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Dictionariesby Jennifer Bates, Rita Johnston, Hannah Noll, Regina
De Guerra, and Gillian Speace
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What is a Dictionary?
OED Definition:1 a A book dealing with the individual words of a language
(or certain specified classes of them), so as to set forththeir orthography, pronunciation, signification, and use,their synonyms, derivation, and history, or at least some ofthese facts: for convenience of reference, the words arearranged in some stated order, now, in most languages,alphabetical and in larger dictionaries the informationgiven is illustrated by !uotations from literature a word"book, vocabulary, or le#icon$ %ull link
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What is a Dictionary?
%rom Websters Third New International Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage, Unabridged
Dictionary
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!rgani"ation of a Dictionary
Alphabetically&y root origin ('n Arabic, some anskrit)
ronunciation, shape, letter stroke ('nideographic writing systems)
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So#e $ypes of Dictionaries*nabridged
Abridgedocket
+ultiple anguagepeciali-ed or .echnical Dictionaries
Online Dictionaries/aming Dictionaries0ollo!uial and lang Dictionaries0hildrens1 Dictionaries2isual Dictionaries/lossaries.hesaurus
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%&aluation 'riteria%ormat
" 0D"3om, Online, or &ook4
cope3elation to imilar 5orks
Authority " 3eputable publisher4 /ood reviews4
.reatment " Are definitions precise and accurate4 Any bias4
0urrency of Definitions
Arrangementpecial %eatures
" ynonyms6Antonyms " Etymology
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$he !%D(What )a*es it +ni ue
't was the first successful attempt to compile acomprehensive dictionary of English words7ames +urray, the editor, advertised to the public to helpcollect the earliest and best !uotations for EA08 5O3D
in use in English$ .he pro9ect began in ;?;$%irst edition named New English Dictionary on HistoricalPrinci les
An unabridged dictionary, but also more: " 8as etymology of each word " ome people use it as a !uotation dictionary b6c of its !uotes
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!%D
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-ater %ditions
As soon as the first OED was completed, the compilersbegan updating it$>>? @ first 0D"3om versionecond Edition @completed >;>
.hird Edition @ is being completely revised for the firsttime$ 't will not be completed before ? ;, and it may beonly in online form, depending on demand, according toO#ford$
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%&aluation0urrent editions are in print and online, but online
updated more fre!uently$cope: All English words in current use in the general
population$imilar to other unabridged dictionaries, but with superior
etymology and !uotations$ 'n a class by itself$ Authority: .he first and the &E .B ublished by O#ford$.reatment: 8eavy on determining meaning through use.echnological definitions not current: computer
Arrangement: Alphabetical (print), searchable (online)
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Webster.s $hird Ne/ 0nternationalDictionary of the %nglish -anguage(What )a*es 0t +ni ue?
0onsidered the most prestigiousunabridged dictionary published in C$
America$
0onsidered too permissive by its criticswhen first published @ more descriptivethan prescriptive$8as an online counterpart$
Entries in easily readable style$
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%&aluationrint and online version$ 5eb version contains >>F
update not in print version$cope: All English words in current use in the general
population$imilar to other unabridged dictionaries,
Authority: 5idely considered the best in its class$3espected publisher$.reatment: easily readable, concise definitions for anunabridged$ +ore accepting of Gimproper1 English,descriptive not prescriptive$.echnological definitions not current: computer
Arrangement: Alphabetical (print), searchable (online)
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2e/ 3oints about +nabridgedDictionaries
.hey take a long time to compile, so are notupdated often, so are not kept up to date$0omputers and the web are making it easierfor unabridged dicts$ to stay current$8owever, as my e#ample indicated, they arestill way behind with many definitions$
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!N-0N% D0'$0!N R0%S
.he /ood,
the &ad,and theUgly
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Sub4ect5SpecificDictionaries
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)edical Dictionaries
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corpus , gen$ corporis H.AI
, pl$ corpora ( ) .he plural of this wordis cor ora , not cor i $1 JC: body ( )$6 Any body or mass$ 7 .he main partof an organ or other anatomicstructure, as distinguished from thehead or tail$ EE A O: body,diaphysis, soma$ H $ bodyIcorpus adiposu# H.AI$ JC: fat"pad$corpus adiposu# buccae H.AI$ JC:
buccal fat"pad$
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-a/ Dictionaries
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crony#s, bbre&iations, etc
0$O$3$ $*$0orps of 3eserve
riests *nited forervice
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Word Ga#es
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8isual Dictionaries
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.hematically organi-ed,not alphabetical
Co definitions given
An alphabetical inde# isincluded
&ragonier, 3eginald$ Whats What: A VisualGlossary of the Physical World +aplewood, C$7$ : 8ammond, c >; $
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A dual language e#ample
%acts on %ile makes versions inseveral languages
8as thematic as well asalphabetical indices
0orbeil, 7ean 0laude$ The Facts on FileEnglish/Spanish visual dictionary : looup the !ord fro" the picture# find the
picture fro" the !ord Cew Jork : %acts on%ile, c >>?$
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Another format
.he Cew O#ford ictureDictionary comes in severallanguages and 9ust English
%or all ages
arnwell, E$ 0$ The ne! $%ford picturedictionary# English6 Cava9o ed$ Cew Jork :
O#ford *niversity ress, >;>$
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!nline 8isual Dictionaries
http:66www$infovisual$info6%ormat @ hard to search, easy to browse
cope @ only biology, anatomy, music, transport Authority @ &ernard DKry (4)%eatures @ gives short written descriptions, too
http:66www$allaboutspace$com6science6dictionary6%ormat @ cannot search, only browse
cope @ = science categories Authority @ by Enchanted earning (teacher resource)%eatures @ long descriptions, labeled diagrams, links
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'hildren.sDictionaries
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%or young children
Co definitions, but somee#amples
.o be read as well as used forreference
euss, Dr$ The &at in the 'at (eginner(oo )ictionary $
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%or early elementary
imple definitions withe#ample sentences
Easy to understandpronunciation guide
evey, 7udith $ Scholastic first dictionary ! Cew Jork : cholastic 3eference, c >>;$
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%or ; to year olds
+ore advanced pronunciation
key, parts of speech
+ore advanced words, andmore meanings of each word
We*ster+s ne! !orld children+s dictionary ! 0leveland : 5ebsterLs Cew 5orld, c >> $
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%or
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!nline 'hildren.s Dictionaries
http:66www$wordcentral$com6 %ormat @ poorly designed interface
Audience @ about middle school level 4 Authority @ +erriam"5ebster1s tudent Dictionary%eatures @ pronunciation guide at the bottom of the page
http:66www$factmonster$com6%ormat @ better interface and display
Audience @ about middle school level 4 Authority @ 3andom 8ouse *nabridged Dictionary%eatures @ links to encyclopedia entry from The "olu#biaElectronic Encyclo edia
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-anguage Dictionaries
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.he O#ford panish Dictionary
&road coverage, manymeanings and phrases
0omple# entry structure canbe confusing
The $%ford Spanish dictionary : Spanish, English/English,Spanish $ O#ford : O#ford*niversity ress, >>M$
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Often include e#tra sections
2erb charts
etter samples, usage guides,country information
&ollins diccionario ingl-s . &ollinsSpanish dictionary ! Fth ed$ &arcelona :/ri9albo Cew Jork : 0ollins, c? $
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A slang dictionary
&eware this is specific to pain
0arbonell &asset, DelfNn$ An English and
Spanish dictionary of slang andunconventional language .)iccionario castellano e ingl-s deargot y lengua e infor"al0 $ ed$&arcelona : Ediciones del erbal,
>>=$
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A phrase dictionary
Again, particular to pain
0arbonell &asset, DelfNn$ )iccionariofraseol1gico : ingl-s,castellano#castellano,ingl-s : frases# e%presiones#"odis"os# dichos# locuciones#idiotis"os# refranes# etc0 . A
phraseological dictionary : English, Spanish# Spanish,English : phrases#e%pressions# locutions# clich-s# idio"s#sayings# sa!s# prover*s# etc0 &arcelona :Ediciones del erbal, c >>
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!nline -anguage Dictionaries
http:66education$yahoo$com6reference6dict en es6%ormat @ can search and browse in both languages
Authority @ .he American 8eritage panish Dictionary%eatures @ finds related words and verb forms audio files
http:66www$logos$it6pls6dictionary6new dictionary$home pr o9ect4p90odeP QlangPenQu codePMR><
%ormat @ browse children1s dictionary or search adults1 Authority @ collaboratively generated%eatures @ universal verb con9ugator some audio files
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$hesauri
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Definition
a very speciali-ed dictionary that deals
only with word synonyms and antonyms(&opp and mith)
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$ypical %ntry
5ordart of peech
Definitionynonyms Antonyms
lang, 'nformal, 'diom, Archaic
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%9e#plary 3rint Source
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Easy to use0lear distinctionsbetween entries/ives informal andcollo!uial synonyms8as a see also sectionfor most entries
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%9e#plary !nline Source
.hesaurus$comhttp:66thesaurus$reference$com
S Easy"to"read design layoutS 0oncise, one"word definitionsS Direct links to each synonym and antonym
listedS 5ords from $ogets New %illeniu#
Thesaurus
Th f 2 f
http://thesaurus.reference.com/http://thesaurus.reference.com/http://thesaurus.reference.com/ -
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Thesaurus for 2earners ofEnglish
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E#ample sentences foreach main entry and foreach synonym
Also includes aninde#es of irregularverbs and of idiomaticuse of prepositions
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Bartlett.s Fa"iliar 3uotations
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/uide to the *se of %amiliarTuotations tells how thebook is organi-ed: chrono"logically by birth date of
author 'nde# of Authors listsauthors1 birth and deathdates and page numbers
'nde# lists keywordsalphabetically tells pagenumber and which entry onthe page
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!nline Sources
yourDictionary$comS http:66yourdictionary$com6S
inks to &artlett1s (through &artleby) and .heTuotations age
http://yourdictionary.com/http://yourdictionary.com/http://yourdictionary.com/http://yourdictionary.com/ -
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!nline Sources
earching for .o be or not to be in severalonline !uotation databases yielded no resultsrelated to hakespeare or Ha#let
earching for ' wandered lonely as a cloudand 5ordsworth yielded no results
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:uotation Boo*s by Sub4ect
S +uch narrower scopeS Alphabeti-ed by sub9ectU't is nearly
impossible to find a specific !uote, even ifyou know who said it
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%9a#ples
S The "oncise "olu#bia Dictionary of&uotations
S ' (oo) in Hand is Worth Two in the Library
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:uestions? 'o##ents?