marpol annex ii noxious liquid substances pollution prevention

PREVENTING PREVENTING POLLUTION FROM SHIPSPOLLUTION FROM SHIPS

December 2009December 2009

V.Ship’s Mission StatementV.Ship’s Mission Statement

V.Ships aims to be recognised as the first choice V.Ships aims to be recognised as the first choice global supplier of the highest quality services to global supplier of the highest quality services to

the shipping industry with the shipping industry with absolute regard to absolute regard to safety and the marine environmentsafety and the marine environment

For V.Ships Environmental Policy full tFor V.Ships Environmental Policy full teext clickxt click here

V.Ship’s Environmental PolicyV.Ship’s Environmental Policy

V.Ships recognises environmental protection and V.Ships recognises environmental protection and management as one of its highest priorities and as a result, management as one of its highest priorities and as a result,

every effort is to be made to conserve and protect the every effort is to be made to conserve and protect the marine environment from all forms of pollution. marine environment from all forms of pollution.

V.Ships aim is to eliminate the possibility of pollution at source V.Ships aim is to eliminate the possibility of pollution at source by ensuring that high standards of safety and by ensuring that high standards of safety and environmental environmental awareness are maintained and that all relevant legislation awareness are maintained and that all relevant legislation

and conventions are followedand conventions are followed..

V.Ships is also committed to the V.Ships is also committed to the continuous improvementcontinuous improvement of of methods used to carry out this aim.methods used to carry out this aim.

DIRECTDIRECT SEA POLLUTION SEA POLLUTION CAUSESCAUSES

•• Almost all pollution incidents are avoidableAlmost all pollution incidents are avoidable• • Most discharges are via operational incidentsMost discharges are via operational incidents

FAILURE TO FOLLOW PROCEDURES CAUSES:FAILURE TO FOLLOW PROCEDURES CAUSES:

• • heavy fines and/or imprisonment for those involvedheavy fines and/or imprisonment for those involved

• • significant costs for Owners in case of all pollution actssignificant costs for Owners in case of all pollution acts

• • damage to V.Ships reputationdamage to V.Ships reputation

SHIPBOARD SEA POLLUTION SHIPBOARD SEA POLLUTION SOURCESSOURCES

Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in BulkNoxious Liquid Substances in Bulk

MARPOL Annex IIMARPOL Annex II

1.1. Overview: the carriage of chemicals at Overview: the carriage of chemicals at seasea

2.2. An overview of MARPOL Annex IIAn overview of MARPOL Annex IIi.i. Pollution Pollution CategorisationCategorisation

ii.ii. Ship TypesShip Types

iii.iii. Operational requirementsOperational requirements

OverviewOverview

Chemical transportation technically and Chemical transportation technically and logistically different from oil transportationlogistically different from oil transportationCargoesCargoes

extensive range from noxious or hazardous chemicals to extensive range from noxious or hazardous chemicals to edible oils and fatsedible oils and fats

every chemical cargo carried requires careful consideration every chemical cargo carried requires careful consideration during the planning process and loadingduring the planning process and loading

• relative temperature sensitivityrelative temperature sensitivity• semi-gasessemi-gases• possible need to be inhibitedpossible need to be inhibited• relative sensitivity to waterrelative sensitivity to water• potential to react with each otherpotential to react with each other

OverviewOverview

Chemical transportation technically and logistically Chemical transportation technically and logistically different from oil transportationdifferent from oil transportationShipsShips

50 plus tanks means complex and advanced 50 plus tanks means complex and advanced constructionconstruction• tank construction type for containmenttank construction type for containment• pumping requirementspumping requirements• tank coating compatibilitytank coating compatibility• venting requirementsventing requirements• gauging equipmentgauging equipment• vapour detectionvapour detection• fire protection mediumfire protection medium

50 plus tanks means complex and advanced 50 plus tanks means complex and advanced operationoperation• cross compatibility with other cargoes carriedcross compatibility with other cargoes carried• heating requirementsheating requirements• environmental controls if required e.g. inertingenvironmental controls if required e.g. inerting• inhibition requirementsinhibition requirements• density limitations of the product in relation to the cargo tank density limitations of the product in relation to the cargo tank

constructionconstruction

MARPOL Annex IIMARPOL Annex II

For ease of understanding Annex II can be divided into two clear sections:

i. Pollution categoriesii. Ship type requirements

Additionally there are also the:

iii. Operational requirements(for the actual/physical carriage of chemicals in bulk)

Annex II: Pollution categorisationAnnex II: Pollution categorisation

Early 1990’s IMO commenced review of• MARPOL Annex II regulations• International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code)

Why?• Editorial improvements• Adaptation to the revised GESAMP procedure• Reduce the number of categories• Simplification of operational requirements• Fewer non-regulated substances• Reduction of legal discharges• Keeping up with technical development• Adaptation to the Global Harmonized System (GHS)


Previously there were 5 pollution categories within Annex II: categories A, B, C, D and an Appendix III Appendix III listed products to which the IBC Code did not apply

As of 1st January 2007 we have 3+1 pollution category system:

X, Y, Z and OS

OS or Other Substances - includes apple juice, clay slurry, coal slurry, dextrose solution, glucose solution, kaoline slurry, molasses and water

Vegetable oils now upgraded from Appendix III (of the IBC Code) to Pollution Category Y

Oil like substances no longer exist (xylene, toluene, pentanes now require CoF and can no longer be carried on product tankers)


Category XCategory X: Noxious Liquid Substances which, if : Noxious Liquid Substances which, if

discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a deballasting operations, are deemed to present a major hazard to either marine resources or major hazard to either marine resources or human health and, therefore, justify the human health and, therefore, justify the prohibition of the discharge into the marine prohibition of the discharge into the marine environment; environment;

Category YCategory Y: Noxious Liquid Substances which, if : Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a deballasting operations, are deemed to present a hazard to either marine resources or human hazard to either marine resources or human health or cause harm to amenities or other health or cause harm to amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea and therefore justify a legitimate uses of the sea and therefore justify a limitation on the quality and quantity of the limitation on the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine environment; discharge into the marine environment;


Category ZCategory Z: Noxious Liquid Substances which, if : Noxious Liquid Substances which, if

discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a deballasting operations, are deemed to present a minor hazard to either marine resources or minor hazard to either marine resources or human health and therefore justify less stringent human health and therefore justify less stringent restrictions on the quality and quantity of the restrictions on the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine environment; and discharge into the marine environment; and

Other SubstancesOther Substances: substances which have been : substances which have been evaluated and found to fall outside Category X, Y evaluated and found to fall outside Category X, Y or Z because they are considered to present no or Z because they are considered to present no harm to marine resources, human health, harm to marine resources, human health, amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea when discharged into the sea from tank cleaning when discharged into the sea from tank cleaning of deballasting operations. of deballasting operations.

Annex II: Ship typesAnnex II: Ship types

What is an IMO Ship Type?What is an IMO Ship Type?

The International Code for the The International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in BulkChemicals in Bulk IBC Code IBC Code provides detailed standards for provides detailed standards for the construction and equipment the construction and equipment of three types of chemical of three types of chemical tankers (Types 1, 2 and 3) tankers (Types 1, 2 and 3)

The bulk carriage of any liquid The bulk carriage of any liquid product other than those defined product other than those defined as oil (subject to MARPOL Annex as oil (subject to MARPOL Annex I) is prohibited unless the product I) is prohibited unless the product has been evaluated and has been evaluated and categorised for inclusion in categorised for inclusion in Chapter 17 or 18 of the IBC CodeChapter 17 or 18 of the IBC Code

IMO Ship Type 1is a chemical tanker intended for the transportation of products considered to present the greatest overall hazard. The quantity of cargo required to be carried in a Type 1 ship should not exceed 1,250 m3 in any one tank

IMO Ship Type 2 is intended to transport products with appreciably severe environmental and safety hazards which require significant preventive measures to preclude escape of such cargo. The quantity of cargo required to be carried in a Type 2 ship should not exceed 3000 m3 in any one tank

IMO Ship Type 3 is a chemical tanker intended to transport products with sufficiently severe environmental and safety hazards. These products require a moderate degree of containment to increase survival capability in a damaged condition. There is no filling restriction for chemicals assigned to Ship Type 3



Cargo Tank LocationCargo Tank Location

2.6.1 Cargo tanks shall be located at the following distances inboard:2.6.1 Cargo tanks shall be located at the following distances inboard:

.1 Type 1 ships: from the side shell plating, not less than the transverse .1 Type 1 ships: from the side shell plating, not less than the transverse extent of damage specified in 2.5.1.1.2, (B/5 or 11.5m whichever is extent of damage specified in 2.5.1.1.2, (B/5 or 11.5m whichever is less), and from the moulded line of the bottom shell plating at less), and from the moulded line of the bottom shell plating at centreline, not less than the vertical extent of damage specified in centreline, not less than the vertical extent of damage specified in 2.5.1.2.3, (B/15 or 6 m whichever is less), and nowhere less than 760 2.5.1.2.3, (B/15 or 6 m whichever is less), and nowhere less than 760 mm from the shell plating. This requirement does not apply to the tanks mm from the shell plating. This requirement does not apply to the tanks for diluted slops arising from tank washing.for diluted slops arising from tank washing.

.2 Type 2 ships: from the moulded line of the bottom shell plating at .2 Type 2 ships: from the moulded line of the bottom shell plating at centreline, not less than the vertical extent of damage specified in centreline, not less than the vertical extent of damage specified in 2.5.1.2.3, (B/15 or 6 m which ever is less), and nowhere less than 760 2.5.1.2.3, (B/15 or 6 m which ever is less), and nowhere less than 760 mm from the shell plating. This requirement does not apply to the tanks mm from the shell plating. This requirement does not apply to the tanks for diluted slops arising from tank washing.for diluted slops arising from tank washing.

.3 Type 3 ships: no requirement".3 Type 3 ships: no requirement"


Cargo Tank Location and Configuration Cargo Tank Location and Configuration

Annex II: Operational Req.

Stripping requirements (1)Stripping requirements (1)

The revised stripping limits will greatly reduce the amount of residues that The revised stripping limits will greatly reduce the amount of residues that vessels will be allowed to discharge into the marine environmentvessels will be allowed to discharge into the marine environment

Ships constructed before 1 July 1986 shall be provided with a pumping and Ships constructed before 1 July 1986 shall be provided with a pumping and piping arrangement to ensure that each tank certified for the carriage of piping arrangement to ensure that each tank certified for the carriage of substances in Category X or Y does not retain a quantity of residue in substances in Category X or Y does not retain a quantity of residue in excess of 300 litresexcess of 300 litresin the tank and its associated piping and that each tank certified for the in the tank and its associated piping and that each tank certified for the carriage of substances in Category Z does not retain a quantity of residue in carriage of substances in Category Z does not retain a quantity of residue in excess of 900 litres in the tank and its associated piping. A performance excess of 900 litres in the tank and its associated piping. A performance test shall be required to be carried out.test shall be required to be carried out.

Every ship constructed on or after 1 July 1986 but before 1 January 2007 Every ship constructed on or after 1 July 1986 but before 1 January 2007 shall be provided with a pumping and piping arrangement to ensure that shall be provided with a pumping and piping arrangement to ensure that each tank certified for the carriage of substances in Category X or Y does each tank certified for the carriage of substances in Category X or Y does not retain a quantity of residue in excess of 100 litres in the tank and its not retain a quantity of residue in excess of 100 litres in the tank and its associated piping and that each tank certified for the carriage of substances associated piping and that each tank certified for the carriage of substances in Category Z does not retain a quantity of residue in excess of 300 litres in in Category Z does not retain a quantity of residue in excess of 300 litres in the tank and its associated piping.the tank and its associated piping.


Stripping requirements (2)Stripping requirements (2)

Every ship constructed on or after 1 January Every ship constructed on or after 1 January 2007 shall be provided with a pumping and 2007 shall be provided with a pumping and piping arrangement to ensure that each tank piping arrangement to ensure that each tank certified for the carriage of substances in certified for the carriage of substances in Category X, Y or Z does not retain a quantity of Category X, Y or Z does not retain a quantity of residue in excess ofresidue in excess of75 litres in the tank and its associated piping.75 litres in the tank and its associated piping.

After 1 January 2007, the stripping performance After 1 January 2007, the stripping performance requirements will apply to all tankers holding a requirements will apply to all tankers holding a Certificate of Fitness (CoF).Certificate of Fitness (CoF).


Underwater discharge requirementsUnderwater discharge requirements

The underwater discharge arrangement for tank The underwater discharge arrangement for tank washing water is required for pollution categories washing water is required for pollution categories X and Y for ships keel laid before 1 January 2007. X and Y for ships keel laid before 1 January 2007.

New buildings will require such for all pollution New buildings will require such for all pollution categories X, Y and Z. categories X, Y and Z.

Category Z products will be exempted from the Category Z products will be exempted from the underwater discharge requirement, although underwater discharge requirement, although new vessels will be required to comply.new vessels will be required to comply.


Stripping and Discharge requirements SummarisedStripping and Discharge requirements Summarised


Certification of CargoesCertification of Cargoes

All non-oil cargoes carried in bulk are classified by the IMO and/or All non-oil cargoes carried in bulk are classified by the IMO and/or the vessel’s flag state/administrationthe vessel’s flag state/administration

The carriage requirements for a product are then determined by The carriage requirements for a product are then determined by these entities using the guidelines set forth by GESAMP* and IMOthese entities using the guidelines set forth by GESAMP* and IMO

If regulated by the IBC Code those cargoes must be authorised If regulated by the IBC Code those cargoes must be authorised for carriage on that particular ship and listed on the ship’s for carriage on that particular ship and listed on the ship’s Certificate of Fitness (CoF)Certificate of Fitness (CoF)

Every chemical tanker is required to have a Certificate of Fitness Every chemical tanker is required to have a Certificate of Fitness (CoF) – indicating that it is certified to carry certain products(CoF) – indicating that it is certified to carry certain products

The issuance of a CoF will also require a Procedures and The issuance of a CoF will also require a Procedures and Arrangements (P&A) ManualArrangements (P&A) Manual

*GESAMP – Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects related to Marine Pollution

Annex II: Operational Req.1. Tripartite Agreement

Categorizing new products needs to be considered:

• If cargo is not in IBC Code, provisional classification is given using a;• Tripartite Agreement initiated between1. the port state of the shipper2. the flag state of the carrier3. the port state receiving the cargo

2. Provisional Categorization of Liquid SubstancesThree year deadline by initiator for full details of product for classification (not acceptable for repeated

Tripartite Agreements)

So, when there is a need to transport a bulk liquid cargo that has not been classified, the shippers have to go to their administration and request that a tripartite agreement be established between the shipping country, the receiving country, and the ship's flag state (Regulation 3(4))

marpol annex ii noxious liquid substances pollution prevention

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