materials (1)
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Materials
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Are the basic material from which goods that are extracted directly from natural objects.
examples: tree,
1.Raw materials
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It can be classified in 3 groups:Animal Origin: come from animals: wool,silk…Vegetable origin:came from vegetables: cotton,wood,cork…
Mineral orgin:came from minerals: marble,clay...
1.2-Origins of raw materials
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2.-Materials
Materials are transformed by two process: phisycal process and chemical process into the various types of materials that are used formanufacturing
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-Physical process: Is when a substance changes its state, for example when a metal melts.
-Chemical process: Is when a substance is transformed into a different substance with different characteristics. Ex: petrol transformed to create some types of platic.
2.1.Physycal and chemical process
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3.-Manufactured goods
Is any object created by humans to satisfy their needs and improve their standard of living.
Examples:books,clothes,a sofa,glass, bottle...
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3.1-Technical materials
Common materials used to make manufactured goods:
Wood, metals, plastics, textils, stones and ceramics.
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5-Properties of materials1.PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: To how materials reacted to external stimuli, e.g. electrical, light, heat or the applaying of various forces
2.CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:We can see these properties when the chemical composition of a material changes because it interacts with other materials.
3.ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES:It can be recyclable, toxic and biodegradable
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5.1-Physical propertiesElectrical: electrical conductivity and electrical insulator
Thermal: thermal conductivity and thermal insulatorAcoustic: acoustic conductivity and acustic insulatorMagnetic: Some metals attract some others and this is the magnestism funtion
Optical:opaque, translucent and transparentMechanical:mechanical strengh, elasticity,plasticity, malleability, hardness, toughness, brittleness and ductility.
Others: density,porosity, permeability and impermeability
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Oxidation: this happens when a material reacts with oxygen in the air or water. Metals are the most sensitive materials to oxidation.
For prevent rusting are coated to with paint,varnish...
5.2-Chemical properties
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*Recyclable:Are materials that can be reused(Glass,paper,metal…)
*Toxic:These are harmful to the enviroment(Mercuri,petroleum…
*Biodegradable:There are materials that descompose naturally and don’t cause damage to the enviroment
*Renewable: raw materials that can be regenerated: wool, cotton and wood.
5.3-Ecological properties
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