New Edition Market Leader

Units 1-4

Vocabulary: Business Terms

Unit 1: Brands

“The most distinctive skill of professional

marketers is their ability to create, maintain,

protect and enhance brands.”

(Philip Kotler, marketing expert)

new brands vs. established, strong brands

Products can be:

affordablecooldefectivedurableexcitingfashionablegood qualityhigh pricedinexpensive

luxuriousproduced under licencereliablestylishtimelessvalue for moneywell-madetop of the range

You can... a product

develop

endorse

launch

modify

outsource

place

promote

recall

redesign

relaunch

reposition

test

replace

roll-out

Word partnerships: brand, product

brand loyalty

brand image

brand stretching

brand awareness

brand name

product launch

product lifecycle

product range

product placement

product endorsement

Reading: Outsourcing production

Made in Europe

label

manufacture(r)

low-cost market

gross margin

factory/plant

licence (under licence)

renew a licence

(a) flagship (store)

manufacturing location

country of origin

goods

sales at (retail value)

offshore (production)

Unit 2

Travel

Word choice:

travel

travelling

journey

trip

voyage

crossing

flight

TRAVEL AND TRAVELLING

used to mean the general activity of moving fromplace to place Air travel is becoming cheaper. Her work involves a lot of travelling. form/means/mode of travel (=the type of vehicle

you use) rail/air/space travel TRAVELS [plural] journeys to places that are far

away, usually for pleasure We met some very interesting people on our travels in

Thailand.

JOURNEY

1) to talk about travelling a long distance or travelling regularly, when the emphasis is on the travelling itself

a long and difficult journey (NOT travel) through the mountains I read during the train journey to work. Did you have a good journey? (=Were you comfortable, was the train on timeetc?) make a journey/go on a journey (=make a long journey) break a journey (BrE) (=make a short stop in a journey)car/train/bus journey return journey (=a journey home from a place) safe journey (=used especially to wish someone a good journey) wasted journey (=one that did not achieve the result you wanted) leg of a journey (=one part of a journey) 2) (literary) a long and often difficult process by which someone or somethingchanges and develops: our journey through lifeThe novel is an account of his spiritual journey.

TRIP

when you go on a short journey, or a journey youdo not usually make, and come back again

Use this when the emphasis is on where you aregoing or why you are going there :

my first trip to the States a business trip Was it a good trip? (=Did you achieve what you wanted toor have a good time there?)

TRIP

trip to Did you enjoy your trip to Disneyland?trip from The Palace is only a short trip from here.business/school/shopping etc trip a business trip to JapanTwo lucky employees won a round-the-world trip.coach/boat/bus trip a boat trip up the Thamesday trip (=a pleasure trip done in one day)It's an 80-mile round trip (=a journey to a place and back again) toExeter.return trip (=when you are travelling back to where you started)I'm afraid you've had a wasted trip (=a trip in which you do notachieve your purpose), Mr Burgess has already left.go on/take a trip We're thinking of taking a trip to the mountains.He was unable to make the trip to accept the award.

VOYAGE

1) used for a long sea journey a voyage across the ocean the Titanic's maiden voyage (=first journey)These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise.

2) voyage of discovery: a situation in which you learn a lot of new things about something or someone:

Writing a biography is an absorbing voyage of discovery.a voyage of self-discovery (=when you learn more about yourself)

CROSSING

1) used for a fairly short sea journey The crossing takes 90 minutes.

2) a place where you can safely cross a road,railway, river etc:

You must give way to any pedestrians on thecrossing. (prijelaz)

level crossing (AmE) railroad crossing, pedestrian crossing (AmE crosswalk), pelican crossing, zebracrossing3) a place where two lines, roads, tracks etc cross:

Turn left at the first crossing. (raskrižje)

FLIGHT

used for a journey by air Have a good flight!

book a flightcatch a flight (=get on a plane to go somewhere) miss a flight (=arrive too late to get on a plane)cancel a flight a long/short flight a domestic flight (=to another place in the

same country) an international flight (=to another country) a non-stop/direct flight a connecting flight (=a flight to continue a journey, after

a previous flight)

Unit 2

Travel experiences

SEATS

seats (NOT chairs or places)a place where you can sit, especially one in a vehicle orone from which you watch a performance, sports event etc

back/rear/front seat (=the back or front seat in a car)driver's seat passenger seat (=the seat next to the driver's seat in acar) window/aisle seatempty/vacant seat front-row seat (=in a theatre, sports ground etc) good seat (=one from which you can see well) have/take a seat show somebody to their seat book/reserve a seat

TROLLEY

1 BrE a large basket on wheels thatyou use for carrying bags, shopping[= cart AmE]

a supermarket trolley2 BrE a small table on wheelsused for serving food [= cart AmE]

a drinks trolleythe sweet trolley

3 AmE an electric vehicle forcarrying passengers which movesalong the street on metal tracks[= tram BrE]

QUEUE (n, v)

(British English) a line of people waiting to enter a building,buy something etc, or a line of vehicles waiting to move[= line AmE]

be/stand/wait in a queue (= to queue - verb)We stood in a queue for half an hour.You'll have to join the queue.

queue of a queue of people waiting for the busqueue for the queue for the toiletsqueue to do something

There was a long queue to get into the cinema.the front/head/back/end of a queue

At last we got to the front of the queue.

LUGGAGE

the cases, bags etc that you carry when you

are travelling [= baggage AmE]

They searched his luggage for illegal drugs.

hand luggage/carry-on baggage

JET LAG

[uncountable]the tired and confused feeling that you canget after flying a very long distance,especially because of the difference in timebetween the place you left and the place youarrived at:

I'm suffering from jet lag but I'll feel better after agood night's sleep.

jet-lagged (adjective)

British and American English...(the BrE expressions are underlined)

subwaycity center

carry-on baggageone way

returnfreeway

rest roomelevator

coach classtimetablecar park

undergrounddowntownhand luggagesingleround tripmotorwaypublic toiletlifteconomy classscheduleparking lot

...some more differences

airplane cabcall collectcheckfirst floor, second floorgas(oline)intersectionmailrailroad

aeroplanetaxireverse the chargesbillground floor, first floorpetrolcrossroadspostrailway

Unit 3

Organisation

Businesses come in many guises...

self-employed > self-discipline, self-starters(someone who is able to work successfully on their own without

needing other people's help or a lot of instructions)

sole trader (a legal form of company in some

countries for someone who has their own business,

with no other shareholders)

SME (small to medium-sized enterprise)

multinational > hierarchy, numerous employees

WORD FOCUS: COMPANY

similar words: firm, businessa big company: corporation, multinational,

conglomeratean Internet company: dot-com (dot com, dot.com)a company that is owned by a larger company:subsidiary, affiliateabbreviations used in company names:

Ltd (Limited)Co. (Company)Corp. (Corporation)PLC (Public Limited Company) British English, Pty. (Proprietary) used in Australia and South Africa

Motivation...

(e.g. advertising agencies) > relatively

autonomous (not given exact procedures on

how to meet objectives) > productive,

creative

(e.g. banks) > centralised (exact procedures

that must be followed imposed from above)

Tendency towards FLAT STRUCTURES...

> only a few levels of hierarchy

> the senior management relatively close to the people dealing with clients

FLEXIBILITY

current buzzword1. flexitime, flextime (within certain limits: particular number of

hours, change the times at which to start or finish)2. flexible working, hot desking (hot desk: a desk which is used

by different workers on different days, instead of by the sameworker every day) availability of fast broadband Internet connections andmobile phones: home working, teleworking, telecommuting

3.core staffoutsourcing/contracting out work as and when requiredportfolio workers > number of different clients

COMPANY STRUCTURE

HEAD OFFICE the main office of a company BRANCHES/OUTLETSa shop, company, or organization throughwhich products are sold > outlet a local business, shop etc that is part of alarger business etc: The bank has branches all over the country.a branch office in Boston

COMPANY STRUCTURE

DISTRIBUTION CENTER

when goods are supplied to shops and companies for

them to sell

WAREHOUSE

a large building for storing large quantities of goods

warehouse store a type of store that sells things in

large amounts, so that you can buy them at a lower

price than at normal stores

COMPANY STRUCTURE

CALL CENTREan office where people answer customers‘questions, make sales, etc. by using thetelephone rather than by meeting people SUBSIDIARYa company that is owned or controlled byanother larger company: a subsidiary of a US company

QUALITIES OF AN ORGANISATION

BUREAUCRATICinvolving a lot of complicated official rules andprocesses FACELESSa faceless person, organization, or building hasnothing that makes them special, interesting, ordifferent - used to show disapproval: He had become just another faceless bureaucrat.

QUALITIES OF AN ORGANISATION

MARKET-DRIVENactivities, products, developments etc are aresult of public demand for a particular product,service, or skill: a market-driven economyLEANa lean organization, company etc uses only asmuch money and as many people as it needs,so that nothing is wasted

QUALITIES OF AN ORGANISATION

FORWARD-LOOKINGplanning for and thinking about the future in a positive way,especially by being willing to use modern methods or idea [  backward-looking]: ↪

a forward-looking Russian statesmanRESPONSIVE1 reacting quickly, in a positive way: a car with highly responsive steeringWe try to be responsive to the needs of the customer.2 eager to communicate with people, and to react to them in apositive way: I tried to get him talking, but he wasn't very responsive.

QUALITIES OF AN ORGANISATION

bureaucratic (de)centralised (im)personal (un)caring(un)democraticmarket-drivendynamic(un)professionalconservative

hierarchicalprogressive(in)efficientfacelessforward-lookingleanamateurish (un)responsive