Maritime Transportation on the Great Lakes and

Dimensional Analysis

Our lives would not be the same without them!

Paul R. Tegurtha

Christened April 25, 1981as the William J. De Lancey

Cost to build: $60 million

Length: 1013.5 ft

Cargo Capacity: 68000 metric tons

Largest Great Lake Freighter “Laker”

The BIG Three: ◦ iron ore (50 million tons/year)◦ limestone (25 million tons/year)◦ coal (20 million tons/year)

Western Coal (low sulfur) Eastern Coal (high sulfur) EPA Regulations require a mix!

Others: Cement, salt, sand, grain, and gypsum, and more

63 Commercial Ports

Commodities on the GL Seaway

http://www.lcaships.com/industry/

http://www.dlund.20m.com/images_newest/Taconite.JPG

Policy and Procedures of Maritime Transport divided amongst Canada and the United States◦ Canada – 2 Provinces◦ United States – 8 States

227,000 jobs in the U.S. and Canada $14.1 billion in salary and wages per year $33.5 billion in business revenue $4.6 billion in federal, state/provincial and local

taxes 164 million metric tons of essential raw materials

and finished products ◦ North American farmers, steel producers, construction

firms, food manufacturers, and power generators

Interstate and International Impacts

http://www.marinedelivers.com/press-releases/us-media/year-date-total-cargo-shipments-through-seaway-3-percent

18, 000 tonnes x 1 vessel = 1 vessel

18,000 tonnes

18, 000 tonnes x 1Rail Car = 180 Rail Cars

100 tonnes

18,000 tonnes x 1 Semi = 692 Semi-trucks

26 tonnes

You need to transport 18,000 metric tons of coal. What mode of transportation do you use?

Port of Green Bay Presentation

Do these values match those in previous slide? How will you solve to verify?

www.greatlakes-seaway.com

In 2009, what was the average household energy consumption in BTUs?

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Residential Energy Consumption Survey.

Answer from previous slide is 90 million BTU, what is this in scientific notation?◦ 9.0 x 107 BTU

What else do we need to know? Energy from a coal plant: 10,444 BTU/KWH

◦ (British Thermal Units per Kilowatt-hour) 0.9 KWH/lb of coal If ports are properly dredged, a Laker can

carry 70,000 American tons of coal

What portion of a freighter does the average household need per year?

9.0x107 BTU x 1 KWH x 1 lb x 1 ton x 1 freighter =

10,444 BTU 0.9 KWH 2,000 lb 70,000 ton

ANSWER = 6.839 x 10-5 freighters

100,000 Homes on average would need 6.839 Freighters of Coal!!

SET IT UP – Conversion factors are provided, START WITH GIVEN

9.0x107 BTU x 1 KWH x 1 lb x 1 tons x = 10,444 BTU 0.9 KWH 2,000 lb

ANSWER: 4.787 tons

How many tons of coal does the average household need per year?

Wow! That’s a lot of coal!

Graphic Courtesy U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District. http://www.lcaships.com/environment/

www.greatlakes-seaway.com

The aquatic distance from Duluth to Detroit is 873 kilometers. 1.6 km=1 mile

To Transport 1 ton of cargo from Duluth to Detroit

873 km x 1 mile x 1 gal fuel = 0.899 gallons

1.6 km 607 miles Answer to transport 50,000 tons

◦ 44,950 gallons

Fuel Needed on GL Seaway to move 50,000 ton from Duluth to Detroit

http://techalive.mtu.edu/glmri/ShipsTravel.htm

Use our trip taking 50,000 tons of cargo from Duluth to Detroit

38.3 lbs of GHG per 1000 ton-cargo-miles So for 50,000 tons this is 1,915,000 lbs of

GHG 873 km x 1 mile = 1397 miles 1.6 km 1397 x 1,915,000 = 2.68 x 109 lb of GHG REMEMBER, THIS WOULD BE AT LEAST 6-7

TIMES MORE EMISSIONS IF DONE BY TRUCK!

What are the Greenhouse gas emissions for the trip?

0.010230 metric tons of CO2 per gallon for diesel

0.000055 metric tons of CO2 per gallon for natural gas

NEW Advancements is to work towards converting the freighters over to natural gas

First as early as Spring 2015

CO2 Emissions per Gallon of Fuel

Values: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/permit_register/ghg/GHG_transp.html

www.greatlakes-seaway.com

www.greatlakes-seaway.com

www.greatlakes-seaway.com

www.greatlakes-seaway.com

http://www.marinedelivers.com/environment

Time?

Money?

What are some other things to consider about maritime transport?

A 1,000- foot Laker can transport enough iron pellets to make 15,000 automobiles.

A Laker can last 100 years compared to a Saltie’s 30 years.

90% of the United States iron ore passes through the Poe lock at Sault Ste. Marie, MI

The total drop in elevation from Lake Superior to the Atlantic Oceanis 597 feet For every $100 Americans spend$20 is involved in cargo onGL-St.Lawrence Seaway

OTHER AMAZING FACTS

http://www.great-lakes.net/teach/business/ship/ship_5.html

http://techalive.mtu.edu/glmri/images/lock.gif

How do the Locks Work?

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=soo+locks+images&id=695496971DFACF4542EE31DF3651832BCCF51771&FORM=IQFRBA#view=detail&id=95FBA73F9597490362CA04C29A1F16F175BD8D36&selectedIndex=6

References

Haen, Dean. Manager of Port of Green Bay, July 23, 2013

Hawker, J. Scott and Winebrake, James. (September 2009). GLMRI University Affiliates Meeting, Duluth, MN. ww.glmri.org/downloads/2009Reports/affiliates Mtg/Winbrake&Hawker.pdf

Research and Traffic Group. (January 2013). Environmental and Social Impacts of Marine Transport. www.greatlakes-seaway.com/en/pdf/Impacts-Full_En.pdf The Environmental and Social Impacts of Marine Transport in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway Region (PDF, 28 pages)