editorial boards of three scientific journals. He
is active in several professional societies and an elected Fellow of the Institute of Biological Engineering. Dr.
Richard has a B.S. from the University of California at Berkeley, and M.S. and PhD degrees from Cornell
University.
Abstract: It has been less than fifty years since we first looked back from space at this small blue planet that we
call earth. The next fifty years will force us to grapple with many dimensions of that finite reality, with fossil
fuels, strategic minerals, arable land and fresh water all becoming increasingly scarce. Novel materials will play
a key role in addressing those constraints: helping us capture and convert energy from new sources; providing
more efficient ways of satisfying human needs and desires; and protecting and enhancing the environment. Penn
State is contributing to these solutions through research, education, and technology transfer as we strive to make
a more sustainable world.
Materials Day 2008
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Table-top Exhibition __________________________________________________________ Please make time to visit our partners on Monday April 14, 2008 from 5:15 to 7:15 p.m. at the industry
reception and table-top exhibition. Companies participate in Materials Day for a variety of reasons including
showing support of Penn State’s materials expertise and interacting with Penn State faculty, researchers, and
students. We would like to express our sincere appreciation to the following organizations and Penn State
entities for participating in Materials Day.
ACE Glass Incorporated
Chuck Carney, 856-692-4042
Anter Corporation
Bob Purvis, 412-795-6410
Applied Test Systems, Inc.
Greg Osborne, 24-283-1212
Diamond Innovations
Gaurav Aggarwal, 614-438-2097
Eastman Kodak
Brad Coltrain, 585-722-7905
Linseis Inc.
Bob LeGrand, 609-799-6282
MTS Systems Corporation
Michael La Corte, 856-768-9220
PANalytical
Gary Godula, 724-853-7566
Penn State ARL Materials and Manufacturing Office
Greg Johnson, 814-865-8207
Penn State Center for Computational Materials Design
Sandra Watson, 814-865-9891
Penn State Center for Nanotechnology
Education and Utilization
Robert Ehrmann, 814-865-7558
Penn State Center for Structural Health Monitoring
Cliff Lissenden, 814-863-5754
Penn State Electro-Optics Center
David Snyder, 724-295-6608
Penn State Hybrid and Hydrogen Vehicle
Research Laboratory
Theresa Maher, 814-863-1652
Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment
Patty Craig, 814-863-0037
Penn State Materials Characterization Laboratory
Elaine Sanders, 814-865-2328
Penn State Nanofabrication Facility
Leeanna McCool, 814-865-3303
Penn State Research and Technology Transfer
Greg Angle, 814-865-9519
Pennsylvania NanoMaterials Commercialization Center
Alan Brown, 412-918-4205
R.J. Lee Group, Inc.
Brian Strohmeier, 724-387-1969
Rohm and Haas Company
Michaeleen Pacholski, 215-641-7440
SCHOTT North America Inc.
Ed Hart, 570-457-7485
Technology Council of PA
Kelly Lewis, 717-635-2114
Thermal Technology LLC
Robert Heath, 603-225-6605
TRS Technologies Inc.
Raffi Sahul, 814-238-7485
US Army Research Laboratory
Steve Taulbee, 410-306-0644
Materials Day 2008
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Invited Speaker Biographies ____________________________________________________ Dr. Arthur J. Frank
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
Materials R&D Opportunities in Sensitized Nanostructured Solar Cells
Biography: Arthur J. Frank is a Principal Scientist in the Chemical and Biosciences Center at the National
Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). He earned his doctoral degree (1975) in Physical Chemistry from the
University of Florida and conducted postdoctoral research at the Han-Meitner-Institute in Berlin (1975-1976)
and the University of California at Berkeley (Calvin Laboratory) (1976-1978). He joined NREL, formerly
known as the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), in 1978. Dr. Frank’s research interests cover (1)
nanostructured semiconductors for photoconversion, (2) photoelectrochemical water splitting, (3) charge
transport and recombination dynamics, (4) chemically modified electrode surfaces, (5) photoelectrocatalysis,
and (5) electrode materials for Li batteries. Dr. Frank has authored or co-authored more than 100 peer-reviewed
publications and several book chapters, has edited 1 symposium volume, and holds 5 U.S. patents. He has
organized and chaired several U.S. and international symposia. He has chaired or served on several DOE review
panels and served as a member of the U.S. DOE Visiting Team under the U.S.-Israel Scientific Cooperation
Agreement and as a delegate to the International Energy Agency Executive Conference.
Abstract: Fossil fuels provide more than 85% of all the energy consumed in the United States, nearly two-
thirds of our electricity and essentially all of our transportation fuels. It is generally accepted that we must
reduce this mass consumption of fossil fuels to offset greenhouse gas emission, reduce our reliance on imported
oil, and promote economic growth. Utilizing the energy from the sun to produce electricity and fuels will be
critical toward attaining these objectives. Materials Science is playing a pivotal role in advancing the
development of high-efficiency, low-cost, and reliable solar cells. Traditional silicon and thin-film solar cells
are basically solid-state p-n junction devices. A relatively recent class of solar cells based on interconnected
liquid-solid/solid-solid junctions has attracted the attention of the photovoltaic community. These solar cells are
commonly referred to as bulk heterojunction cells, mesoscopic injection cells, photoelectrochemical cells, or
sensitized cells. A distinguishing feature of sensitized solar cells (SSCs) is that both light absorption and charge
separation occur near the extensive interface (e.g., >1000 times the projected area) between two materials.
These cells are characterized by their mesoporous nanostructured architecture defined by two continuous,
interpenetrating networks constructed from a combination of organic and inorganic materials or entirely
inorganic materials. While there are a number of versions of SSCs, the prototype is the liquid-electrolyte-based
dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC or Grätzel cell). The simplicity of its design and the nature of the materials
allow for inexpensive scale-up to nonvacuum- and low-temperature-based manufacturing processes (e.g.,
screen-printing and roll-to-roll production). Certified DSSC efficiencies exceeding 11% have been
demonstrated for laboratory cells and 6%–7% for modules. Tandem versions of laboratory cell have reached
15% conversion efficiencies. Recent research has greatly improved the stability of these cells. There are still
vast opportunities to tailor the properties of these materials to enhance the efficiencies for light harvesting,
charge injection, and charge collection. Sensitizers can range from molecular dyes to traditional inorganic
semiconductors to quantum-confined structures. Charge separation and transport properties can be manipulated
in a number of ways, for instance, by altering the nanostructure morphology (e.g., changing the size and shape
of the pores and crystallites) or by chemically modifying the interface (e.g., to foster better energetics and to
suppress the recombination kinetics). This technology has special potential for (1) electricity-
generating/conserving windows and other building-integrated photovoltaic components and (2) lightweight
portable power-supply charging devices for consumer electronics and military applications. More advanced
concepts of sensitized solar cells are aimed at developing nanostructured systems with ultra-high (>32%)
efficiencies. The challenge of realizing this vision is considerable and will require substantial advances in
understanding material effects (e.g., architecture, interface, composition) and physical processes affecting the
performance and stability of the devices.
Materials Day 2008
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Invited Speaker Biographies (continued) __________________________________________ Professor Craig A. Grimes
The Pennsylvania State University
Synthesis and Four Solar Energy Applications of Highly Ordered Nanotube Arrays
Biography: Craig A. Grimes received B.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering and Physics from the
Pennsylvania State University in 1984, and the Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the
University of Texas at Austin in 1990. In 1990 he joined the Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratories where
he worked on artificial dielectric structures. From 1994 to 2001 Dr. Grimes was a faculty member of the
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Kentucky. He is currently a Professor of
Electrical Engineering at the Pennsylvania State University, University Park. His research interests include the
solar production of hydrogen by water photoelectrolysis, organic as well as inorganic heterojunction solar cells,
propagation and control of electromagnetic energy, and remote query environmental sensors. He has
contributed over 250 archival journal publications (some of which are worth reading- to steal a quote from Tom
Mallouk), a dozen book chapters, and some twenty patents. He is founder or co-founder of four different
companies. Dr. Grimes is Editor-in-Chief of Sensor Letters, co-author of The Electromagnetic Origin of
Quantum Theory and Light (World Scientific), Editor of The Encyclopedia of Sensors (American Scientific
Publishing), and co-author of Light, Water, Hydrogen: The Solar Generation of Hydrogen by Water
Photoelectrolysis (Springer).
Abstract: Our interest is in the efficient, cost-effective conversion of sunlight to electricity or a portable
chemical fuel such as hydrogen. To that end, we consider semiconductors formed as vertically oriented, highly
ordered, thin-walled nanotube arrays, a material architecture that appears ideal for use in water photoelectrolysis
and heterojunction solar cells. We consider four solar-energy applications of the material architecture: (1&2)
TiO2 nanotube arrays as the electron transporter in dye sensitized as well as solid state organic-inorganic solar
cells; (3) p-type Cu-Ti-O with n-type Ti-Cu-O nanotube arrays and their use in self-biased heterojunction
photoelectrochemical diodes for the solar generation of hydrogen by water splitting; and (4) nitrogen doped
TiO2 nanotube arrays to the photoinduced conversion of CO2 to methane.
Materials Day 2008
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Invited Speaker Biographies (continued) __________________________________________ Dr. Devanand K. Shenoy
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
Materials Breakthroughs for DoD Microsystems
Biography: Dr. Shenoy is the program manager for the SuperMolecular Photonics Engineering (MORPH),
Recognize IED and Report (RIEDAR) and Hemispherical ARray Detector for Imaging (HARDI) programs in
the Microsystems Technology Office (MTO) at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
He joined DARPA in March 2007 from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington, DC.
Dr. Shenoy's interests are in demonstrating the potential of high-performance materials for revolutionary
components and devices. These include non-linear optical materials for EO modulators and EO sensor
protection, new technologies for explosives detection, hemispherical array detectors for imaging, magnetic
tunneling junctions and spintronics for magnetic sensors, novel components based on metamaterials, as well as
high-performance organic electronics for low-cost processing.
Dr. Shenoy received his BS in physics, chemistry and mathematics at Bangalore University, Bangalore, India;
his MS in Physics from the same University specializing in solid state physics and his Ph.D. in Physics from the
Indian Institute of Science at Bangalore, India on critical point phenomena in condensed matter using photon
correlation spectroscopy.
He developed postdoctoral experience in laser light scattering from polymer systems at the Department of
Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University and later served as Research Faculty in Physics at
the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. There, his fundamental contributions to the understanding of the
polyethylene oxide/water system led to publications in high-impact journals such as Nature. He contributed to
several basic and applied research projects at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). A central theme in the
projects at NRL were to demonstrate the potential of complex materials such as liquid crystals, polymers,
nanotubes and supramolecules in devices for applications of interest to the DoD and industry.
He belongs to multiple societies including; American Physical Society, American Chemical Society, and the
International Society for Photo-Acoustic and Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). He has more than 50
publications a book chapter.
Abstract: DARPA's MORPH (Supermolecular Photonics Engineering) program is exploiting breakthroughs
that have recently been made in new organic nonlinear optical materials for high-performance RF photonic
devices as well as sensor protection against high power laser threats.
The RIEDAR program is developing new laser components that will enable detection of hazardous materials
from a remote distance in sub-second time scales.
A recently started program, HARDI (Hemispherical ARray Detection for Imaging), is focused on developing
small radius of curvature, curved focal plane arrays for wide field of view imaging in the visible, near IR and
SWIR bands by leveraging high quantum efficiency organic and inorganic materials.
In addition to these three programs, new ideas for program development will be outlined.
Materials Day 2008
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Invited Speaker Biographies (continued) __________________________________________ Dr. Mark T. Spitler
Department of Energy
Research in Solar Photoconversion: Materials and Fundamentals at the Cutting Edge
Biography: Mark Spitler is presently Program Manager of the Solar Photochemistry Program in the Office of
Basic Energy Sciences at the Department of Energy. Dr. Spitler received his B.S. degree in 1972 from Stanford
University and his Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of California, Berkeley while working with Professor
Melvin Calvin. Following a postdoctoral appointment at the Fritz Haber Institute in Berlin with Professor Heinz
Gerischer, he served on the faculties of Amherst and Mt. Holyoke Colleges, with a concurrent appointment on
the graduate faculty of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. In 1985, he assumed a position at the Polaroid
Corporation, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the development of amorphous silicon solar cells followed in
1988 by positions within the company as Senior Research Scientist in the Department of Media Systems
Research and Department of Physical Chemistry. In 1997 Dr. Spitler became President of ChemMotif, Inc., a
company formed with his Polaroid colleagues in Woburn, MA with an appointment as Adjunct Professor at the
University of Massachusetts, Boston. For three years prior to joining the DOE in December of 2007, he was a
Principal Scientist at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and served as a detailee to the DOE. His
research background includes photoelectrochemistry and semiconductor electrochemistry.
Abstract: Basic Research in the field of solar photoconversion has been a longstanding interest of the Office of
Science in the Department of Energy. In the Solar Photochemistry Program within Basic Energy Sciences,
support for research in this area has a history that extends back three decades. The central focus of this research
in chemistry has been on the absorption of visible light by chromophores, the subsequent separation of electron-
hole pairs to produce charge, and the transport of this charge away from the point of generation. Additional
explorations have been pursued into homogeneous catalysis for oxygen and hydrogen evolution in emulation of
model photosynthetic systems for energy transduction.
This history provides a backdrop for an overview of the present status of the field of solar photoconversion and
its goals and challenges with respect to both fundamentals and materials issues. The presentation will illustrate
the present use of molecular constructs and heterogeneous interfaces to effect the fundamental steps in charge
separation requisite for efficient energy transduction. These research efforts will be analyzed within the
perspective of the long term applications in fuel production and electric power generation, showing that most
chemical systems presently under study have promise in either application. Highlighted will be challenges at the
fundamentals/materials interface that will play an enabling role in applied systems for solar photoconversion.
Materials Day 2008
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The Rustum and Della Roy Innovation in Materials Research Award ___________________ About the Award: The Rustum and Della Roy Innovation in Materials Research Award honors
interdisciplinary materials research at Penn State which yields valuable, unexpected results and recognizes
genuine innovation not previously achieved. Three awards are granted annually; two graduate student awards
and one postdoctoral or junior faculty award. Award includes a minimum of $500 for graduate students and a
minimum of $1,000 for postdoctoral researchers or junior faculty members.
The award was created by a generous gift from Professors Rustum and Della Roy, both graduate alumni of Penn
State. Competition for the award is open to full-time graduate students and postdoctoral researchers or junior
faculty members conducting interdisciplinary materials research at Penn State.
The 2008 recipients of the Rustum and Della Roy Innovation in Materials Research Award
David B. Asay, Graduate Student
Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering
Omkar R. Parajuli, Graduate Student
Chemistry, Eberly College of Science
Shunli Shang, Research Associate
Materials Science and Engineering, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
Previous recipients
2007
Thomas J. Mullen, III, Chemistry, Eberly College of Science
Walter G. Luscher, Materials Science and Engineering, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
Qing Wang, Materials Science and Engineering, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
2006
Arrelaine A. Dameron, Chemistry, Eberly College of Science
Walter Paxton, Chemistry, Eberly College of Science
Tony Jun Huang, Engineering Science and Mechanics, College of Engineering
Materials Day 2008
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MRI User Facilities ___________________________________________________________ The ―ideal‖ research lab has every tool you need at your fingertips. But due to space constraints and financial
considerations, not every university research group or small company can equip their labs with the state-of-the-
art tools they need to be productive researchers.
The shared user facilities available through Penn State’s Materials Research Institute—the Materials
Characterization Lab (MCL) and the Nanofabrication Facility (Nanofab)—offer researchers convenient and
affordable access to a wide range of state-of-the art analytical instrumentation and fabrication tools.
Approximately thirty technical staff members across the two facilities provide hands-on training for users, assist
with sample analysis and fabrication projects, and interact with the materials community at Penn State, other
universities, and from industry.
CHARACTERIZATION
Surface and Thin Film Analysis
Electron and Ion Microscopy
Optical Spectroscopy
X-ray Diffraction
Particle/Thermal Analysis
Chemical Analysis
Electrical Characterization
Nanoindentation
Sample Prep
Contact MCL:
814-865-2328
www.mri.psu.edu/facilities/mcl/
FABRICATION
Cleanroom Space
Wet Chemical Etching
Dry Etching (Reactive Ion Etching)
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Thermal Annealing
Lithography
Evaporation
Sputtering
Keck SMIL (Smart Materials Integration Lab)
Contact Nanofab:
814-865-3303
www.mri.psu.edu/facilities/nanofab/
HyLion Fuel Cell Vehicle ______________________________________________________ Joel R. Anstrom, Director of the Hybrid and Hydrogen Vehicle Research Center and the DOE Graduate
Automotive Technology Education Center for the Thomas D. Larson Pennsylvania Transportation Institute at
Penn State University, is responsible for developing and managing transportation research projects that advance
hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen infrastructure, and high-power in-vehicle energy storage.
At Materials Day 2008 Dr. Anstrom will display the HyLion fuel cell vehicle which was developed to
demonstrate the Air Products hydrogen fueling station on University Park campus.
Contact: Joel R. Anstrom, [email protected], 814-863-8904, www.vss.psu.edu/hhvrl.htm
University Libraries ___________________________________________________________ The University Libraries is your gateway to materials science information. We provide access to resources
ranging from the latest journal articles to reports and patents. Stop by to learn about how to access these
resources from your office and to learn more about technology tools available to stay current with the latest
developments in your field.
Contact: Linda Musser, [email protected], 814-863-7073, www.libraries.psu.edu/emsl/
Materials Day 2008
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Biomaterials and Medical Devices ________________________________________________ 50 Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications T. Morgan, E. Altinoglu, A. Tabakovic, T. Russin, H. S. Muddanas, T. Tabouillot, P. C. Eklund, P. J. Butler, A. Sharma, G.
Robertson, M. Kester, J. H. Adair
51 Nanoparticulate-Enabled Manufacturing of Ceramic Components for the Next Generation of
Surgical Instruments G. Hayes, N. Antolino, M. Aguirre, R. Kirkpatrick, C. Muhlstein, E. Mockenstrum, M. Frecker, A. J. Snyder, R. Haluck, J.
H. Adair
52 Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidic Devices for Cell Assays Fabricated from Tape-Based Master
Molds M. F. Santillo, M. L. Heien, A. G. Ewing
75 Emergent Properties of Polymer Films Fabricated by Oblique Angle Polymerization M. C. Demirel, H. Wang, S. Boduroglu, M. Cetinkaya, N. Malvadkar, E. So, S. Park, B. Purcell, A. Mangan, T. Marko, M.
Anderson, M. Ulizio
85 Chemically Functional Magnetic Nanomaterials C. J. Thode, J. R. Stephens, J. S. Beveridge, E. P. Fillerup, M. Burek, A. H. Latham, M. E. Williams
Computer Simulation and Modeling ______________________________________________ 87 Electronic Structure of Clusters and Metamaterials I. Iordanov, A. M. Suarez, J. O. Sofo
88 Interactions at Surfaces: Water on Titania and Graphene on Silica N. Kumar, N. Shen, J. O. Sofo
Electronic/Photonic Materials and Devices ________________________________________ 53 Dopant-Induced Dislocation Inclination and Tensile Stress Generation in AlGaN I. C. Manning, J. D. Acord, M. A. Fanton, D. W. Snyder, X. Weng, J. M. Redwing
54 Microwave Melt Growth of ZnO Crystals J. Cheng, Y. Zhang, R. Guo
55 Effect of Nitrogen on Deposition Rate, Surface Morphology and Crystalline Quality of (100), (111)
and Polycrystalline Diamond Films by MPCVD M. Bresnehan, R. Cavalero, M. A. Fanton, D. W. Snyder
56 Integration of BaTiO3 Thin Films with GaN and SiC Semiconductors for Rf and Sensor Applications M. J. Snyder, J. D. Acord, D. J. Rearick, M. A. Fanton, D. W. Snyder, S. Trolier-McKinstry, S. E. Perini, M. T. Lanagan, P.
J. Fisher, P. A. Salvador, M. Skowronski
57 Czochralski Growth and Characterization of Piezoelectric Single Crystals of Re:Ca4O(BO3)3 for High
Temperature Sensor Applications E. Frantz, D. W. Snyder, T. Shrout, S. Zhang, Y. Fei, B. H. T. Chai
58 Dielectric Composites M. T. Lanagan
59 Wide Bandgap Electronic Devices and Sensors J. Robinson, J. D. Acord, M. A. Fanton, V. Heydemann, D. W. Snyder, J. M. Redwing, D. E. Wolfe, M. T. Lanagan
60 Engineered Materials Architectures for Advanced High Frequency Applications E. Semouchkina, V. Tyagi, G. Semouchkin, M. T. Lanagan, A. Baker, A. Webb, R. Mittra
61 Cerium Doped Lutetium Based Scintillators for High Resolution Gamma Ray Detectors C. Shanta, D. W. Snyder, S. Kwon, W. Hackenberger
Materials Day 2008
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Electronic/Photonic Materials and Devices (continued) ______________________________ 62 Soft Electronic Materials and Devices Q. M. Zhang, B. Chu, B. P. Neese, X. Zhou, Y. Wang, S. Liu, M. Lin, Z. Fang, J. H. Lin, Q. Chen, C. Zou, S. Lu
63 Pulse Excimer Laser Annealing of Ferroelectric Thin Films for MEMS Applications S. S. N. Bharadwaja, R. Akarapu, S. Trolier-McKinstry, H. Beratan, D. Arbuthnot
Fuel Cells and Other Energy Technologies ________________________________________ 70 Tin Monosulfide as Thin Film Material for Photovoltaic Applications R. Chandrasekharan, J. R. S. Brownson
71 New Approaches to High Energy Density Film Capacitors Z. Zhang, Y. Matsuyama, S. Chen, T. C. M. Chung
72 Ionic Liquids in Electro-Active Devices W. Liu, Y.-J. Wang, S. W. Wang, U. H. Choi, G. Tudryn, R. H. Colby
73 Single-Ion Conducting Polymers for Actuators, Lithium Batteries and Fuel Cells R. H. Colby, Y.-J. Wang, W. Liu, G. Tudryn, S. Wang, U. H. Choi
74 Catalytic Activity of Cobalt Deposited on Nanostructured Poly(p-xylylene) Films N. Malvadkar, S. Park, M. Urquidi-MacDonald, H. Wang, M. C. Demirel
76 Polymeric Materials and Energy Research in the Hickner Group M. A. Hickner, S. A. Petrina, H. Xie, R. J. Patel
77 Synthesis of Micro-Porous Boron-Substituted Carbon (B/C) Materials for Hydrogen Physisorption Y. Jeong
78 Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Using Visible Light in a Nonsacrificial Molecular Catalytic
System W. J. Youngblood, S.-H. A. Lee, T. E. Mallouk
79 High Surface Area Nanoporous Carbon with Controlled Pore Size Distribution for Ultracapacitor
Application R. Rajagopalan, H. C. Foley, E. Furman
81 The Nature of Water in Perfluorosulfonic Ionomer (Nafion) Fuel Cell Membranes E. Manias, G. Polizos, Z. Lu, D. D. Macdonald, K. Strawhecker
83 Toward Improved Electrolytes: Dynamics of Ion-Containing Polymers D. Fragiadakis, P. Ramasamy, A. McDermott, A. Castagna, J. Runt
84 Novel Molecular Basket Sorbents (MBS) for CO2 Capture from Flue Gas and Other Gas Streams X. Wang, X. Ma, C. Song
86 Direct Self-Assembly Photosynthetic Analogs by Artificial Oligopeptides C. P. Myers, L. Levine, H. W. Youm, M. B. Coppock, M. E. Williams
Materials Characterization _____________________________________________________ 10 A New Tool for X-ray Diffraction at PSU MCL M. S. Angelone
11 Investigation on Enzymatic Degradation of Purified Cellulose Y. Hu, J. M. Catchmark, N. R. Brown
12 Materials Characterization with X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy Y. Chen
13 Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Applications at Penn State T. E. Clark, J. Kulik, J. J. Maier
Materials Day 2008
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Materials Characterization (continued) ___________________________________________ 14 Center for the Study of Polymeric Systems C. Colina, R. P. Danner
15 Gas Adsorption in Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity G. Larsen, C. Colina
16 Characterization of Materials for Energy Technologies: The MCL Surface and Optical Group J. Stapleton, V. Bojan, T. Daniel, J. Stitt, B. Liu
17 The MCL Surface and Optical Characterization Group J. Stapleton, V. Bojan, T. Daniel, J. Stitt, B. Liu
18 Deposition and Characterization of Vanadium Oxide Thin Films for Use in Infrared Detection B. D. Gauntt, E. C. Dickey
19 Growth Kinetics and Characterization of Anodic Bi-layer Tantalum Oxide Thin Films J. D. Ray Sloppy, N. J. Podraza, E. C. Dickey, D. D. Macdonald
20 MEMS Based Testing of Nano and Bio Materials A. Haque
21 Investigating the Properties of Powders and Parts: Thermal Analysis, Hardness Testing, Density,
Particle Size, Surface Area, Scanning Electron Microscopy D. Heaney, K. Cowan
22 Transmission Electron Microscopy at the Materials Research Institute J. Kulik, T. E. Clark, J. J. Maier, E. C. Dickey
23 Particle and Thermal Characterization Capabilities at MCL R. I. Malek, M. N. Salama, E. C. Dickey
24 The Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science: Interdisciplinary Research, and Educational and
Industrial Outreach Activities A. A. Hill, Z. Medina Torres, R. D. Redwing, V. H. Crespi, T. E. Mallouk
25 Characterization and Properties of Structured Waters M. Rao, T. Slawecki, M. R. Hoover, R. Roy
26 Novel Hard Metals Based on Encapsulated Particles I. Smid, D. Cunningham, E. Byrne
27 Structure Comparison of Co-Crystallized 6- and 12-Sided Large Cancrinite Crystals D. E. W. Vaughan, H. P. Yennawar, A. J. Perrotta
28 Characterization of Structure and Chemistry of Films and Nanostructures Using Conventional TEM
and Analytical Electron Microscopy X. Weng, R. Burke, J. D. Acord, M. A. Fanton, O. Maksimov, V. Heydemann, D. W. Snyder, E. C. Dickey, J. M. Redwing
67 Calculation of the Lattice Parameters of Beta-Titanium-Aluminum-Ruthenium Solid Solution Alloys S. Rajsiri, E. R. Ryba
82 Dynamics and Nanoscale Structure of Multicomponent Polymer Systems T. Choi, K. Masser, S. Pongkitwitoon, J. Runt
Materials Processing and Manufacturing __________________________________________ 30 Microwave Processing of Ceramics, Semiconductors, Composites and Metallic Materials:
Developments at Microwave Processing and Engineering Center D. Agrawal, J. Cheng, R. Roy
31 Inverse Gas Chromatography Applied to Diffusivity of Gases and Solvents in Polymers I. Balashova, R. P. Danner
Materials Day 2008
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Materials Processing and Manufacturing (continued) ________________________________ 32 Prototype Fabrication of Aspheric and Conformal Optics W. J. Everson, J. A. Randi, E. J. Oslosky, R. D. Gamble, G. M. Goda
33 Synthesis of Nanophase Magnetic Materials by Microwave-Hydrothermal Process: Sintering and
Properties S. Komarneni, Q. Lu, F. Gao, S. R. Murthy
34 Center for Computational Materials Design Z.-K. Liu
35 Phase Research Laboratory M. Mantina
36 Formation of a Nano Scale Carbon Layer on Glass: Synthesis and Characterization H. Lee, J. Robinson, R. Rajagopalan, C. Pantano
37 Glass Surfaces, Interfaces and Coatings C. Pantano, J. Banerjee, A. Mendoza, J. Rygel, R. Schaut, N. Smith
38 A Novel Type of Ceramic Hard Coatings Based on Materials With Eutectic Microstructure A. V. Polotai, E. C. Dickey, K. Meinert
39 Nano-Engineered Encapsulated Particles for the Creation of Self-Lubricating Coatings A. Segall, I. Smid, T. Eden, J. Weyant, J. Potter
40 Chemical Synthesis of Metallurgical Nano/Micro Powders and Shape Controlled Nanocrystals R. E. Schaak
41 Nanoscale Inorganic Materials in the Schaak Group: Green Chemistry, Catalysis, Biotemplating,
Superconductors, Nanowires, and Exotic Nanocrystals R. E. Schaak
42 Bulk and Thin Film Crystal Growth of Wide Bandgap Materials and Oxides D. W. Snyder, M. A. Fanton, W. J. Everson, T. Bogart, E. Frantz, R. Shanta, D. J. Rearick, M. J. Snyder, V. Heydemann, J.
D. Acord, J. Robinson
43 Interactive Coatings for Nondestructive Evaluation M. J. Kelly, B. M. Gabriel, D. E. Wolfe
44 The Advanced Coating Department at the Applied Research Lab B. Borawski, B. M. Gabriel, J. Lin, M. J. Kelly, D. E. Wolfe
Nanofabrication and MEMS ____________________________________________________ 64 Trolier-McKinstry Research Group S. Trolier-McKinstry
65 Innovative Lubrication Technologies for Micro- & Nano-Scale Devices D. Asay, A. Barnette, E. Hsiao, S. H. Kim
66 Synthesis of Conductive Nanowires with Electrospinning Templates S. Nair, E. Hsiao, S. H. Kim
68 Methods of Nanowhisker Growth in Metallic Materials C. Bomberger, E. R. Ryba
Structural Materials/Composites _________________________________________________ 45 Methods to Improve the Strength and Durability of pMDI Bonded Wood Composite Panels T. Ruffing, N. R. Brown, V. Yadama
46 Viscoelastic Properties of Cellulose-Chitin Biocomposite B. S. Gupta, N. R. Brown, J. M. Catchmark
Materials Day 2008
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Structural Materials/Composites (continued) _______________________________________ 47 Ben Franklin Center of Excellence in Structural Health Monitoring C. J. Lissenden, E. C. Smith
48 Structural Health Monitoring with Ultrasonic Guided Waves C. J. Lissenden, J. L. Rose
80 Polymer/Inorganic Nanocomposites and Polymer Nanostructures E. Manias
Materials Day 2008
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**Poster numbers 1 through 9 have been intentionally omitted**
Poster 10 ____________________________________________________________________ A New Tool for X-ray Diffraction at PSU MCL M. S. Angelone
Abstract: The new Rigaku Instruments D-MAX RAPID XRD system features micro-collimated optics and a large cylindrical image
plate detector to apply the techniques of materials characterization by XRD to microareas and microquantity specimens. Transmission
and reflection experiments are conducted on polymers, powders, tiny single crystals, films and aggregates. Rapid area detection
permits time resolved experiments in short cycles, single scan assessments of orientation, single crystal data collection and analysis,
powder like data from single crystals, determination of spatial variation of properties and more.
Poster 11 ____________________________________________________________________ Investigation on Enzymatic Degradation of Purified Cellulose Y. Hu, J. M. Catchmark, N. R. Brown
Abstract: Purified cellulose gained from bacterial cellulose has an assembly of ultramicrofibrils. It has a high-molecular weight (~500
000 Da) with a narrow molecular-weight distribution (Klechkovskava et al., 2003) and a considerable number of carbon sources.
Seven selected enzymes and their combinations were investigated in this research to expose the enzymatic degradability of purified
cellulose. HPLC data and camera photos showed that most of selected enzymes can decompose the purified celluloses during the
specific period; however, only several enzymes and their combinations could have higher degrading effectiveness and longer
enzymatic lifetime.
Poster 12 ____________________________________________________________________ Materials Characterization with X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy Y. Chen
Abstract: X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy is an element specific technique which measures the local coordination
structure around a specific element of interest. It provides detailed atomic level structural information including bond distances, ligand
identity, and coordination number, as well as oxidation state and coordination symmetry. It can be applied to virtually any system with
short-range order, and is particularly useful to nano materials, clusters, solutions, organometallic compounds without having to grow
crystal, and reaction systems. With theoretical advancement in the past decade or so, this technique has attracted more and more
researchers from industry, academia, and national labs. Two examples are given in the poster: in situ studies of Rh catalyzed hydrogen
production, and a homogeneous catalytic production of terephthalic acid from p-xylene in supercritical water.
Poster 13 ____________________________________________________________________ Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Applications at Penn State T. E. Clark, J. Kulik, J. J. Maier
Abstract: The focused ion beam (FIB) microscope is used for a variety of applications and degree programs here at Penn State. Some
examples include the ability to mill trenches, lattices of holes, waveguides, and TEM specimens or deposit contacts, vias, and pillars.
The FIB is also equipped with a micro-probe with which one can manipulate nanoparticles or electrically test and strain small (~500
nm) regions of interest. If you may need the FIB for your research or would just like to learn more about its capabilities, please stop
by.
URL: http://www.mri.psu.edu/facilities/mcl/techniques/FIB.asp
Poster 14 ____________________________________________________________________ Center for the Study of Polymeric Systems C. Colina, R. P. Danner
Abstract: CSPS comprises professionals with expertise in polymer engineering and science, and laboratories equipped for carrying
out a diverse range of polymer studies. In response to the needs expressed by the polymer industry, Center personnel have investigated
many different aspects of polymeric systems research. The experimental, modeling, and theoretical activities of the Center are of
interest to scientists and engineers involved in the design, control, and operation of numerous polymer processes including the
production of films, coating, paints, membranes, foams, composites, polymer reactors, and polymer devolatilization. Additionally, the
Center has a team that has broad experience and a strong track record in the synthesis, characterization, modeling, and processing of
ion-containing polymers. Polymers that can form complex structures and morphologies through ionic interactions are crucial to the
processes of life and are an intrinsic part of the natural world.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 15 ____________________________________________________________________ Gas Adsorption in Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity G. Larsen, C. Colina
Abstract: Nanostructured materials have unusual mechanical, electrical and optical properties and are becoming increasingly
important for energy storage. A variety of materials, such as zeolites, metal organic frameworks, hypercrosslinked polymers, etc., have
recently been explored for energy storage.Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosisity (PIMs) are macromolecules that form nanoporous
materials that are rigid at a nanometer length scale, but can be flexible at a macroscopic scale. PIMs offer an interesting alternative to
the materials mentioned above, as the functionality can be directly embedded in the material framework, allowing for intrinsic control
in adsorptive properties by the PIM and flexibility in alternate adsorption applications. (i.e., H2 storage). The design of optimal
nanostructures requires a more fundamental understanding of structure/property relations obtained from select experiments and
simulations. In this work, we present our recent efforts to study PIMs.
Poster 16 ____________________________________________________________________ Characterization of Materials for Energy Technologies: The MCL Surface and Optical Group J. Stapleton, V. Bojan, T. Daniel, J. Stitt, B. Liu
Abstract: The mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties of many materials are often dictated by the composition and structure of
its surface. As the next generation of materials for energy technologies is developed, an understanding of how the surface properties
influence overall performance is key to driving these systems. Correspondingly, a material's response in the ultraviolet, visible, and
infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum can provide critical insight into understanding its electronic and chemical structure.
The Surface and Optical Characterization Group at MCL is a fully staffed analytical laboratory that offers researchers convenient and
affordable access to a wide range of state-of-the-art optical and surface analysis instrumentation.
URL: http://www.mri.psu.edu/facilities/mcl/techniques.asp
Poster 17 ____________________________________________________________________ The MCL Surface and Optical Characterization Group J. Stapleton, V. Bojan, T. Daniel, J. Stitt, B. Liu
Abstract: The Materials Characterization Lab (MCL) is a fully staffed analytical laboratory at Penn State's Materials Research
Institute that offers researchers convenient and affordable access to a wide range of state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation. More
than twenty technical staff members in three locations on campus provide hands-on training for users, assist with sample analysis, and
interact with the materials community at Penn State, at other universities, and from industry. The Surface and Optical Characterization
Group within MCL has recently received over $500,000 in new equipment and upgrades. Current capabilities include: Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), micro-Raman Spectroscopy, UV-Vis-NIR (micro/macro), Near-Field Scanning Optical
Microscopy (NSOM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Optical Profilometry, and
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Stop by and learn how these techniques can be applied to your research.
URL: http://www.mri.psu.edu/facilities/mcl/techniques.asp
Poster 18 ____________________________________________________________________ Deposition and Characterization of Vanadium Oxide Thin Films for Use in Infrared Detection B. D. Gauntt, E. C. Dickey
Abstract: Microbolometers are infrared detection devices that absorb incident radiation by heating up. The temperature change causes
a change in the resistivity of the material which is detected and converted to image intensity. These devices require a material with a
large thermal coefficient of resistivity (TCR). A material of particular interest due to its large thermal coefficient of resistivity is
vanadium oxide. A series of vanadium oxide thin films have been deposited via pulsed DC sputtering, varying both the partial
pressure of oxygen and the total pressure in the sputtering chamber. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy was used to determine the
stoichiometry of the films, which range in their O:V ratio from 0.7 to 2.5, spanning the equilibrium phase diagram from metallic V to
V2O5. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine both the structure and the phase of the resulting material. The
films exhibited a transition from nanocrystalline growth to amorphous growth with increasing oxygen partial pressure. Room
temperature resistivity measurements show a monotonic increase in resistivity with increasing oxygen content. These results suggest a
gradual increase in the film disorder which corresponds with an increase in the room temperature resistivity. Both the increase in
oxygen content of the material, and the increase in disorder can be used to tailor these thin films to exhibit the desired electrical
properties.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 19 ____________________________________________________________________ Growth Kinetics and Characterization of Anodic Bi-layer Tantalum Oxide Thin Films J. D. Ray Sloppy, N. J. Podraza, E. C. Dickey, D. D. Macdonald
Abstract: The growth of tantalum oxide by the electrochemical process of anodic oxidation is industrially significant due to its use in
manufacturing electrolytic capacitors. The oxide forms as a bi-layer structure when phosphoric acid is used as the anodizing
electrolyte. The inner layer forms at the metal/oxide interface and is purely tantalum oxide, the outer layer of oxide, however, contains
incorporated phosphorus. While the growth laws for the resultant oxide structure have been widely studied, the growth laws for the
separate layers are lacking. A point defect model (PDM) has been used to describe the formation and steady state of passive films. In
this particular case, oxide forms at the metal/oxide interface via the injection of oxygen vacancies; simultaneously, growth occurs as
the oxide/electrolyte interface by the migration of tantalum interstitials. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), micro-reflectance Fourier-
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging are used to characterize the bi-layer
structure of the oxide. An impedance expression for the PDM is optimized to electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) in order to
determine kinetic rate constants of the point defect reactions and the physical properties of the oxide.
Poster 20 ____________________________________________________________________ MEMS Based Testing of Nano and Bio Materials A. Haque
Abstract: We present experimental techniques and results on a wide variety of nano and bio materials using MEMS Devices.
Poster 21 ____________________________________________________________________ Investigating the Properties of Powders and Parts: Thermal Analysis, Hardness Testing, Density, Particle
Size, Surface Area, Scanning Electron Microscopy D. Heaney, K. Cowan
Abstract: Capabilities for investigating properties of powders and solids are offered at CISP (Center for Innovative Sintered Products)
on campus at 136 Research West. Tests are run by trained staff with most results reported in one week turn-around time. Some of the
tests performed include thermal analysis (DSC/DTA/TGA, dilatometry, thermal conductivity) in a wide variety of atmospheres
including hydrogen, argon and nitrogen. Density/porosity, hardness (Rockwell or microhardness), particle size, surface area, scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are available.
Poster 22 ____________________________________________________________________ Transmission Electron Microscopy at the Materials Research Institute J. Kulik, T. E. Clark, J. J. Maier, E. C. Dickey
Abstract: The Materials Characterization Lab at Penn State's Materials Research Institute includes among its instrumentation three
transmission electron microscopes. Each is capable of sub-nanometer resolution, and each has an x-ray energy dispersive spectrometer
for semi-quantitative elemental analysis. Included among the capabilities of these instruments are energy filtered imaging, energy
filtered diffraction, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. One of the instruments is equipped with a field-emission gun and is capable
of forming a sub-nanometer sized electron probe for use in scanning TEM (STEM). Examples of typical characterization analyses are
presented.
Poster 23 ____________________________________________________________________ Particle and Thermal Characterization Capabilities at MCL R. I. Malek, M. N. Salama, E. C. Dickey
Abstract: Particle and thermal characterization capabilities at MCL/MRI include an array of exquisite instruments for a variety of
applications. They serve Penn State, other universities, and industries. Particle sizing includes a spectrum of sizes and techniques:
laser diffraction, light scattering, sedimentation, counting, acoustophoresis. Surface charge includes microelectrophoresis, PALS,
electroacoustophoresis. Other instruments include rheometry, liquid tensiometry, liquid densitometry, helium pycnometry. Thermal
analysis includes TGA/MS for identification and quantification of decomposed materials, and simultaneous TGA/DTA/DSC for
identification of phase transition, nucleation, and crystallization. The lab contains a surface area/ porosimetry analyzer for surface
characterization, geometrical pore structure, heats of adsorption. The analyzer is used for hydrogen adsorption on hydrogen storage
materials. The lab contains the AutoChem catalysts/metal dispersion analyzer with many applications, such as heat of desorption.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 24 ____________________________________________________________________ The Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science: Interdisciplinary Research, and Educational and Industrial
Outreach Activities A. A. Hill, Z. Medina Torres, R. D. Redwing, V. H. Crespi, T. E. Mallouk
Abstract: The interdisciplinary field of nanotechnology has allowed technical advances by the production of systems and devices that
have distinctive properties because of their nano-scale size. The Pennsylvania State Center for Nanoscale Science is a Materials
Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) funded by the National Science Foundation. The Center has four
Interdisciplinary Research Groups: Chemical Patterning and Nano Structures, Molecular and Nanoscale Motors, Electrons in
Restricted Geometries, and Optical Metamaterials. Despite the interest and financial support that the U.S. government has made to
furthering nanotechnology, many Americans are unfamiliar with the field. To engage a variety of audiences in learning about
nanotechnology, the faculty, staff, and students in MRSEC participate in a broad range of educational outreach activities. The Center
also integrates science and engineering with industry through research collaborations, workshops, and technology transfer.
Poster 25 ____________________________________________________________________ Characterization and Properties of Structured Waters M. Rao, T. Slawecki, M. R. Hoover, R. Roy
Abstract: A new focus on the structure, rather than the chemistry, of water reveals a possible underlying explanation for the actions of
ultradilute therapeutic colloidal silver and homeopathic remedies, of energetically "imprinted" waters, and of new corrosive or
combustible waters. Sedlmayr microwave distillation and Kanzius RF fields have generated waters with unexpected properties. That
10-8 eV RF photons can break 5 eV OH bonds to combust saltwater using no electrodes is of great scientific importance. We are now
the leading university on this research front. We present spectroscopic data of these different waters and their relevance to the fields of
medicine, energy and materials. A nanoheterogenious model for water structure and properties is proposed.
URL: http://www.personal.psu.edu/tms9/water.html
Poster 26 ____________________________________________________________________ Novel Hard Metals Based on Encapsulated Particles I. Smid, D. Cunningham, E. Byrne
Abstract: Materials based on tough coated hard particles are a new microstructure designed to offer superior performance in cutting
tools, wear components and forming dies. Control of the sintered microstructure is critical to tailor and promote optimal property
combinations. If preserved into the final densified microstructure, the coated hard particles will lead to new performance levels.
Poster 27 ____________________________________________________________________ Structure Comparison of Co-Crystallized 6- and 12-Sided Large Cancrinite Crystals D. E. W. Vaughan, H. P. Yennawar, A. J. Perrotta
Abstract: Single crystals of hexagonal and dihexagonal morphology CAN, crystallized in the same batch reaction, have been
characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Although the unit cell values are almost identical, Si-O bond lengths are greater for the
dihexagonal form (1.650 Å vs 1.624 Å) and the Al-O bond lengths are shorter (1.710 Å vs 1.724 Å), possibly indicating greater T-site
Si-Al disorder in the dihexagonal form. In addition to forming homogeneous single crystals, the dihexagonal form frequently occurs as
an overgrowth on hexagonal crystals, indicating that it results from a secondary, probably rapid, crystallization, resulting in greater T-
site disorder.
Poster 28 ____________________________________________________________________ Characterization of Structure and Chemistry of Films and Nanostructures Using Conventional TEM and
Analytical Electron Microscopy X. Weng, R. Burke, J. D. Acord, M. A. Fanton, O. Maksimov, V. Heydemann, D. W. Snyder, E. C. Dickey, J. M. Redwing
Abstract: Conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) were employed to
characterize the structure and chemistry of a variety of materials including nitride semiconductor thin films, oxide films, bulk SiC
films, and semiconductor nanowires (NWs). The types and density of threading dislocations in III-nitride thin films were determined
using diffraction contrast CTEM. Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) combined with JEMS simulation was used to
determine the polarity of nitride films. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) was utilized for the examination of interfaces and the nature
of defects. A combination of HRTEM and electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) was used to reveal the chemistry of interface
layers. Scanning TEM (STEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS) line profiles, and selected area diffraction (SAD) were
constantly used to investigate the microstructure and composition of semiconductor NWs and catalysts.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 30 ____________________________________________________________________ Microwave Processing of Ceramics, Semiconductors, Composites and Metallic Materials: Developments at
Microwave Processing and Engineering Center D. Agrawal, J. Cheng, R. Roy
Abstract: MPEC is a leading research center in the microwave materials processing field. For over two decades we have worked on
many materials including ceramics, composites, semiconductors, metallic materials, hydrocarbons, etc. Various kinds of microwave
systems were designed and built to enable us to process materials of various kinds, shapes and sizes in the temperature range of 100 to
2500 °C and in control atmosphere. In order to understand the science of microwave-matter interactions, we have processed a variety
of materials in separate E and H fields at 2.45 GHz. It was observed that many magnetic materials and certain oxides become de-
crystallized in a few seconds when exposed to microwave H-field. This has opened an entirely new area to study the effect of field
separation on materials processing. Recently, we have entered in the microwave application to cracking of hydrocarbons to produce
oil and natural gases from unconventional sources.
URL: http://www.mri.psu.edu/centers/mpec
Poster 31 ____________________________________________________________________ Inverse Gas Chromatography Applied to Diffusivity of Gases and Solvents in Polymers I. Balashova, R. P. Danner
Abstract: Inverse gas chromatography is a valuable tool for the determination of solubility and diffusivity of gases and solvents in
polymers. It has been applied to infinitely dilute solvents as well as in the finite concentration range. Experiments have been
performed for ternary polymer-solvent-solvent systems and for high pressure gases. These kinds of data are particularly valuable for
extrusion, drying, and devolatilization processes.
URL: http://polymercenter.cheme.psu.edu/
Poster 32 ____________________________________________________________________ Prototype Fabrication of Aspheric and Conformal Optics W. J. Everson, J. A. Randi, E. J. Oslosky, R. D. Gamble, G. M. Goda
Abstract: Prototype optical components are currently being ground at the Pennsylvania State University Electro-Optics Center
through the use of a Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) grinding machine. A Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) program
(MasterCAM) is used to generate the required tool path. An Optipro Ultra form (UFF) polishing machine has recently been added to
enable finishing of complex shapes. The UFF employs sub aperture polishing technology. Our current process for polishing involves
calculating removal based on the time that the tool remains in one place or dwell time. These features are not compatible with
packages such as MasterCAM and therefore require that a set of polishing algorithms be developed. This poster will discuss the
current efforts at the EOC to develop capabilities to prototype complex optics.
Poster 33 ____________________________________________________________________ Synthesis of Nanophase Magnetic Materials by Microwave-Hydrothermal Process: Sintering and Properties S. Komarneni, Q. Lu, F. Gao, S. R. Murthy
Abstract: Microwave-hydrothermal (M-H) process was used to synthesize lead oxide and tantalum oxide added Mg-Cu-Zn ferrites
and Ni0.5-xCuxZn0.5Fe2O4 (x=0, 4, 6, 8 or 12mol%) ferrites. The synthesized ferrite powders were characterized by powder X-ray
diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nanophase ferrites (~10-60 nm) with high surface area were
synthesized at a temperature of 160 °C in 1 h. The nanopowders were sintered at 900 °C/4 h in air atmosphere. The variations of the
sintered density, saturation magnetization and other properties with dopant concentration have been investigated. The doped and
sintered magnetic materials are expected to be useful for high frequency applications.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 34 ____________________________________________________________________ Center for Computational Materials Design Z.-K. Liu
Abstract: The Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Computational Materials Design (CCMD) aims to promote a new
paradigm of materials research and development based on the design of materials to satisfy multifunctional performance requirements
using state-of-the-art methodologies in computational materials science and information technology. The CCMD aspires to promote
research programs of interest to both industry and university, to educate a new generation of scientists and engineers with a broad,
industrially oriented perspective on engineering research and practice, to enhance the infrastructure of computational materials
research in the nation, to explore and extend the interface between engineering systems design, information technology and physics-
based simulation of process-structure and structure-property relations of materials, and to improve the intellectual capacity of the
workforce.
URL: http://www.ccmd.psu.edu/
Poster 35 ____________________________________________________________________ Phase Research Laboratory M. Mantina
Abstract: Phases Research Lab focuses on creation of new knowledge through publications in peer-reviewed journals and patents (see
publication list on our web site). Our research concentrates on determining structures and properties of inorganic materials such as
alloys, perovskites, and superconductors through first-principles calculations, statistic mechanics, computational modeling, and
critically designed experiments.
URL: http://phases.psu.edu/
Poster 36 ____________________________________________________________________ Formation of a Nano Scale Carbon Layer on Glass: Synthesis and Characterization H. Lee, J. Robinson, R. Rajagopalan, C. Pantano
Abstract: To modify and enhance the surface properties of glass, nanoscale carbon layers are formed on glass by using spin coating
and pyrolysis of polymers. As organic precursors, polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA), coal-tar pitch (CTP), and Novalak-based photoresist
were employed, and the properties of the carbon coating were characterized by ellipsometry, optical profilometry, water contact angle,
confocal Raman spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy and AFM. The results reveal that up to 97% transparent, ultra thin carbon
layers (3-4 nm thick) with graphitic structure could be formed with a RMS roughness less than ~0.3 nm. This carbon layer modified
the otherwise hydrophilic surface of the glass to yield a water contact angle increased up to 85°. The electrical and barrier properties
of this carbon coated glass are also of interest.
Poster 37 ____________________________________________________________________ Glass Surfaces, Interfaces and Coatings C. Pantano, J. Banerjee, A. Mendoza, J. Rygel, R. Schaut, N. Smith
Abstract: The majority of new and emerging applications for glasses require surface treatment or coating. In biotechnology,
molecular and polymer coatings of various kinds are required. For flat panel display and energy technologies, the glass surface is a
substrate for electronic and integrated optical materials of all types, some deposited from vapor and some from solution. For
lightweight structural materials and numerous consumer products, fiberglass is treated with multi-functional polymer-based coatings
for protection or adhesion. In all cases, the glass surface energy, surface charge, adsorptivity, cleanliness, nano/micro-texture,
chemical durability and surface mechanical properties play critical roles in the coating process and the performance of the final
product. Our work is focused on understanding and engineering these features of glass surfaces and interfaces as a function of the
glass composition, and its processing or manufacture.
URL: http://www.mri.psu.edu/faculty/pantano/
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 38 ____________________________________________________________________ A Novel Type of Ceramic Hard Coatings Based on Materials With Eutectic Microstructure A. V. Polotai, E. C. Dickey, K. Meinert
Abstract: Directionally solidified boride eutectics are low-density composite materials with advanced properties. These properties
come from the unique lamella-type microstructure, which contains a large density of clean interfaces between B4C matrix and TiB2 or
SiC lamella phases. In general these materials have excellent thermal stability, high hardness, enhanced fracture toughness and good
wear resistance, which make them attractive candidates for a variety of applications. This report presents the results of a novel
approach for the synthesis of directionally solidified surface B4C-TiB2 and B4C-SiC eutectic layers using laser energy applied to the
surface of hot-pressed dense substrates. The effect of the processing conditions such as laser power, laser scan rate as well as back-
heating temperature has been evaluated to optimize the eutectic microstructure and mechanical properties.
Poster 39 ____________________________________________________________________ Nano-Engineered Encapsulated Particles for the Creation of Self-Lubricating Coatings A. Segall, I. Smid, T. Eden, J. Weyant, J. Potter
Abstract: The creation of self-lubricating coatings by entrapment of solid lubricant particles within a metallic matrix has been a major
topic of interest in recent years, because such coatings would significantly extend the service life of high performance machines.
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has been incorporated into a nickel matrix through cold spray deposition. The hBN powder was
successfully nickel coated through an electroless process to create the feedstock for cold spraying.
Poster 40 ____________________________________________________________________ Chemical Synthesis of Metallurgical Nano/Micro Powders and Shape Controlled Nanocrystals R. E. Schaak
Abstract: Chemical synthesis offers an intriguing approach for fabricating powdered nano/micro metals. By controlling the reaction
conditions, powders can be precipitated from solution, and these powders can be engineered to have desirable morphological features.
This presentation details our efforts at generating metallurgical nano/micro powders and shape-controlled nanocrystals using low-
temperature solution chemistry strategies. Highlights demonstrate (a) the ability to generate nano/micro powders from the "bottom
up", (b) low-temperature reactivity, diffusion, and sintering facilitated by small particle sizes, (c) routine generation of non-
equilibrium solids as bulk powders, (d) solution-based materials processing capabilities, and (e) the ability to engineer complex
morphologies into nanoscale powders of multi-element solids. Target materials include superconductors, shape memory alloys,
magnets, battery electrodes, hydrogen storage materials, and electronic and optical materials.
Poster 41 ____________________________________________________________________ Nanoscale Inorganic Materials in the Schaak Group: Green Chemistry, Catalysis, Biotemplating,
Superconductors, Nanowires, and Exotic Nanocrystals R. E. Schaak
Abstract: The Schaak group focuses on developing new strategies for synthesizing complex nanoscale inorganic materials using
simple benchtop chemistry techniques, focusing on technologically-relevant systems that are often overlooked by researchers using
related synthetic approaches. We routinely generate nanocrystals with controllable compositions, structures, shapes, and sizes in a
variety of important materials classes, including metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds, oxides, sulfides, phosphides, and borides
with applications in catalysis, electronics, magnetism, and optics. This presentation will focus on a selection of current research topics
in the Schaak group, including metallurgical synthesis in a beaker using edible oils as recyclable solvents, nanoparticle catalysts
relevant to energy and pharmaceuticals, biotemplating, nanostructured superconductors with enhanced critical fields, striped metal
nanowires, and the design and synthesis of exotic shape-controlled nanocrystals.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 42 ____________________________________________________________________ Bulk and Thin Film Crystal Growth of Wide Bandgap Materials and Oxides D. W. Snyder, M. A. Fanton, W. J. Everson, T. Bogart, E. Frantz, R. Shanta, D. J. Rearick, M. J. Snyder, V. Heydemann, J. D. Acord,
J. Robinson
Abstract: The Penn State Electro-Optics Materials Division has developed a wide range of specialized capabilities for growth of bulk
and thin-film wide bandgap materials and oxide crystal materials for electronic, optical and electro-optic device applications. These
capabilities are used for both internal research projects as well as to support industrial entities in the Electro-Optics Alliance. This
poster describes the techniques available and research programs currently underway in bulk and thin film crystal growth. Examples of
bulk crystal growth techniques include halide chemical vapor deposition (HCVD) for SiC, AlN and AlGaN, physical vapor transport
(PVT) for SiC and AlN, Czochralski growth of YCOB and LGN, and SSR of LSO. Thin film crystal growth techniques include
molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of III-Nitrides and oxides, chemical vapor deposition of SiC, AlN, BST, ZrB2, and diamond, and
sublimation and deposition of graphene.
Poster 43 ____________________________________________________________________ Interactive Coatings for Nondestructive Evaluation M. J. Kelly, B. M. Gabriel, D. E. Wolfe
Abstract: Damage or failure of a protective film or coating can make the substrate vulnerable to corrosion and mechanical
degradation. Passive monitoring of coating integrity and performance is often impossible do to the accessibility of the coated
component and the difficulty in visually distinguishing severe coating damage from minor damage. Our current research includes
embedding luminescent materials for health sensing into various paint and primer systems. By varying the depth and the
electromagnetic stimulation, interaction, and emission wavelengths of the luminescent dopants the adhesion, uniformity and damage
caused by sources such as impact, abrasion, erosion, corrosion can be quantitatively assessed with greater accuracy and in less time
than visual inspection.
Poster 44 ____________________________________________________________________ The Advanced Coating Department at the Applied Research Lab B. Borawski, B. M. Gabriel, J. Lin, M. J. Kelly, D. E. Wolfe
Abstract: The ARL Advanced Coating Department focuses on deposition, characterization, and evaluation of coatings for a wide
range of applications. Current research includes characterization and deposition of multi-layer coatings for erosion resistance,
calcium-magnesium-aluminum-silicate (CMAS) glass resistant thermal barrier coatings, high temperature corrosion and oxidation of
turbine engine components and coatings, and smart coatings with embedded luminescent materials for non-destructive evaluation.
Coating evaluation techniques include high temperature corrosion and oxidation in controlled humidity and environment, sliding wear,
angle adjustable and variable speed hard particle erosion, and software aided microstructural evaluation. In addition to coating
evaluation techniques the department is capable of depositing coatings for high temperature applications using cathodic arc, sputtering
and evaporation.
URL: http://www.arl.psu.edu/capabilities/mm_matproc_advcoat.html
Poster 45 ____________________________________________________________________ Methods to Improve the Strength and Durability of pMDI Bonded Wood Composite Panels T. Ruffing, N. R. Brown, V. Yadama
Abstract: Oriented strand board (OSB) is an important engineered wood product. The objective of the first phase of the project was to
determine the effects of varying 2-4 to 4-4 isomer content of diphenylmethane diisocyanate resin on the strength of OSB panels.
Results showed a statistically significant increase in the internal bond strength of panels with increasing 4-4 content. Results also
showed no significant changes in the other physical or mechanical properties of boards. Phase 2 investigated the effect of adding
varying concentrations of a maleated polypropylene (MAPP) copolymer to OSB panels. We hypothesized that addition of small
amounts of MAPP would improve the moisture sorption characteristics and dimensional stability of OSB panels. Results showed
decreases in several key mechanical and physical properties with increasing MAPP content.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 46 ____________________________________________________________________ Viscoelastic Properties of Cellulose-Chitin Biocomposite B. S. Gupta, N. R. Brown, J. M. Catchmark
Abstract: Celluloses and chitins are the two most abundant natural polymers on earth. Increasing importance of these polymers as
reusable, biodegradable, non-toxic materials have attracted interests to use chitin as reinforcements. Improving the viscoelastic
properties of cellulose film with chitin can tailor potency for paper and biomedical applications. The objective of this research is to
evaluate the dynamic mechanical properties of the cellulose chitin composites at different weight fraction of the fibers. Dynamic
mechanical analysis (DMA) is a very powerful technique to characterize the mechanical properties, molecular motions and
morphology of polymers. Chitin has been added at a weight fraction of 25%, 50% and 75% to microcrystalline cellulose. The effect of
component distribution at different levels has been evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. DMA study revealed that chitin has
higher modulus than cellulose.
Poster 47 ____________________________________________________________________ Ben Franklin Center of Excellence in Structural Health Monitoring C. J. Lissenden, E. C. Smith
Abstract: Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is continuous or regular monitoring of the condition of a structure or system using
built-in or autonomous sensory systems, and any resultant intervention to preserve structural integrity. The strength of the Ben
Franklin Center of Excellence in SHM at Penn State is that it is multidisciplinary, spanning five engineering departments and the
Applied Research Lab. Fields of application include aerospace, mechanical equipment, and civil infrastructure. We aim to advance the
state-of-the-art in SHM to improve public safety, reduce maintenance costs, improve readiness, and foster a paradigm shift in design
by leveraging and fostering collaborative R&D efforts between academia, industry, and government entities. We research and develop
new SHM technologies; transfer them to member companies; will make PA a hotspot for SHM; and train students to provide an
outstanding workforce pool in SHM technology areas.
URL: http://www.esm.psu.edu/shm
Poster 48 ____________________________________________________________________ Structural Health Monitoring with Ultrasonic Guided Waves C. J. Lissenden, J. L. Rose
Abstract: Ultrasonic guided waves are a wonderful tool for structural health monitoring because they can propagate over long
distances and are sensitive to a variety of damage modes, including for example corrosion, fatigue cracking, adhesive disbonds,
delaminations, and loose rivets. Applications range from aircraft to pipelines to mechanical equipment and beyond. The wave guide
material can be steel, aluminum, composite, or more exotic. The key to success in structural health monitoring with guided waves is to
understand the underlying wave mechanics, especially the interaction of stress waves with material damage. We present an overview
of our theoretically based experimental program and give examples from current research.
Poster 50 ____________________________________________________________________ Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications T. Morgan, E. Altinoglu, A. Tabakovic, T. Russin, H. S. Muddanas, T. Tabouillot, P. C. Eklund, P. J. Butler, A. Sharma, G.
Robertson, M. Kester, J. H. Adair
Abstract: Bioimaging using nanoparticles is an area of intense research. Furthermore, understanding the colloidal and photophysical
properties of nanoparticulate systems is of great interest for further developing the technologies. Many of the current systems have
significant shortcomings in terms of toxicity and/or commercial viability. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CP) are a promising
alternative that can be used for organic-fluorescent capture and bioimaging. The bioresorbable CP nanocolloids can also be used to
deliver drugs and, indeed, be used for both drug delivery and bioimaging providing the unprecedented ability to simultaneously and
dynamically seek, treat, and track human disease in a bioresorbable nanoplatform technology. As a biomineral CP safely biodistributes
and any dissolved material can easily be absorbed. The pH dependent solubility of CP provides an advantage in the delivery of
multifunctional drugs, fluorescent dyes, or other organic cargo, to cells. Fluorescent dyes can be used as a tracking device for the state
of the particle, and give an indication of cargo delivery, while the CP matrix can serve to protect the cargo in vivo until it has reached
its destination at the cellular level.
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Poster 51 ____________________________________________________________________ Nanoparticulate-Enabled Manufacturing of Ceramic Components for the Next Generation of Surgical
Instruments G. Hayes, N. Antolino, M. Aguirre, R. Kirkpatrick, C. Muhlstein, E. Mockenstrum, M. Frecker, A. J. Snyder, R. Haluck, J. H. Adair
Abstract: In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), procedures are performed using small instruments (1-5 mm in diameter) inserted
through small incisions. The benefits of MIS include reduced surgical trauma, shorter hospital stays, reduced postoperative use of
narcotics, and more rapid return to full activity. There is also a need for order of magnitude smaller and more versatile instruments in
some surgical applications. However, the surgical instrument industry has reached the limit of what can be done with conventional
materials and manufacturing methods. There is a need for new technology that will overcome the barriers associated with the physical
properties of traditional materials and existing manufacturing techniques. The processing of micron scale ceramic parts for various
applications, including medical instruments, has been investigated. Structural and functional integrity in the micron regime relies
heavily on the grain size of the material. Small grain size allows both increased strength and facilitates small, complex mold filling.
The manufacturing of molds on the micron scale was achievable using a modified lithography technique. In this work, well dispersed
yttria stabilized zirconia at 45 vol% was gel-cast into SU-8 25 (MicroChem) photoresist molds. Upon sintering of these filled molds,
free standing, dense, ceramic parts were obtained. Future work includes the expansion of this process to true 3D processing and to
incorporate a range of materials including metals.
Poster 52 ____________________________________________________________________ Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidic Devices for Cell Assays Fabricated from Tape-Based Master Molds M. F. Santillo, M. L. Heien, A. G. Ewing
Abstract: Microfluidic devices are a popular tool for culturing and performing assays on single cells. Microfluidic systems are
commonly fabricated by casting poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), an inexpensive, transparent, and biocompatible polymer, onto
photolithographically-defined master molds. We show an alternative scheme in which microfluidic systems containing features on the
order of few hundred microns can be molded from hand-cut tape instead of ones composed of lithographically-patterned photoresist.
Using tape, high aspect-ratio and multi-level features can be made in PDMS, which is easier, faster, and cheaper compared to
photolithography. We show the utility of these tape-molded microfluidic platforms for mixing fluids on the microscale, quantifying
cell adhesion, and comparing the effects of detergents and lysis agents on liposomes, an artificial cell model.
Poster 53 ____________________________________________________________________ Dopant-Induced Dislocation Inclination and Tensile Stress Generation in AlGaN I. C. Manning, J. D. Acord, M. A. Fanton, D. W. Snyder, X. Weng, J. M. Redwing
Abstract: In this study, in situ stress measurements based on variations in wafer curvature were used to directly measure changes in
film stress associated with Si doping in AlxGa1-xN (x~0.37) layers grown by MOCVD on 6H SiC substrates. The effects of dopant
concentration, and the thickness of underlying, nominally undoped AlxGa1-xN layers on stress evolution were investigated.
Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of samples in cross-section and identify the type and
inclination angle of threading dislocations (TDs). The results were interpreted in terms of the dislocation effective climb model, which
quantitatively predicts a direct relationship between the degree of inclination of the TDs and the magnitude of the biaxial stresses
within the films.
Poster 54 ____________________________________________________________________ Microwave Melt Growth of ZnO Crystals J. Cheng, Y. Zhang, R. Guo
Abstract: A novel approach for fabricating ZnO crystals using self-encapsulated microwave melt growth technique is developed,
which permits idealized temperature profile for the nucleation of the ZnO crystals and their growth in a contamination-free
environment. This paper reports that both un-doped ZnO and p-type doped ZnO (by P or Li:N doping) single crystals were
successfully fabricated by this technique. The as-grown ZnO crystals were of light brown to clear in color depending on processing
conditions. Their transparency and colorless form were restored after post-growth annealing in oxygen.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 55 ____________________________________________________________________ Effect of Nitrogen on Deposition Rate, Surface Morphology and Crystalline Quality of (100), (111) and
Polycrystalline Diamond Films by MPCVD M. Bresnehan, R. Cavalero, M. A. Fanton, D. W. Snyder
Abstract: As large area single crystal diamond substrates become available, there is increasing interest in diamond electronics and
sensors for a range of applications including high temperature diodes and neutron detectors. For such applications, thick films of
diamond are required. In this study we investigated the effects of process parameters (pressure, temperature, methane concentration,
methane flowrate and microwave plasma power) on deposition rate. We also studied the addition of small amounts of nitrogen over a
gas phase concentration range from 0-300 ppm. Nitrogen was found to increase the deposition rate by 3X at a concentration of 100
ppm for deposition on (100) substrates but had little effect on deposition on (111) or polycrystalline substrates. A discussion of
Raman, X-ray and Nomarski microscopy characterization will be presented in this poster.
Poster 56 ____________________________________________________________________ Integration of BaTiO3 Thin Films with GaN and SiC Semiconductors for Rf and Sensor Applications M. J. Snyder, J. D. Acord, D. J. Rearick, M. A. Fanton, D. W. Snyder, S. Trolier-McKinstry, S. E. Perini, M. T. Lanagan, P. J. Fisher,
P. A. Salvador, M. Skowronski
Abstract: In order to successfully incorporate high quality multifunctional oxide films into high frequency nitride RF device
structures and sensors, a number of technical challenges must be resolved. The most significant challenge is to develop device
fabrication processes that mitigate the chemical and process incompatibility of the carbide, nitride, oxide, and metallic materials that
must be employed in these integrated circuit structures. In this work we are exploring the integration of these material systems by
taking an "oxide first" approach. Using this method the oxide capacitor structure is deposited on the SiC semiconductor substrate as
the first step in device processing. This leads to two key challenges that must be addressed. The first is control of the oxide-SiC and
nitride-SiC interfaces. The second is synthesis of ferroelectric films, such as BaTiO3, that are compatible with the very low PO2
processing environments required for nitride deposition and metallization.
Poster 57 ____________________________________________________________________ Czochralski Growth and Characterization of Piezoelectric Single Crystals of Re:Ca4O(BO3)3 for High
Temperature Sensor Applications E. Frantz, D. W. Snyder, T. Shrout, S. Zhang, Y. Fei, B. H. T. Chai
Abstract: Yttrium Calcium Oxoborate, YCa4O(BO3)3, (YCOB) and Gadolinium Calcium Oxoborate, GdCa4O(BO3)3, (GCOB) are of
interest as their high-temperature piezo-electric properties make them will suited for sensor applications in the range from 600-800 °C.
Single crystal boules of both YCOB and GCOB have been grown at diameters between 15 and 25 mm using the Czochralski method
in a Thermal Technology, Inc. Model 7004CI CZ system. The melting point of these materials was near 1500 °C and a miscibility gap
was observed for growth of YCOB. Room temperature dielectric constant and dielectric loss have been studied as a function of
crystallographic orientation. Temperature characteristics of the piezoelectric resonance frequency and effective coupling were
measured up to 1100 °C. The ability to operate at high temperatures with engineered crystallographic orientations make YCOB and
GCOB ideal candidates for temperature and resonance sensors in harsh environments.
Poster 58 ____________________________________________________________________ Dielectric Composites M. T. Lanagan
Abstract: Composite dielectric materials play important roles in telecommunications, medical and energy applications. For example,
microwave structures made from composites are useful for mobile antennas and MRI imaging inserts. Two types of dielectric
composites will be presented, metamaterials and inorganic/organic composites. Metamaterials are periodic composites with high
permittivity resonators and a low permittivity matrix, and have unique properties such as negative permittivity. Inorganic/organic
composite materials are particularly attractive for pulsed power applications because high energy density can be achieved with
scalable manufacturing processes. The research challenge can be distilled into a single figure-of-merit, energy density, which captures
the vital materials parameters of relative dielectric permittivity and dielectric breakdown strength.
URL: http://www.esm.psu.edu/wiki/research:mxl46:start
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 59 ____________________________________________________________________ Wide Bandgap Electronic Devices and Sensors J. Robinson, J. D. Acord, M. A. Fanton, V. Heydemann, D. W. Snyder, J. M. Redwing, D. E. Wolfe, M. T. Lanagan
Abstract: The Penn State Electro-Optics Center has worked closely with faculty and staff across the materials research community to
identify innovative devices and sensors based on wide bandgap materials including silicon carbide, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride;
and various complex and rare-earth oxides. This initiative has expanded capabilities for the design and processing of devices and
sensors based on these materials. Efforts over the previous year have led to the development of high temperature diodes, high electron
mobility transistors, and interdigitated capacitors. Additionally we have initiated research to develop high sensitivity neutron and
radiation detectors based on SiC, GaN/AlGaN HEMTs, and oxide capacitors. This poster will provide an overview of the efforts to
vertically integrate the crystal growth, surface processing, epitaxy, devices design and fabrication, and reliability/failure analysis for
advanced wide bandgap electronic devices and sensors.
Poster 60 ____________________________________________________________________ Engineered Materials Architectures for Advanced High Frequency Applications E. Semouchkina, V. Tyagi, G. Semouchkin, M. T. Lanagan, A. Baker, A. Webb, R. Mittra
Abstract: We explore new ways to reduce size and enhance functionality of high-frequency devices by integrating complex materials
architectures in their design. This research integrates fundamental study of electromagnetic wave interaction with non-uniform
medium, approbation of new ideas in fabrication complex materials structures, and development of innovative devices vital for
advanced communication systems, sensing, imaging, and energy storage. We demonstrate, in particular, novel solutions for
miniaturized microwave filters, efficient miniature and broadband antennas, sensors for harsh environment, Magnetic Resonance
Imaging systems, as well as all-dielectric negative index metamaterials and 3D dielectric photonic fractals for electromagnetic energy
confinement. Full wave electromagnetic simulations are used for the analysis and the design, and fabrication tools include LTCC-
technology and micro-stereo-lithographic techniques.
Poster 61 ____________________________________________________________________ Cerium Doped Lutetium Based Scintillators for High Resolution Gamma Ray Detectors C. Shanta, D. W. Snyder, S. Kwon, W. Hackenberger
Abstract: Lutetium (Lu) based scintillator materials are of interest for low cost, high resolution, increased standoff, high sensitivity
gamma ray detectors for both homeland security and medical imaging applications. We have produced two specific Lu based
materials for this application; Lu2SiO5 (LSO) and lutetium aluminum garnet, Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) with cerium as the rare earth
luminescent activator at levels from 0.5-4.0%. LuAG, which has a cubic form with a garnet structure is produced using a ceramic
processing technique for transparent polycrystalline Ce:LuAG. For LSO, a monoclinic material, we have developed a solid state
recrystallization (SSR) process in which a fully dense polycrystalline preform is externally contacted with a single crystal LSO seed
and thermally processed for conversion to a single crystal. In this poster we present results on the processing and characterization of
ceramic Ce:LuAG and single crystal SSR Ce:LSO.
Poster 62 ____________________________________________________________________ Soft Electronic Materials and Devices Q. M. Zhang, B. Chu, B. P. Neese, X. Zhou, Y. Wang, S. Liu, M. Lin, Z. Fang, J. H. Lin, Q. Chen, C. Zou, S. Lu
Abstract: The direct and efficient coupling between the electric signals and the elastic, thermal, magnetic, and optic signals in soft
electronic materials make them attractive for a broad range of applications. This poster will present the recent results in our group in
advancing the soft electronic materials and devices for actuators and sensors, energy storage devices, thermal management, and
magnetic sensors.
Poster 63 ____________________________________________________________________ Pulse Excimer Laser Annealing of Ferroelectric Thin Films for MEMS Applications S. S. N. Bharadwaja, R. Akarapu, S. Trolier-McKinstry, H. Beratan, D. Arbuthnot
Abstract: Ferroelectric thin films have a wide range of applications, including pyroelectric detectors, miniaturized piezoelectric
transducers, and tunable microwave devices. However, Pb based ferroelectric thin films require 600 °C as crystallization temperatures
for superior functional properties. Such high crystallization temperatures preclude the processing of pyroelectric detectors directly on
CMOS, as the underlying read-out-integrated-circuitry (ROIC) cannot withstand such high temperatures. Therefore in this paper we
present an alternative way to crystallize ferroelectric layers using a KrF pulsed excimer laser (248 nm) system. The influence of laser
operating parameters, the ambient gas, and the substrate temperature on the crystallization of the PLZT thin films will be presented
with the resulting dielectric, ferroelectric and optical properties along with finite element simulations of heat propagation as well as
the associated temperature distribution across the film.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 64 ____________________________________________________________________ Trolier-McKinstry Research Group S. Trolier-McKinstry
Abstract: This poster details work from the Trolier-McKinstry group on dielectric and piezoelectric thin films and devices, as well as
on fundamental studies on ferroelectrics.
Poster 65 ____________________________________________________________________ Innovative Lubrication Technologies for Micro- & Nano-Scale Devices D. Asay, A. Barnette, E. Hsiao, S. H. Kim
Abstract: Due to large aspect ratios, narrow gaps, and deeply buried interfaces inside of micro- and nano-scale devices like MEMS,
lubricant technologies must coat these surfaces' limited thicknesses. Two methods of lubrication are presented: Vapor-phase
lubrication (VPL) and ionic polymer lubrication (IPL). In VPL, the lubricant molecules are deposited to the surface via adsorption. By
controlling the environmental conditions, the adsorbed lubricant film thickness is sustained. VPL via short chain alcohol molecules is
successful in preventing wear of MEMS. An additional benefit of VLP is tribochemical reactions which form higher order oligmeric
species that help prevent wear. Adsorption isotherms, chain orientation, and packing of linear alcohols on SiOx were studied with
polarized IR reflection spectroscopy. Secondly, IPL has no vapor pressure but can diffuse laterally, "healing" surfaces. The
performance of IPL according to its film thickness and ionic group concentration is discussed.
URL: http://www.che.psu.edu/Faculty/Kim/index.html
Poster 66 ____________________________________________________________________ Synthesis of Conductive Nanowires with Electrospinning Templates S. Nair, E. Hsiao, S. H. Kim
Abstract: Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have a great potential in
the field of flexible electronics, nano-electronics and bio-sensing. PPy is insoluble and infusible in virtually all solvents, preventing
bulk PPy from being processed into useful devices. Electrically conducting composite nanofibers are produced by a two step process.
First, electrospinning is used to synthesize template fibers loaded with oxidants. The template fibers are then exposed to the monomer
vapors which diffuse into the template and react to form conducting polymer fibers. Electrically conducting PPy and PEDOT
nanofibers were produced from PEO or PS templates. The effect of ferric chloride and ferric toluenesulfonate as oxidants was also
investigated. Different diffusion behaviors as well as electrical conductivity was observed to depend on the core template polymer, the
oxidant used, and the conductive polymer studied.
Poster 67 ____________________________________________________________________ Calculation of the Lattice Parameters of Beta-Titanium-Aluminum-Ruthenium Solid Solution Alloys S. Rajsiri, E. R. Ryba
Abstract: In preparation for high temperature x-ray diffraction studies, the lattice parameters of the beta solid solution in the Ti-Al-Ru
system were calculated as a function of composition and temperature. Two computational models were used. The first model
incorporates the variation of beta-Ti lattice parameters as a function of temperature and takes into accounts for the paired interaction
between each of the constituent atom types, Ti-Al, Ti-Ru, and Al-Ru, assessed from the previous experimental studies. The second
model predicts the lattice parameter through the modeling of the average interatomic spacing for solid solutions proposed by Moreen
et al. (1971). The combined contribution from the pure components, Ti, Al, and Ru, and their pairs, Ti-Al, Ti-Ru, and Al-Ru, was
accounted for. Evaluation of the two proposed models will be discussed in conjunction with the limited available experimental data.
Poster 68 ____________________________________________________________________ Methods of Nanowhisker Growth in Metallic Materials C. Bomberger, E. R. Ryba
Abstract: Methods are being examined to see which, if any, are appropriate for the growth of whiskers of intermetallic compounds.
Whiskers of these materials are of interest because of the interesting properties some of them exhibit - giant magnetostriction is an
example. Whisker growth has been reported for only the intermetallic compounds Mn5Si3, AgHg, UPt3, Ni5Zn21, and TiNi3.
Techniques currently under study are the vapor/liquid/solid method, electrodeposition, flux-creep-up, and chemical vapor deposition.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 70 ____________________________________________________________________ Tin Monosulfide as Thin Film Material for Photovoltaic Applications R. Chandrasekharan, J. R. S. Brownson
Abstract: The relative abundance of tin and sulfur and the environmentally friendly nature of the material make tin monosulfide
(SnS) a promising new inorganic material for thin film photovoltaic applications. However, sufficient research in synthesizing SnS as
a phase to be integrated into commercial solar cell devices has not yet occurred. In this research, we develop a detailed understanding
of SnS deposition on transparent conductive glass by galvanostatic means. Initial experiments were comprised of uniform deposition
in aqueous baths with tartaric acid at different deposition temperatures (50, 70 and 90 °C) and pH (1.5 and 2.5), and yielded a new
polymorph, -SnS (with a direct band gap of 1.05 eV) that was then converted to -SnS (1.2 eV) following annealing at ~270 °C in
Ar(g). Further effort involves investigating the mechanism of SnS formation as a function of process pH and temperature that will
enable better understanding of SnS as potential material for commercial solar devices.
URL: http://www.personal.psu.edu/jrb52
Poster 71 ____________________________________________________________________ New Approaches to High Energy Density Film Capacitors Z. Zhang, Y. Matsuyama, S. Chen, T. C. M. Chung
Abstract: Capacitors are widely used in applications which require instantaneous energy release. Two approaches are made to
increase the storable energy density of a capacitor film; one method is to enhance the relative static permittivity and the other is to
increase the breakdown strength under electric field. In the first approach, fluoropolymer is used. In the second approach, long chain
branched polypropylene is employed.
Poster 72 ____________________________________________________________________ Ionic Liquids in Electro-Active Devices W. Liu, Y.-J. Wang, S. W. Wang, U. H. Choi, G. Tudryn, R. H. Colby
Abstract: Ionic liquids prove promising characteristics for electro-active devices including actuators, batteries, and fuel cells. Our
research gains fundamental knowledge of incorporating ionic liquids into single ion conductors through electrical and mechanical
characterization. Small angle x-ray scattering is used to examine ionic aggregate presence while rheology probes mechanical response.
Previous research of single ion conductors based on poly(ethylene oxide) indicates ion size and concentration effects on conductivity
where dielectric relaxation spectroscopy will show mobility and free ion content effect of exchanging to ionic liquid conductors.
Microphase separated polyurethanes and polysiloxanes are being synthesized as promising single ion conductors and ab initio
modeling is used as a predictive tool for ion solvation and interaction energies.
Poster 73 ____________________________________________________________________ Single-Ion Conducting Polymers for Actuators, Lithium Batteries and Fuel Cells R. H. Colby, Y.-J. Wang, W. Liu, G. Tudryn, S. Wang, U. H. Choi
Abstract: The Colby group is focussed on boosting the free ion content and mobility of counterions in ion-containing polymers for a
variety of applications. We use ab initio calculations to design ionomers, and then synthesize the ionomers of interest. Small-angle x-
ray scattering, dielectric spectroscopy and mechanical rheology are used to characterize these single-ion conductors. The ultimate goal
of our research is to design superior ionomer membranes for actuators, advanced battery membranes and fuel cell membrane-electrode
assemblies.
Poster 74 ____________________________________________________________________ Catalytic Activity of Cobalt Deposited on Nanostructured Poly(p-xylylene) Films N. Malvadkar, S. Park, M. Urquidi-MacDonald, H. Wang, M. C. Demirel
Abstract: Structured and planar polymers of poly(p-xylylene) (PPX) are fabricated by vapor deposition polymerization and metalized
using electroless deposition. Cobalt is deposited with electroless deposition technique on the structured and planar PPX films and
catalytic activity of these polymer-metal films are studied by measuring the hydrolyzation of alkaline-stabilized sodium borohydride
(NaBH4) solution. The hydrogen release rate data shows an asymptotic increase for the structured PPX film as a function of electroless
bath time, but the metalized planar PPX films show lower catalytic activity due to the inefficiency of cobalt deposition. The hydrogen
release from structured PPX-Cobalt film shows a rate between 2000-6400 mL/(g.min) which is comparable to the values obtained on
Platinum (Pt), and Ruthenium (Ru) systems.
URL: http://www.personal.psu.edu/mcd18/
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 75 ____________________________________________________________________ Emergent Properties of Polymer Films Fabricated by Oblique Angle Polymerization M. C. Demirel, H. Wang, S. Boduroglu, M. Cetinkaya, N. Malvadkar, E. So, S. Park, B. Purcell, A. Mangan, T. Marko, M. Anderson,
M. Ulizio
Abstract: The growth of spatially organized structures is of considerable fundamental interest, since it may provide us with important
clues to the way in which organized structures form in Nature. A closer look at complex structures in insect wings and lizard toes
reveal organized structured features at the microscopic scale. Synthetic polymers, that mimic biological materials in their designs,
form organized structures too. We have demonstrated that structured polymer brushes can be fabricated by an oblique angle
polymerization method. These structures are composed of approximately 40,000,000 aligned columns (approximately 100-150 nm in
diameter) per square millimeter similar to the gecko footpad or insect wing. The structured polymer brushes are conformal to any
surface and suitable for industrial applications. Structured polymer brushes have applications in controlled drug release, metallization
(SERS and catalyst applications), as well as antifouling applications.
URL: http://www.personal.psu.edu/mcd18/biomol.html
Poster 76 ____________________________________________________________________ Polymeric Materials and Energy Research in the Hickner Group M. A. Hickner, S. A. Petrina, H. Xie, R. J. Patel
Abstract: Our group's core work is centered on understanding the structure-transport relationships in polymeric materials. To that
end, we are primarily engaged in the synthesis and characterization of nano- and microstructured polymers where often non-isotropic
properties are observed due to orientation of the features within the material. We have particular interest and expertise in the synthesis
of ion-containing polymers, characterization of microstructure through scattering and microscopy, water binding and mobility
measurements, and transport property measurements. Our lab has ongoing programs in ion transport membranes for fuel cells and is
rapidly expanding into organic photovoltaic and water treatment applications. Our research is currently supported by Penn State's
MRI, PSIEE, and the NSF-MRSEC Center for Nanoscale Science, the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund, Sandia
National Laboratories, the Office of Naval Research, and several industrial partners.
URL: http://www.matse.psu.edu/fac/profiles/hickner.html
Poster 77 ____________________________________________________________________ Synthesis of Micro-Porous Boron-Substituted Carbon (B/C) Materials for Hydrogen Physisorption Y. Jeong
Abstract: An effective route to prepare micro-porous boron substituted carbon (B/C) materials is developed using a combination of
designed B-containing polymeric precursors and pyrolysis. Internal template, LiCl which is removed after pyrolysis by water-washing,
offers a convinient way to provide micro-porous structure. One of the B/C materials which has 780 m2/g of surface area with 7.2% of
B content shows 1.5 times higher hydrogen absorption than the activated carbon with the same surface area does. Based on 11B NMR
results, the substitutional B elements in B/C material serve as internal p-type dopants and polarize the C surface, which exhibit
significantly higher hydrogen binding energy (~11 kJ/mol).
Poster 78 ____________________________________________________________________ Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Using Visible Light in a Nonsacrificial Molecular Catalytic System W. J. Youngblood, S.-H. A. Lee, T. E. Mallouk
Abstract: We have created a molecular catalytic system that utilizes the energy from photons of visible light (450 nm) to drive overall
water splitting. We use nanoparticulate iridium oxide as a water-oxidation catalyst and platinum as a water-reduction catalyst, and we
interface the iridium oxide to a mesoporous photoanode of titanium oxide (TiO2) on tin oxide by means of a molecular dye which
covers the surface of our iridium oxide nanoparticles. The molecular dye is responsible for absorbing visible light and injecting
electrons into the TiO2 electrode, and the oxidized dye molecules are directly regenerated by the iridium oxide nanoparticles. The
photoanode and cathode are interfaced with a potentiostat. The quantum yield for water splitting is about 1%, and may in principle be
improved by changing the architecture of the system. The design, preparation, and characterization of the component materials and
overall system performance will be described.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 79 ____________________________________________________________________ High Surface Area Nanoporous Carbon with Controlled Pore Size Distribution for Ultracapacitor
Application R. Rajagopalan, H. C. Foley, E. Furman
Abstract: Nanoporous carbon (NPC) materials with controlled pore size distribution and surface area have a major role to play in the
development of ultracapacitors for automotive hybrid vehicle applications. Carbons with surface area greater than 1500 m2/g, mean
pore size in the order of 0.8 nm and bulk density greater than 0.5 g/cc are ideal to deliver high volumetric capacitances for hybrid
applications. However, carbons synthesized with these unique properties are expensive. In our investigation, two different synthetic
routes using different precursors namely coal tar pitch (graphitizing precursor) and polyfurfuryl alcohol (non-graphitizing precursor)
were used to develop carbons with desired properties for ultracapacitors. Ultracapacitors made using these carbons have gravimetric
and volumetric capacitances greater than 150 F/g and 100 F/ml, respectively using sulfuric acid as electrolyte.
Poster 80 ____________________________________________________________________ Polymer/Inorganic Nanocomposites and Polymer Nanostructures E. Manias
Abstract: An overview of ongoing projects in our group: The focus is on projects that relate to polymer nanocomposites and well-
defined polymer nanostructures. The themes, main research foci, and our research approaches within each project are highlighted. In
addition, related fundamental research efforts, such as computer modeling and Atomic Force Microscopy studies, are also mentioned
in the context of how they support our more applied projects.
URL: http://zeus.plmsc.psu.edu
Poster 81 ____________________________________________________________________ The Nature of Water in Perfluorosulfonic Ionomer (Nafion) Fuel Cell Membranes E. Manias, G. Polizos, Z. Lu, D. D. Macdonald, K. Strawhecker
Abstract: The spatial distribution and the molecular dynamics of water in acid-form Nafion were quantified at several hydration
levels by Atomic Force Microscopy and Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy, respectively. Concurrent AFM modes, including
interleave and intermittent contact methods, are necessary to map the water-containing domains, whereas at least two different
dielectric relaxation setups are needed to record the range of water dynamics in these systems. At least three dynamics "states" of
water were identified: (1) bulk-like water, exhibiting the cooperative picosecond relaxation of free/unconstrained water; (2) strongly
bound water, with microsecond relaxations --corresponding to water strongly bound to the charged sulfonic groups; and (2) an
intermediate relaxation, in the picosecond range and about three times slower than bulk water, with substantial dynamical
heterogeneities, defined as "loosely bound" water.
URL: http://zeus.plmsc.psu.edu
Poster 82 ____________________________________________________________________ Dynamics and Nanoscale Structure of Multicomponent Polymer Systems T. Choi, K. Masser, S. Pongkitwitoon, J. Runt
Abstract: One first portion of this poster focuses on our recent investigations of segmental and local dynamics of polymer blends,
solutions, and crystalline polymer systems. The principle experimental tool used in these studies is broadband dielectric (impedance)
spectroscopy. A second area under active investigation is phase separation and nanoscale assembly of segmented polyurethane block
copolymers, having selected hard and soft segment chemistries of particular interest in biomedical applications. We are seeking the
connection between phase-separated morphology and unlike segment demixing, with ultimate physical and biomedical properties.
Poster 83 ____________________________________________________________________ Toward Improved Electrolytes: Dynamics of Ion-Containing Polymers D. Fragiadakis, P. Ramasamy, A. McDermott, A. Castagna, J. Runt
Abstract: Rechargeable Li ion batteries incorporating polymer electrolytes have many advantages over those containing traditional
liquid electrolytes. Our research focuses on understanding cation solvation and motion, so that practical conductivity can be attained in
such systems. Single ion-conducting poly(ethylene oxide) ionomers have been investigated using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy
(DRS), providing insight into the effect of ion concentration, anion location, and plasticizers on cation mobility and free ion
concentration. Salt-doped and ionomeric versions of polyphosphazenes - which exhibit high ion mobility at low temperatures - have
been compared, and further studies will investigate the relationship between microphase separation and conductivity in
polyphosphazene block copolymers. Ion-containing polysaccharides are also being examined as environmentally friendly electrolytes;
here, DRS will reveal the dependence of conductivity on added salts, water, and other plasticizers.
Materials Day 2008
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Poster 84 ____________________________________________________________________ Novel Molecular Basket Sorbents (MBS) for CO2 Capture from Flue Gas and Other Gas Streams X. Wang, X. Ma, C. Song
Abstract: Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is considered as one of the key options for mitigating the emissions of CO2, which
is widely believed to contribute to global climate change. Although liquid amine scrubbing is commercially used, the process has high
energy requirements for regeneration and there is an increased environmental concern about high loss of ammonia and solvent
degradation during the process, which also leads to high cost. Recently, novel solid "molecular basket" sorbents (MBS) for removing
CO2 from flue gas and other gas streams have been developed. The MBS materials are nano-porous composite of organic polymers
and inorganioc matrix with pore channels in nano-meter range. They show high capacity, selectivity and working at 20-100 °C and
atmosphere pressure. The captured CO2 can be easily and completely recovered by using a purge gas or a vacuum system at 75-100
°C. The multiple-cycles experiments have shown that the developed sorbents have very good regenerability and stability. With the
MBS, CO2 capture from flue gas can be conducted more energy efficiently, economically and environmentally friendly.
URL: http://www.energy.psu.edu/factsheets/CO2_Molecular_Research.pdf
Poster 85 ____________________________________________________________________ Chemically Functional Magnetic Nanomaterials C. J. Thode, J. R. Stephens, J. S. Beveridge, E. P. Fillerup, M. Burek, A. H. Latham, M. E. Williams
Abstract: Functional magnetic particles are applied to complex challenges of separations, drug delivery, and materials applications.
We primarily use magnetic metal oxide (Fe2O3, CoFe2O4, etc.) nanoparticles that are reliably synthesized at relatively low cost.
Chemical functionalization methods ranging from organic transformations (e.g. grignard, organolithium and triazole formation) to
phospholipid encapsulation have been used to make the particles biologically active and fluorescent. These are easily extended to
create polyfunctional particles; future directions are targeted multidrug delivery and MRI contrast agents. Concurrently we have
developed microfluidic technologies to separate size polydisperse nanoparticle samples. Magnetically controlled motion through
nanopores is being developed for single particle counting and surface chemistry analysis. Together these will be important for
separations of complex mixtures and for identifying trace compounds in biological media.
Poster 86 ____________________________________________________________________ Direct Self-Assembly Photosynthetic Analogs by Artificial Oligopeptides C. P. Myers, L. Levine, H. W. Youm, M. B. Coppock, M. E. Williams
Abstract: Aminoethylglycine (aeg) pseudopeptides are used to create supramolecular structures for photoinduced energy and electron
transfer and ultimately enable artificial photosynthesis. The aeg backbone is functionalized with ligands (i.e., pyridine, bipyridine,
terpyridine, etc.) for metal coordination; addition of metal ions causes self-assembly of double-stranded architectures with organized
placement of inorganic chromophores, donors, and acceptors. Because these are constructed from artificial amino acids, the
oligopeptides are modular and the length, sequence, and architecture are easily synthetically controlled using the same functional
building blocks. Our studies focus on studies the energy and electron transfer properties of multimetallic structures linked by two
artificial peptides using electrochemical and time-resolved spectroscopies. Our ultimate goal is to create large, polyfunctional
assemblies with sufficiently long charge separated states that can drive chemical reactions.
Poster 87 ____________________________________________________________________ Electronic Structure of Clusters and Metamaterials I. Iordanov, A. M. Suarez, J. O. Sofo
Abstract: We use DFT calculations to determine electronic properties of experimentally obtained hydrazine linked metacrystals and
transition metal-carbon clusters. The metacrystal compounds are composed of SnX4 (X=S or Se) and Manganese with Hydrazine
ligands and form 0D through 3D networks. The 1D structure shows interesting dispersion along 'inter-chain' directions which dictates
higher mobility between chains than along one. Interesting spin behavior of the Mn under strain of the crystal structure was also
observed in these calculations. In our other project we determine cluster properties which can be difficult because of their small size
and high reactivity. We use CI methods along with DFT to determine cluster structures based on Photo-electron spectroscopy (PES)
experimental measurements published in the literature. For the case of NbCn (n=2-7) clusters, we find evidence for two structural
isomers co-existing within the experimental samples.
URL: http://www.phys.psu.edu/~sofo
Materials Day 2008
33
Poster 88 ____________________________________________________________________ Interactions at Surfaces: Water on Titania and Graphene on Silica N. Kumar, N. Shen, J. O. Sofo
Abstract: We use ab-initio Molecular Dynamics simulation (VASP) to study the water behavior on rutile (110) surface and analyze
the charge redistribution of graphene in the presence of amorphous silica. The study of water behavior on rutile (110) surface shows a
shift in the stretching modes with respect to pure water. The water dissociation at the surface can be correlated with the relative
weights of the stretching and the bending modes. Our results are in good agreement with the inelastic neutron scattering measurements
done on wet titania nanoparticles. The analysis of amorphous silica on graphene shows weak interactions between substrate and
graphene. We observe charge redistribution in the graphene due to the existence of the substrate resulting in n-doping of the graphene
from the silica substrate. The doping level and bonding strength between the graphene and substrate are consistent with the
experimental results.
URL: http://www.phys.psu.edu/~sofo
Materials Day 2008
34
Author .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poster(s) Acord, J. D. .................................................... 28, 42, 53, 56, 59
Adair, J. H. ....................................................................... 50, 51
Agrawal, D. ............................................................................ 30
Aguirre, M. ............................................................................ 51
Akarapu, R. ............................................................................ 63
Altinoglu, E. ........................................................................... 50
Anderson, M. ......................................................................... 75
Angelone, M. S. ..................................................................... 10
Antolino, N. ........................................................................... 51
Arbuthnot, D. ......................................................................... 63
Asay, D. ................................................................................. 65
Baker, A. ................................................................................ 60
Balashova, I. .......................................................................... 31
Banerjee, J. ............................................................................. 37
Barnette, A. ............................................................................ 65
Beratan, H. ............................................................................. 63
Beveridge, J. S. ...................................................................... 85
Bharadwaja, S. S. N. .............................................................. 63
Boduroglu, S. ......................................................................... 75
Bogart, T. ............................................................................... 42
Bojan, V. .......................................................................... 16, 17
Bomberger, C. ........................................................................ 68
Borawski, B. .......................................................................... 44
Bresnehan, M. ........................................................................ 55
Brown, N. R. .............................................................. 11, 45, 46
Brownson, J. R. S. .................................................................. 70
Burek, M. ............................................................................... 85
Burke, R. ................................................................................ 28
Butler, P. J. ............................................................................. 50
Byrne, E. ................................................................................ 26
Castagna, A. ........................................................................... 83
Catchmark, J. M. .............................................................. 11, 46
Cavalero, R. ........................................................................... 55
Cetinkaya, M. ......................................................................... 75
Chai, B. H. T. ......................................................................... 57
Chandrasekharan, R. .............................................................. 70
Chen, Q. ................................................................................. 62
Chen, S. .................................................................................. 71
Chen, Y. ................................................................................. 12
Cheng, J. .......................................................................... 30, 54
Choi, T. .................................................................................. 82
Choi, U. H. ....................................................................... 72, 73
Chu, B. ................................................................................... 62
Chung, T. C. M. ..................................................................... 71
Clark, T. E. ....................................................................... 13, 22
Colby, R. H. ..................................................................... 72, 73
Colina, C. ......................................................................... 14, 15
Coppock, M. B. ...................................................................... 86
Cowan, K. .............................................................................. 21
Crespi, V. H. .......................................................................... 24
Cunningham, D. ..................................................................... 26
Daniel, T. ......................................................................... 16, 17
Danner, R. P. .................................................................... 14, 31
Demirel, M. C. ................................................................. 74, 75
Dickey, E. C. ............................................ 18, 19, 22, 23, 28, 38
Eden, T. .................................................................................. 39
Eklund, P. C. .......................................................................... 50
Everson, W. J. .................................................................. 32, 42
Ewing, A. G. .......................................................................... 52
Fang, Z. .................................................................................. 62
Fanton, M. A. ........................................... 28, 42, 53, 55, 56, 59
Fei, Y. .................................................................................... 57
Fillerup, E. P. ......................................................................... 85
Fisher, P. J. ............................................................................ 56
Foley, H. C. ............................................................................ 79
Fragiadakis, D. ....................................................................... 83
Frantz, E. .......................................................................... 42, 57
Frecker, M. ............................................................................ 51
Furman, E. ............................................................................. 79
Gabriel, B. M. .................................................................. 43, 44
Gamble, R. D. ........................................................................ 32
Gao, F. ................................................................................... 33
Gauntt, B. D. .......................................................................... 18
Goda, G. M. ........................................................................... 32
Guo, R. ................................................................................... 54
Gupta, B. S. ............................................................................ 46
Hackenberger, W. .................................................................. 61
Haluck, R. .............................................................................. 51
Haque, A. ............................................................................... 20
Hayes, G. ............................................................................... 51
Heaney, D. ............................................................................. 21
Heien, M. L. ........................................................................... 52
Heydemann, V. .......................................................... 28, 42, 59
Hickner, M. A. ....................................................................... 76
Hill, A. A. .............................................................................. 24
Hoover, M. R. ........................................................................ 25
Hsiao, E. .......................................................................... 65, 66
Hu, Y. .................................................................................... 11
Iordanov, I. ............................................................................ 87
Jeong, Y. ................................................................................ 77
Kelly, M. J. ...................................................................... 43, 44
Kester, M. .............................................................................. 50
Kim, S. H. ........................................................................ 65, 66
Kirkpatrick, R. ....................................................................... 51
Komarneni, S. ........................................................................ 33
Kulik, J............................................................................. 13, 22
Kumar, N. .............................................................................. 88
Kwon, S. ................................................................................ 61
Lanagan, M. T...................................................... 56, 58, 59, 60
Larsen, G. .............................................................................. 15
Latham, A. H. ........................................................................ 85
Lee, H. ................................................................................... 36
Lee, S.-H. A. .......................................................................... 78
Levine, L. ............................................................................... 86
Lin, J. ..................................................................................... 44
Lin, J. H. ................................................................................ 62
Lin, M. ................................................................................... 62
Lissenden, C. J. ................................................................ 47, 48
Liu, B. .............................................................................. 16, 17
Liu, S. .................................................................................... 62
Liu, W. ............................................................................. 72, 73
Liu, Z.-K.. .............................................................................. 34
Lu, Q. ..................................................................................... 33
Lu, S....................................................................................... 62
Lu, Z. ..................................................................................... 81
Ma, X. .................................................................................... 84
Macdonald, D. D. ............................................................. 19, 81
Materials Day 2008
35
Author .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poster(s) Maier, J. J. ........................................................................ 13, 22
Maksimov, O. ........................................................................ 28
Malek, R. I. ............................................................................ 23
Mallouk, T. E. .................................................................. 24, 78
Malvadkar, N. .................................................................. 74, 75
Mangan, A. ............................................................................ 75
Manias, E. ........................................................................ 80, 81
Manning, I. C. ........................................................................ 53
Mantina, M............................................................................. 35
Marko, T. ............................................................................... 75
Masser, K. .............................................................................. 82
Matsuyama, Y. ....................................................................... 71
McDermott, A. ....................................................................... 83
Medina Torres, Z. .................................................................. 24
Meinert, K. ............................................................................. 38
Mendoza, A. ........................................................................... 37
Mittra, R. ................................................................................ 60
Mockenstrum, E. .................................................................... 51
Morgan, T. ............................................................................. 50
Muddanas, H. S. ..................................................................... 50
Muhlstein, C........................................................................... 51
Murthy, S. R........................................................................... 33
Myers, C. P. ........................................................................... 86
Nair, S. ................................................................................... 66
Neese, B. P. ............................................................................ 62
Oslosky, E. J. ......................................................................... 32
Pantano, C. ....................................................................... 36, 37
Park, S. ............................................................................. 74, 75
Patel, R. J. .............................................................................. 76
Perini, S. E. ............................................................................ 56
Perrotta, A. J. ......................................................................... 27
Petrina, S. A. .......................................................................... 76
Podraza, N. J. ......................................................................... 19
Polizos, G. .............................................................................. 81
Polotai, A. V. ......................................................................... 38
Pongkitwitoon, S. ................................................................... 82
Potter, J. ................................................................................. 39
Purcell, B. .............................................................................. 75
Rajagopalan, R. ................................................................ 36, 79
Rajsiri, S. ............................................................................... 67
Ramasamy, P. ........................................................................ 83
Randi, J. A. ............................................................................ 32
Rao, M. .................................................................................. 25
Ray Sloppy, J. D. ................................................................... 19
Rearick, D. J..................................................................... 42, 56
Redwing, J. M. ........................................................... 28, 53, 59
Redwing, R. D. ...................................................................... 24
Robertson, G. ......................................................................... 50
Robinson, J................................................................. 36, 42, 59
Rose, J. L. .............................................................................. 48
Roy, R. ............................................................................. 25, 30
Ruffing, T. ............................................................................. 45
Runt, J. ............................................................................. 82, 83
Russin, T. ............................................................................... 50
Ryba, E. R. ....................................................................... 67, 68
Rygel, J. ................................................................................. 37
Salama, M. N. ........................................................................ 23
Salvador, P. A. ....................................................................... 56
Santillo, M. F. ........................................................................ 52
Schaak, R. E. .................................................................... 40, 41
Schaut, R. ............................................................................... 37
Segall, A. ............................................................................... 39
Semouchkin, G. ..................................................................... 60
Semouchkina, E. .................................................................... 60
Shanta, C. ............................................................................... 61
Shanta, R. ............................................................................... 42
Sharma, A. ............................................................................. 50
Shen, N. ................................................................................. 88
Shrout, T. ............................................................................... 57
Skowronski, M. ...................................................................... 56
Slawecki, T. ........................................................................... 25
Smid, I. ............................................................................ 26, 39
Smith, E. C. ............................................................................ 47
Smith, N. ................................................................................ 37
Snyder, A. J. .......................................................................... 51
Snyder, D. W. .............................. 28, 42, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 61
Snyder, M. J. .................................................................... 42, 56
So, E....................................................................................... 75
Sofo, J. O. ........................................................................ 87, 88
Song, C. ................................................................................. 84
Stapleton, J. ...................................................................... 16, 17
Stephens, J. R. ........................................................................ 85
Stitt, J. .............................................................................. 16, 17
Strawhecker, K. ..................................................................... 81
Suarez, A. M. ......................................................................... 87
Tabakovic, A.......................................................................... 50
Tabouillot, T. ......................................................................... 50
Thode, C. J. ............................................................................ 85
Trolier-McKinstry, S. ................................................ 56, 63, 64
Tudryn, G. ........................................................................ 72, 73
Tyagi, V. ................................................................................ 60
Ulizio, M. ............................................................................... 75
Urquidi-MacDonald, M. ........................................................ 74
Vaughan, D. E. W. ................................................................. 27
Wang, H. .......................................................................... 74, 75
Wang, S. ................................................................................ 73
Wang, S. W. ........................................................................... 72
Wang, X. ................................................................................ 84
Wang, Y. ................................................................................ 62
Wang, Y.-J. ...................................................................... 72, 73
Webb, A. ................................................................................ 60
Weng, X. .......................................................................... 28, 53
Weyant, J. .............................................................................. 39
Williams, M. E. ................................................................ 85, 86
Wolfe, D. E. ............................................................... 43, 44, 59
Xie, H..................................................................................... 76
Yadama, V. ............................................................................ 45
Yennawar, H. P. ..................................................................... 27
Youm, H. W. .......................................................................... 86
Youngblood, W. J. ................................................................. 78
Zhang, Q. M. .......................................................................... 62
Zhang, S. ................................................................................ 57
Zhang, Y. ............................................................................... 54
Zhang, Z. ................................................................................ 71
Zhou, X. ................................................................................. 62
Zou, C. ................................................................................... 62
Materials Day 2008
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Poster Session Map ___________________________________________________________
