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Dictionariesby Jennifer Bates, Rita Johnston, Hannah Noll, Regina

De Guerra, and Gillian Speace


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What is a Dictionary?

OED Definition:1 a A book dealing with the individual words of a language

(or certain specified classes of them), so as to set forththeir orthography, pronunciation, signification, and use,their synonyms, derivation, and history, or at least some ofthese facts: for convenience of reference, the words arearranged in some stated order, now, in most languages,alphabetical and in larger dictionaries the informationgiven is illustrated by !uotations from literature a word"book, vocabulary, or le#icon$ %ull link


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What is a Dictionary?

%rom Websters Third New International Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage, Unabridged

Dictionary


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!rgani"ation of a Dictionary

Alphabetically&y root origin ('n Arabic, some anskrit)

ronunciation, shape, letter stroke ('nideographic writing systems)


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So#e $ypes of Dictionaries*nabridged

Abridgedocket

+ultiple anguagepeciali-ed or .echnical Dictionaries

Online Dictionaries/aming Dictionaries0ollo!uial and lang Dictionaries0hildrens1 Dictionaries2isual Dictionaries/lossaries.hesaurus


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%&aluation 'riteria%ormat

" 0D"3om, Online, or &ook4

cope3elation to imilar 5orks

Authority " 3eputable publisher4 /ood reviews4

.reatment " Are definitions precise and accurate4 Any bias4

0urrency of Definitions

Arrangementpecial %eatures

" ynonyms6Antonyms " Etymology


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$he !%D(What )a*es it +ni ue

't was the first successful attempt to compile acomprehensive dictionary of English words7ames +urray, the editor, advertised to the public to helpcollect the earliest and best !uotations for EA08 5O3D

in use in English$ .he pro9ect began in ;?;$%irst edition named New English Dictionary on HistoricalPrinci les

An unabridged dictionary, but also more: " 8as etymology of each word " ome people use it as a !uotation dictionary b6c of its !uotes


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!%D


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-ater %ditions

As soon as the first OED was completed, the compilersbegan updating it$>>? @ first 0D"3om versionecond Edition @completed >;>

.hird Edition @ is being completely revised for the firsttime$ 't will not be completed before ? ;, and it may beonly in online form, depending on demand, according toO#ford$


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%&aluation0urrent editions are in print and online, but online

updated more fre!uently$cope: All English words in current use in the general

population$imilar to other unabridged dictionaries, but with superior

etymology and !uotations$ 'n a class by itself$ Authority: .he first and the &E .B ublished by O#ford$.reatment: 8eavy on determining meaning through use.echnological definitions not current: computer

Arrangement: Alphabetical (print), searchable (online)


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Webster.s $hird Ne/ 0nternationalDictionary of the %nglish -anguage(What )a*es 0t +ni ue?

0onsidered the most prestigiousunabridged dictionary published in C$

America$

0onsidered too permissive by its criticswhen first published @ more descriptivethan prescriptive$8as an online counterpart$

Entries in easily readable style$


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%&aluationrint and online version$ 5eb version contains >>F

update not in print version$cope: All English words in current use in the general

population$imilar to other unabridged dictionaries,

Authority: 5idely considered the best in its class$3espected publisher$.reatment: easily readable, concise definitions for anunabridged$ +ore accepting of Gimproper1 English,descriptive not prescriptive$.echnological definitions not current: computer

Arrangement: Alphabetical (print), searchable (online)


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2e/ 3oints about +nabridgedDictionaries

.hey take a long time to compile, so are notupdated often, so are not kept up to date$0omputers and the web are making it easierfor unabridged dicts$ to stay current$8owever, as my e#ample indicated, they arestill way behind with many definitions$


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!N-0N% D0'$0!N R0%S

.he /ood,

the &ad,and theUgly


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Sub4ect5SpecificDictionaries


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)edical Dictionaries


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corpus , gen$ corporis H.AI

, pl$ corpora ( ) .he plural of this wordis cor ora , not cor i $1 JC: body ( )$6 Any body or mass$ 7 .he main partof an organ or other anatomicstructure, as distinguished from thehead or tail$ EE A O: body,diaphysis, soma$ H $ bodyIcorpus adiposu# H.AI$ JC: fat"pad$corpus adiposu# buccae H.AI$ JC:

buccal fat"pad$


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-a/ Dictionaries


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crony#s, bbre&iations, etc

0$O$3$ $*$0orps of 3eserve

riests *nited forervice


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Word Ga#es


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8isual Dictionaries


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.hematically organi-ed,not alphabetical

Co definitions given

An alphabetical inde# isincluded

&ragonier, 3eginald$ Whats What: A VisualGlossary of the Physical World +aplewood, C$7$ : 8ammond, c >; $


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A dual language e#ample

%acts on %ile makes versions inseveral languages

8as thematic as well asalphabetical indices

0orbeil, 7ean 0laude$ The Facts on FileEnglish/Spanish visual dictionary : looup the !ord fro" the picture# find the

picture fro" the !ord Cew Jork : %acts on%ile, c >>?$


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Another format

.he Cew O#ford ictureDictionary comes in severallanguages and 9ust English

%or all ages

arnwell, E$ 0$ The ne! $%ford picturedictionary# English6 Cava9o ed$ Cew Jork :

O#ford *niversity ress, >;>$


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!nline 8isual Dictionaries

http:66www$infovisual$info6%ormat @ hard to search, easy to browse

cope @ only biology, anatomy, music, transport Authority @ &ernard DKry (4)%eatures @ gives short written descriptions, too

http:66www$allaboutspace$com6science6dictionary6%ormat @ cannot search, only browse

cope @ = science categories Authority @ by Enchanted earning (teacher resource)%eatures @ long descriptions, labeled diagrams, links


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'hildren.sDictionaries


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%or young children

Co definitions, but somee#amples

.o be read as well as used forreference

euss, Dr$ The &at in the 'at (eginner(oo )ictionary $


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%or early elementary

imple definitions withe#ample sentences

Easy to understandpronunciation guide

evey, 7udith $ Scholastic first dictionary ! Cew Jork : cholastic 3eference, c >>;$


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%or ; to year olds

+ore advanced pronunciation

key, parts of speech

+ore advanced words, andmore meanings of each word

We*ster+s ne! !orld children+s dictionary ! 0leveland : 5ebsterLs Cew 5orld, c >> $


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%or


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!nline 'hildren.s Dictionaries

http:66www$wordcentral$com6 %ormat @ poorly designed interface

Audience @ about middle school level 4 Authority @ +erriam"5ebster1s tudent Dictionary%eatures @ pronunciation guide at the bottom of the page

http:66www$factmonster$com6%ormat @ better interface and display

Audience @ about middle school level 4 Authority @ 3andom 8ouse *nabridged Dictionary%eatures @ links to encyclopedia entry from The "olu#biaElectronic Encyclo edia


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-anguage Dictionaries


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.he O#ford panish Dictionary

&road coverage, manymeanings and phrases

0omple# entry structure canbe confusing

The $%ford Spanish dictionary : Spanish, English/English,Spanish $ O#ford : O#ford*niversity ress, >>M$


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Often include e#tra sections

2erb charts

etter samples, usage guides,country information

&ollins diccionario ingl-s . &ollinsSpanish dictionary ! Fth ed$ &arcelona :/ri9albo Cew Jork : 0ollins, c? $


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A slang dictionary

&eware this is specific to pain

0arbonell &asset, DelfNn$ An English and

Spanish dictionary of slang andunconventional language .)iccionario castellano e ingl-s deargot y lengua e infor"al0 $ ed$&arcelona : Ediciones del erbal,

>>=$


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A phrase dictionary

Again, particular to pain

0arbonell &asset, DelfNn$ )iccionariofraseol1gico : ingl-s,castellano#castellano,ingl-s : frases# e%presiones#"odis"os# dichos# locuciones#idiotis"os# refranes# etc0 . A

phraseological dictionary : English, Spanish# Spanish,English : phrases#e%pressions# locutions# clich-s# idio"s#sayings# sa!s# prover*s# etc0 &arcelona :Ediciones del erbal, c >>


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!nline -anguage Dictionaries

http:66education$yahoo$com6reference6dict en es6%ormat @ can search and browse in both languages

Authority @ .he American 8eritage panish Dictionary%eatures @ finds related words and verb forms audio files

http:66www$logos$it6pls6dictionary6new dictionary$home pr o9ect4p90odeP QlangPenQu codePMR><

%ormat @ browse children1s dictionary or search adults1 Authority @ collaboratively generated%eatures @ universal verb con9ugator some audio files


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$hesauri


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Definition

a very speciali-ed dictionary that deals

only with word synonyms and antonyms(&opp and mith)


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$ypical %ntry

5ordart of peech

Definitionynonyms Antonyms

lang, 'nformal, 'diom, Archaic


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%9e#plary 3rint Source


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Easy to use0lear distinctionsbetween entries/ives informal andcollo!uial synonyms8as a see also sectionfor most entries


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%9e#plary !nline Source

.hesaurus$comhttp:66thesaurus$reference$com

S Easy"to"read design layoutS 0oncise, one"word definitionsS Direct links to each synonym and antonym

listedS 5ords from $ogets New %illeniu#

Thesaurus

Th f 2 f
http://thesaurus.reference.com/http://thesaurus.reference.com/http://thesaurus.reference.com/


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Thesaurus for 2earners ofEnglish


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E#ample sentences foreach main entry and foreach synonym

Also includes aninde#es of irregularverbs and of idiomaticuse of prepositions


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Bartlett.s Fa"iliar 3uotations


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/uide to the *se of %amiliarTuotations tells how thebook is organi-ed: chrono"logically by birth date of

author 'nde# of Authors listsauthors1 birth and deathdates and page numbers

'nde# lists keywordsalphabetically tells pagenumber and which entry onthe page


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!nline Sources

yourDictionary$comS http:66yourdictionary$com6S

inks to &artlett1s (through &artleby) and .heTuotations age
http://yourdictionary.com/http://yourdictionary.com/http://yourdictionary.com/http://yourdictionary.com/


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!nline Sources

earching for .o be or not to be in severalonline !uotation databases yielded no resultsrelated to hakespeare or Ha#let

earching for ' wandered lonely as a cloudand 5ordsworth yielded no results


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:uotation Boo*s by Sub4ect

S +uch narrower scopeS Alphabeti-ed by sub9ectU't is nearly

impossible to find a specific !uote, even ifyou know who said it


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%9a#ples

S The "oncise "olu#bia Dictionary of&uotations

S ' (oo) in Hand is Worth Two in the Library


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:uestions? 'o##ents?

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