mark 13_part one_web version

Gospel of MARK Chap.13

©December 2015

Emmanuel [email protected]

Parallel Scriptures: Luke 21 & Matthew 24

PART ONE

mailto:[email protected]

Eschatology

The branch of theology, or

doctrines, dealing with death,

resurrection, judgment,

immortality, etc.

The Gospels

Matthew, Mark, Luke & John

General Letters

Acts, Romans, 1&2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians,

Philippians, Colossians, 1&2 Thessalonians, Titus,

Philemon, Hebrews, James, 1&2 Peter, 1 2&3 John & Jude

Pastoral Letters

1&2 Timothy, Titus

Apocalyptic writings

Revelation

Mark 13 | Luke 21 | Matthew 24 – (Mini Apocalypse)

New Testament Literary Types

Exegesis is the careful, systematic study of the scripture to

discover the original, intended meaning.

Eisigesis is reading meaning into a text, different from it’s

original meaning

Rule: the text can not mean for us today what it never meant

for the original readers.

1.Literary

2.Symbolic

3.Face Value (Contextual)

Note: A scripture taken out of CONTEX is a PRETEX

Exegesis and Eisegesis of Bible Interpretation

Mark 13:1-13

As he was leaving the temple, one of his disciples said to him, "Look, Teacher! What massive stones!

What magnificent buildings!" 2 "Do you see all these great buildings?" replied Jesus. "Not one stone here will be left on another;

every one will be thrown down." 3 As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter, James, John and Andrew

asked him privately, 4 "Tell us, when will these things happen? And what will be the sign that they

are all about to be fulfilled?"5 Jesus said to them: "Watch out that no one deceives you. 6 Many will come in my name, claiming, 'I

am he,' and will deceive many. 7 When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed.

Such things must happen, but the end is still to come. 8 Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom

against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These are the beginning

of birth pains.9 "You must be on your guard. You will be handed over to the local councils and flogged in the

synagogues. On account of me you will stand before governors and kings as witnesses to them. 10 And

the gospel must first be preached to all nations. 11 Whenever you are arrested and brought to trial,

do not worry beforehand about what to say. Just say whatever is given you at the time, for it is not

you speaking, but the Holy Spirit.12 "Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child. Children will rebel against their

parents and have them put to death. 13 All men will hate you because of me, but he who stands firm

to the end will be saved.

Mark 13:14-2514 "When you see 'the abomination that causes desolation' a standing where it b does

not belong — let the reader understand — then let those who are in Judea flee to

the mountains. 15 Let no one on the roof of his house go down or enter the house to

take anything out. 16 Let no one in the field go back to get his cloak. 17 How dreadful

it will be in those days for pregnant women and nursing mothers! 18 Pray that this

will not take place in winter, 19 because those will be days of distress unequaled

from the beginning, when God created the world, until now — and never to be

equaled again. 20 If the Lord had not cut short those days, no one would survive. But

for the sake of the elect, whom he has chosen, he has shortened them. 21 At that

time if anyone says to you, 'Look, here is the Christ c!' or, 'Look, there he is!' do not

believe it. 22 For false Christs and false prophets will appear and perform signs and

miracles to deceive the elect — if that were possible. 23 So be on your guard; I have

told you everything ahead of time. 24 "But in those days, following that distress,

"'the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; 25 the stars will fall from the sky, and the heavenly bodies will be shaken.'

Mark 13:26-3726 "At that time men will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and

glory. 27 And he will send his angels and gather his elect from the four winds, from

the ends of the earth to the ends of the heavens. 28 "Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its twigs get tender and its

leaves come out, you know that summer is near. 29 Even so, when you see these

things happening, you know that it is near, right at the door. 30 I tell you the truth,

this generation e will certainly not pass away until all these things have happened. 31

Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away. 32 "No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven, nor the

Son, but only the Father. 33 Be on guard! Be alert f! You do not know when that time

will come. 34 It's like a man going away: He leaves his house and puts his servants in

charge, each with his assigned task, and tells the one at the door to keep watch. 35 "Therefore keep watch because you do not know when the owner of the house

will come back — whether in the evening, or at midnight, or when the rooster

crows, or at dawn. 36 If he comes suddenly, do not let him find you sleeping. 37 What I

say to you, I say to everyone: 'Watch!'"

Issues to Cover

Intro: Events before Mark 13

1. The Big Questions - Mk. 13:1-4 | Lk. 21: 5-7 | Matt 24:1-3

What were the disciples were asking for?

Jesus’ Second coming?

End of the Age?

2. The time to wait (signs of the end) Mark 13:5-13 | Matt. 24: 4-14

Eye witness accounts

False saviors

Wars and rumors of war

Famines

Earthquakes

Fearful sights and great signs from heaven

The siege by Vespasian and Titus

3. The time to Run – Mark 13:14-25 | Matt. 24: 15-28

The Abomination that causes Desolation

The call for understanding – Daniel 9:27, 11:31-35, 12:11-12

What about the Rapture?

Jesus’ “coming” - a study in biblical symbolism

What is a generation? - Matt. 24: 32-35

Parables that applied to 70AD

Warning for us today and our hope as Christians

(when will these things happen? And what will be

the sign that they are all about to be fulfilled?)

Pre & Post Mark 13 Events

Luke 19:41-45 (Pre Mark 13)

As he approached Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it

42and said, "If you, even you, had only known on this day what

would bring you peace--but now it is hidden from your eyes.

43The days will come upon you when your enemies will build an

embankment against you and encircle you and hem you in on

every side. 44They will dash you to the ground, you and the

children within your walls. They will not leave one stone on

another, because you did not recognize the time of God's

coming to you."

45Then he entered the temple area and began driving out those

who were selling.

Luke 23:26-31 (Post Mark 13)

26 As they led him away, they seized Simon from Cyrene, who was

on his way in from the country, and put the cross on him and

made him carry it behind Jesus. 27 A large number of people

followed him, including women who mourned and wailed for

him. 28 Jesus turned and said to them, "Daughters of Jerusalem,

do not weep for me; weep for yourselves and for your children. 29

For the time will come when you will say, 'Blessed are the barren

women, the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never

nursed!' 30 Then

"'they will say to the mountains, "Fall on us!"

and to the hills, "Cover us!" ' d

31 For if men do these things when the tree is green, what will

happen when it is dry?"

Mark 13:1-2

As he was leaving the temple, one of his disciples said to him, "Look,

Teacher! What massive stones! What magnificent buildings!" 2 "Do you see all these great buildings?" replied Jesus. "Not one stone

here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down."

What were the

disciples asking?


End of the Age?

1.The Big Questions Matt 24:1-3 | Mk. 13:1-4 | Lk. 21: 5-7

The focus was on the

Temple and it’s Destruction

How many questions?

Q1 - When will the Temple be

Destroyed?

Q2 - How are we to know the

time of it’s Destruction?

Three Witness Gospel

Matthew 241Jesus left the temple and was walking away when his disciples came up to him to call his

attention to its buildings. 2"Do you see all these things?" he asked. "I tell you the truth, not one

stone here will be left on another; every one will be thrown down."

3As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives, the disciples came to him privately. "Tell us,"

they said, "when will this happen, and what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of

the age?"

Mark 131As he was leaving the temple, one of his disciples said to him, "Look, Teacher! What massive

stones! What magnificent buildings!"

2"Do you see all these great buildings?" replied Jesus. "Not one stone here will be left on

another; every one will be thrown down."

3As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter, James, John and

Andrew asked him privately, 4"Tell us, when will these things happen? And what will be the

sign that they are all about to be fulfilled?"

Luke 215Some of his disciples were remarking about how the temple was adorned with beautiful

stones and with gifts dedicated to God. But Jesus said, 6"As for what you see here, the time

will come when not one stone will be left on another; every one of them will be thrown down."

7"Teacher," they asked, "when will these things happen? And what will be the sign that they

are about to take place?"

Mark 13:3-43 As Jesus was sitting on the Mount of Olives opposite the

temple, Peter, James, John and Andrew asked him privately, 4

"Tell us, when will these things happen? And what will be the

sign that they are all about to be fulfilled?"

2.The time to wait Mark 13:5-13 | Matt. 24:4-14 | Luke 21:12-18 end) Matt. 24: 4-

14


False saviors


Famines

Christian persecution | Betrayal

Earthquakes



Mark 13:5-135 Jesus said to them: "Watch out that no one deceives you. 6 Many will come

in my name, claiming, 'I am he,' and will deceive many. 7 When you hear of

wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed. Such things must happen, but

the end is still to come. 8 Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against

kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, and famines. These

are the beginning of birth pains.9 "You must be on your guard. You will be handed over to the local councils

and flogged in the synagogues. On account of me you will stand before

governors and kings as witnesses to them. 10 And the gospel must first be

preached to all nations. 11 Whenever you are arrested and brought to trial,

do not worry beforehand about what to say. Just say whatever is given you

at the time, for it is not you speaking, but the Holy Spirit.12 "Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child. Children will

rebel against their parents and have them put to death. 13 All men will hate

you because of me, but he who stands firm to the end will be saved.

Flavius Josephus

Eye witness accounts & Historical Sources

Eusebius of Caesarea

The Father of Church History

Suetonius (75-150)

Cornelius Tacitus

1."The land was over run with magicians,

seducers, and imposters, who drew the

people after them in multitudes into

solitudes and deserts, to see signs and

miracles which they promised to show by

the power of God”

2.The tyrannical zealots who ruled the city

(Jerusalem) suborned many false prophets

to declare that aid would be given to the

people from heaven. This was done to

prevent them from attempting to desert

(flee the city), and to inspire confidence in

God.“ - Wars VI:5:2:3

Flavius Josephus

1. 325AD Eusebius (Regarding Simon, See Acts 8)

"After the Lord was taken up into heaven the demons put forth a number of

men who claimed to be gods. These not only escape being persecuted by

you, but were actually the objects of worship - for example Simon, a

Samaritan from the village called Gittho, who in Claudius Caesar's time,

thanks to the art of the demons who possessed him, worked wonders of

magic, and in your imperial city of Rome was regarded as a god, and like a

god was honoured by you with a statue in the River Tiber between the two

bridges. It bears this inscription in Latin, SIMONI DEO SANCTO. Almost all

Samaritans, and a few from other nations too, acknowledge him as their

principle god, and worship him." (p. 86)

2. 325AD Eusebius (Regarding Theudas see Acts 5:36)

"When Fadus was procurator of Judea, an imposter called Theudas

persuaded a vast crowd to take their belongings and follow him to the River

Jordan; for he claimed to be a prophet, and promised to divide the river by

his command and provide them with an easy crossing. A great many people

were deceived by this talk. Fadus however did not allow them to enjoy their

folly, but sent a troop of calvary against them. These attacked them without

warning, killed many, and took many alive, capturing Theudas himself,

whose head they cut off and conveyed to Jerusalem." (pp.84-85)

Eusebius of Caesarea

3.325AD Eusebius (Regarding the Egyptian of Acts 21:38)

"A greater blow than this was inflicted on the Jews by the

Egyptian false prophet. Arriving in the country this man, a

fraud who posed as a seer, collected about 30,000 dupes, led

them round by the wild country to the Mount of Olives, and

from there was ready to force an entry into Jerusalem,

overwhelm the Roman garrison, and seize supreme power, with

his fellow-raiders as bodyguards. But Felix anticipated his

attempt by meeting him with the Roman heavy infantry, the

whole population rallying to the defense, so that when the

clash occurred the Egyptian fled with a handful of men and

most of his followers were killed or captured." (pp. 96-97) …

"These works, that were done by the robbers, filled the city with all sorts of impiety. And

now these impostors and deceivers persuaded the multitude to follow them into the

wilderness, and pretended that they would exhibit manifest wonders and signs, that

should be performed by the providence of God. And many that were prevailed on by

them suffered the punishments of their folly; for Felix brought them back, and then

punished them. Moreover, there came out of Egypt about this time to Jerusalem one

that said he was a prophet, and advised the multitude of the common people to go

along with him to the Mount of Olives, as it was called, which lay over against the city,

and at the distance of five furlongs. He said further, that he would show them from

hence how, at his command, the walls of Jerusalem would fall down; and he promised

them that he would procure them an entrance into the city through those walls, when

they were fallen down. Now when Felix was informed of these things, he ordered his

soldiers to take their weapons, and came against them with a great number of

horsemen and footmen from Jerusalem, and attacked the Egyptian and the people that

were with him. He also slew four hundred of them, and took two hundred alive. But the

Egyptian himself escaped out of the fight, but did not appear any more. And again the

robbers stirred up the people to make war with the Romans, and said they ought not to

obey them at all; and when any persons would not comply with them, they set fire to

their villages, and plundered them. (Book XX, Chapter VIII, Section 6)

Wars and Rumors of Wars

1. Jews destroyed at Seleucia by Greeks

2. Jews and Philadelphians – 10000 trodden to death by roman soldiers

3. Jews and Samaritans over a murdered Jew

4. Jews and Syrians

5. Damascus

6. Tyre

7. Ascalon

8. Gadara

9. Scythropolis – 13000 in one night

10. Alexandria – 15000

11. The siege of Jopata – 40000 perished

12.etc

On Famines:

Agabus: Whole Roman world (41-54 AD)

Historians record: 30,000 died in Rome alone during one famine

Reign of Claudius: Twice

False Saviours

1. Dositheus the Samarian claimed to be the Messiah

2. Simon Magus – the great power of God

3. Another Samaritan imposter 3 years after Simon

4. Theudas – Jordan Miracles

5. During reign of Festus, deceivers rose daily in Judea.

6. Felix the Egyptian had 30000 followers

7. During the reign of Festus, imposters promised deliverance

from Rome.

1.The first wave of persecution occurred in

Palestine at the hands of the Jews.

2.The second came at the instigation of Jewish

leaders in the diaspora and unhappy pagans.

3.third wave began in 64 AD under Nero, who

blamed Christians for the burning of Rome.

Three Waves Of Persecution Upon Christians:

Earthquakes

1. Rome - 51AD

2. Crete 46AD

3. Apamea in Syria – 53AD no tribute for four years

4. Smyrna

5. Miletus

6. Chios

7. Samos

8. Laodicea (overthrown) - 60AD

9. Hierapolis (overthrown)

10. Colosse (overthrown)

11. Philippi - Acts 16:26

12. Campania in Suetonius - 62AD

13. Bible mentions 2 earthquakes in Jerusalem : Mt 27:51; 28:2

14. Jerusalem before the siege – most intense

THE EARTHQUAKE BELTS OF THE EARTH

Earthquakes & Historical Facts

Fearful Sights And Great Signs From Heaven

1. Meteor resembling a sword over Jerusalem – 1 year

2. Brilliant light at midnight in temple – 1 hour

3. Heifer bearing a lamb on way to sacrifice

4. Eastern gate opens at 6th hour of night

- Brass gate needs 23 men to close

- Was bolted

5. Chariots and armed men seen in air around Jerusalem

6. Shaking, murmuring, voices of multitude heard in empty

temple , saying, “Let us depart hence”

7. Jesus son of Ananus (seven years began preaching)

“a voice from the east…”

Signs and Events

1. False saviours will arise

2. Wars and rumors of wars

3. Rebellion

4. Famine

5. Earthquakes in various places

6. Massive Christian persecution and executions

7. Large scale falling away and defection of Christians due to the

intensity of the persecution

8. Betrayals

9. Loss of love, hatred, increase in wickedness.

10. Only faithful disciples will survive

11. Gospel will be taken round the world (Col. 1:23)

This was Jesus’ “expo” to his disciples.

He was preparing them for the coming disaster.

2.The time to wait Mark 13:5-13 | Matt. 24:4-14 | Luke 21:12-18 end) Matt. 24: 4-

14


False saviors


Famines

Christian persecution | Betrayal

Earthquakes



Do we need to look for a modern day

fulfillment when 70AD already fits?

2 Peter 315Bear in mind that our Lord's patience means salvation, just as our dear brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom that God gave him. 16He writes the same way in all his letters, speaking in them of these matters. His letters contain some things that are hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the other Scriptures, to their own destruction. 17Therefore, dear friends, since you already know this, be on your guard so that you may not be carried away by the error of lawless men and fall from your secure position. 18But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To him be glory both now and forever! Amen.

Matthew 22:29

Jesus replied,

"You are in error

because you do

not know the

Scriptures or the

power of God.

Jesus’ coming?

The use of the word, “coming” must not be

confused with Jesus’ “Second Coming”

“Coming” is used as a pronouncement of

God’s judgment or punishment on a people or

nation.

Below are examples of such use of this type

of symbolism

Micah 1:3 (Judgment against Samaria and Jerusalem)

Look! The LORD is coming from his dwelling place;

he comes down and treads the high places of the earth.

4The mountains melt beneath him and the valleys split apart,

like wax before the fire, like water rushing down a slope.

5All this is because of Jacob's transgression,

because of the sins of the house of Israel.

What is Jacob's transgression?

Is it not Samaria?

What is Judah's high place?

Is it not Jerusalem?

6"Therefore I will make Samaria a heap of rubble,

a place for planting vineyards.

I will pour her stones into the valley and lay bare her foundations.

7All her idols will be broken to pieces; all her temple gifts will be burned with

fire;

I will destroy all her images.

Since she gathered her gifts from the wages of prostitutes,

as the wages of prostitutes they will again be used.“

Isaiah 19 (Judgment against Egypt)

1An oracle concerning Egypt:

See, the LORD rides on a swift cloud

and is coming to Egypt.

The idols of Egypt tremble before him,

and the hearts of the Egyptians melt within them.

2"I will stir up Egyptian against Egyptian--

brother will fight against brother,

neighbor against neighbor,

city against city,

kingdom against kingdom.

Luke 19 (Destruction of Jerusalem 1st Century AD)

41As he approached Jerusalem and saw the city, he

wept over it 42and said, "If you, even you, had only

known on this day what would bring you peace--but

now it is hidden from your eyes. 43The days will come

upon you when your enemies will build an embankment

against you and encircle you and hem you in on every

side. 44They will dash you to the ground, you and the

children within your walls. They will not leave one

stone on another, because you did not recognize the

time of God's coming to you."

What about the

“End of the Age?”

Matt 24:3

Tell us," they said, "when will this happen, and what will be

the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?"

1 Cor. 2

6We do, however, speak a message of wisdom among the mature,

but not the wisdom of this age or of the rulers of this age, who

are coming to nothing. 7No, we speak of God's secret wisdom, a

wisdom that has been hidden and that God destined for our glory

before time began. 8None of the rulers of this age understood it,

for if they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory.

This is not the “End of the World”

“Age” in this context means the Present Political, Religious

Worldly System

We need to decide from here if Jesus was talking about his

present time or some distant future

The Jewish Division and Warring Parties

Simon son of Gioras

John of Gischala

Eleazer

Israel already weakened before the siege

Vespasian

Titus (two years)

The siege (timing) Luke 19:41-44

41As he approached Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it 42and said, "If you, even

you, had only known on this day what would bring you peace--but now it is hidden from your

eyes. 43The days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment against

you and encircle you and hem you in on every side. 44They will dash you to the ground, you

and the children within your walls. They will not leave one stone on another, because you did

not recognize the time of God's coming to you."

Jewish pride and stubbornness (Micah 3:11)

11Her leaders judge for a bribe,

her priests teach for a price,

and her prophets tell fortunes for money.

Yet they lean upon the LORD and say,

"Is not the LORD among us?

No disaster will come upon us."


The siege

Titus’ intervention

Josephus’ intervention

Famine

Cannibalism

Final and total destruction

1. Romans breach Third Wall May 25 and capture New City.

2. Romans enter Second Quarter. Jews withdraw behind first wall.

May 30-June 2.

3. Titus' divided attack on First Wall and the Antonia fail.

4. Romans build siege wall around city.

5. Romans renew assault on the Antonia. Fortress falls to Titus July

22.

6. Romans burn gates and enter Temple courtyards.

On August 10 Temple destroyed by fire.

7. Romans burn the Lower City. September 2?

Romans assault Herod's Palace and enter the Upper City.

Resistance ends on September 26.

Key To Events of Siege

Issues to Cover (Recap of out Outline)

Intro: Events before Mark 13

1. The Big Questions - Mk. 13:1-4 | Lk. 21: 5-7 | Matt 24:1-3

What were the disciples were asking for?


End of the Age?

2. The time to wait (signs of the end) Mark 13:5-13 | Matt. 24: 4-14


False saviors


Famines

Earthquakes



3. The time to Run – Mark 13:14-25 | Matt. 24: 15-28

The Abomination that causes Desolation

The call for understanding – Daniel 9:27, 11:31-35, 12:11-12

What about the Rapture?

Jesus’ “coming” - a study in biblical symbolism

What is a generation? - Matt. 24: 32-35

Parables that applied to 70AD

Warning for us today and our hope as Christians

(when will these things happen? And what will be

the sign that they are all about to be fulfilled?)

Gospel of MARK Chap.13

Parallel Scriptures: Luke 21 & Matthew 24

END OF PART ONE ©December 2015

Emmanuel [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mark 13_part one_web version

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