Marine energy classificationsystems:Tools for resourceassessment and design

V.S.Neary, K.A. Haas, J.A. Colby

USTAG Annual Meeting, Portland, ME, 13-14 Nov 2019

10-1-1 ) Sandia National Laboratories Tech

GeoraV

VERDANT POWER

OMER& ISIJSASandia National Laboratories is a multimissionlaboratory managed and operated by NationalTechnology Et Engineering Solutions of Sandia,LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of HoneywellInternational Inc., for the U.S. Department of

Energy's National Nuclear SecurityAdministration under contract DE-NA0003525.

SAND2019-

SAND2019-14723PE

I Motivation/Goal

Build marine energy classification systems that, like wind, codify and supportresource assessment, design and device-type certification for wave and tidal energydevices

Resource classification - supportproject siting, feasibility, andscoping studies, regional energyplanning

Device classification - codify andstreamline device design, device-type certification, product-linedevelopment and manufacturing

2

Wave resource classification

• Main parameter, wave power, J (kW/m),Class I, 11, 111, W

• Subclass parameter, Tp, peak periodbandwidth, delineates three WEC resonantbandwidths

1, local wind seas, 0<Tp<72, short-period swell, 7 111p 10

3, long-period swell, 10<T p

• Related standardsWave resource assessment andcharacterization, IEC TS 62600-101:2015-06

WEC power performance assessment, IEC TS62600-100:2012-08

POWER

CLASS

I

22.8<J

II

5.7<J22.8

III

1.1q5.7IV

1 O<Tp<7 I(1) II(1) III(1) IV(1)

2 I(2) II(2) III(2) IV(2)

3 1O<Tp I(3) II(3) III(3) IV(3)

co

80 Classification System 2 — dominant period band

70

60

-25) 50

_1 40

30

20

10 -200 -180

r 1"

1

Power class

11.

E1 1111.

r'(2)

• El (3)

ED

-160 -140 -120Longitude

-100 -80 -60

S. Ahn, K. A. Haas, V. S. Neary, Wave energy resource classification system for US coastalwaters, Ren & Sust Energy Rev, 104, 54-68, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.017

3

Tidal resource classification: Preliminary

• Main parameter, tidal power density,(kW/m2); Class I, II, III, IV

N11 VI 3

2A119 LJ U-iPm

j = 1

• Subclass parameter TBD, A, aconstraint on the theoretical resource

Multiple levels TBD

• Related standardsTidal resource assessment andcharacterization, IEC TS 62600-201:2015-04

TEC power performance assessment,IEC TS 62600-200:2013-05

Power Class IPm >2

/I1<Prn <2

m0.5<Pm <1

wPm <0.5

1 A> TBD 1(1) II(1) III(1) IV(1)

2TBD < A

<TBD/(2) II(2) III(2) IV (2)

3 A < T B D 1(3) I I (3) 111(3) IV (3)

OVW

Use model data fromUS Tidal Energy RA

13

12

43

00 43.08

43.08

43.07

43.05

005

43.04

43.03

-70.8 -70.78 -70.7e -70.74 -70.72 -70.7 -70.88 .70..0

Longitude

4Z. Defne et al., "National geodatabase of tidal stream power resource in USA," Renew Energy,16(5), pp. 3326-3338, 2012.

5

I Tidal resource classification: Preliminary• Relate the mean power, Pm (kW/m2) to the

mean velocity, Vm (m/s)

Power Class /P > 2

111 < P < 2

III

O. 5 < P < 1

IV

P < O. 5

Mean Velocity V. 1.31.05< V.<

1. 30.8 < V.< 1. 05

V. < O. 8

1 A > T BD 1(1) 11(1) 1141) IV (1)

2T BD < A

< T BDI (2) 11(2) III(2) IV (2)

3 A < T BD /(3) 11(3) 111(3) IV (3)

1800

1600

1400

1200

a>(2 10002_,

8 800O

600

400

200

00 4 6 0 8 1 1 2 1.4

Vm (m/s)

th 1.6 1.8 2

Classes can be delineated basedon the mean velocity

1•

1

I Tidal resource classification: Preliminary

US West Coast

61 5 Cook Inlet

61

60.5a)-c)D:' 60ro_ 1

59.5

59

58.5-155 -154 -153 -152

Longitude

-151 -150 -149

-120

46 US East Coast

-

44

42

40

m/s

1cl

40.8

40.78

40.76

a)-0 40.74m—co_1 40.72

40.7

40.68

40.66

......-5,

-74.02 -74 -73.98-73.96-73.94-73.92 -73.9 -73.88

Longitude

I

1.3

/1

1.05

Ill

08

/17

,.•

I WEC classification: Preliminary• Main parameter, Hs(ref) = lis(50) (m), 50-year

return Hs, Class I, 11, 111

• Note Hs(nean) = CHS(50) for distinct waveclimates

• Subclass parameter, Tp, peak periodbandwidth, delineates three energytransfer mechanisms (normal operations)

1, local wind seas, O<Tp<72, short-period swell, 7<Tp<10

3, long-period swell, 1O<T p

• Related technical specs, standardsDesign requirements for marine energysystems, IEC TS 62600-2:2016-08

Environmental conditions a environmentalLoads, DNV-RP-C205:2014

Class I II

Href (m) t 15

1 O<Tp<7 I(1)

2 7'111, 10 I(2)

3 1O<Tp I(3)

72°N

60°N

48°N

36°N

24°N

175°W 150°W 125°W 100°W 75°W

Geographical distribution of Hs50 (m)

for US Coast [Neary et al. 2019];

Alaska site, H5(50-12 m

181614121086420

Hs(ref)(site) — 12 m SITETp (site)—Class 3 CLASS 1(3)

15

0 0 0.5 1 15 2

mean 1- g(m)

Regional correlations extreme and

mean wave heights [Neary et al. 2018];

Alaska site, HS(mpapr2.8 m

Tp band is Class 3

Specified

by

designer

2.5 13 35

Extreme DLC basedon Hs(ref) = 15 m

Normal DLC based on

Hs(mean) = 2.8 m, 1O<Tp

7

TEC classification: Preliminary

• Main parameter, Vref (m/s), max,3-min avgcurrent for extreme design load case (DLC);Class 1, 11, 111

• Subclass parameter, l„f, turbulence intensity@ 1.5 m/s

A, high, 0.15< l„f 0.20B, moderate, 0.10< I ref 0.15C, low, I ref 0.10

• Related technical specs, standards

Design requirements for marine energysystems, IEC TS 62600-2:2016-08

Environmental conditions Et environmentalLoads, DNV-RP-C205:2014

• FY20 studies:

Reviewing turbulence measurements databasewith NREL to identify trends

Standard method for determining maximumcurrent speed, e.g., 1-percentile current

TEC Class

U„f (m/s)

A

B

C

2.5

2

1.5

0.5

aP0

45

40

35

;T: 30

— 25

"12n

5

/ref (-)

@1.5 m/s

I

3.5

II

2.5

III

1.5

0.20

0.15

0.10

w, 1 07/141/, 07/15/1Date

(rn h at HH (m ASL)

,:--.

0.5 1 1.5 2 2 5

IIe (111561)

Vref(Site) — 2.4 m/s

ref (site)-0.18

10.5

0.45

0.4

0.35

• 0 3

0..2250

0.15

0 1

0.05

0 /15/11 07/17/11

- h at QB (m ASL)

Specified by

engineer

RITE site, East River:Variation of hubheight mean currentspeed - black(Gunawan, Neary andColby 2014)

Vref(site) -2.4 m/s

RITE site, East River: Variation ofhub height turbulence intensity withmean current speed (Gunawan,Neary and Colby 2014)

jref(site) -0.18

RITE SITECLASS IIA

Design for Vref = 2.5 m/s,I ref= 0.20

8

I Proposed motions

The US TAG is asked to endorse and deliver the following proposal to TC 114 forthe integration of classification systems into standards. This proposal would bediscussed and approved at the TC 114 Plenary Meeting in April 2020:

1) Update the Scope of Work of AHG 8 to include the integration of classificationsystems into TC 114 documents. AHG 8 would oversee the coordination andintegration of classification systems across TC 114.

2) The following Maintenance Teams would consider incorporation of classificationsystems in their Technical Specifications during their maintenance cycle:o MT 62600-2: Design, TS 62600-2:2019-10 {Ed. 2}

o WAVE AND TIDAL CONDITIONS CLASSIFICATION

o MT 62600-101: Wave resource characterization, TS 62600-101:2015-06 {Ed. 1}o WAVE RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION

o MT 62600-201: Tidal resource characterization, TS 62600-201:2015-04 {Ed. 1}o TIDAL RESOURCE CLASSIFICATION

9

10 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

This study benefited from review and input from project steering committee members chaired byDr. Bryson Robertson, Oregon State University.

Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by NationalTechnology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of HoneywellInternational, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administrationunder contract DE-NA0003525. This presentation describes objective technical results and analysis.Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily representthe views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.

Thank you

Contact: vsneary@sandia.gov or khaas@gatech.edu

11 r References:I. Troen, E. L. Petersen, European Wind Atlas. Riso National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1989.

Wind turbines - Part 1: Design requirements, IEC TS 61400-1:2019-02.

P. Veers, private communication, Nov. 2018.

Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters - Part 2: Design requirements for marine energy systems, IEC TS 62600-2:2019-10.

Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters - Part 101: Wave energy resource assessment and characterization, IEC TS 62600-101:2015-06.

Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water

Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other waterIEC TS 62600-100:2012-08.

Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other waterTS 62600-200:2013-05.

current converters

current converters

current converters

- Part 201: Tidal energy resource assessment and characterization, IEC TS 62600-201:2015-04.

- Part 100: Electricity producing wave energy converters - Power performance assessment,

- Part 200: Electricity producing tidal energy converters - Power performance assessment, IEC

S. Ahn, K. A. Haas, V. S. Neary, "Wave energy resource classification system for US coastal waters," Ren Sust Energy Rev, vol. 104, pp. 54-68, 2019.

Z. Defne et al., "National geodatabase of tidal stream power resource in USA," Renew Energy, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 3326-3338, 2012.

V. S. Neary, R. G. Coe, J. Cruz, K. Haas, GBacelli, Y. Debruyne, S. Ahn, V. Nevarez, "Classification systems for wave energy resources and WECtechnologies," Int. Marine Energy Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 71-79, 2018.

V. S. Neary, B. E. Seng, Z. Yang, NAllahdadi, R. He, T. Wang, "Model performance 'D redi cting extreme wave heights for project risk assessment and WECdesign," European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWMC), Naples, Italy, 201c.

B. Gunawan, V. S. Neary, J. Colby, "Tidal energy resource assessment in the East River tidal strait near Roosevelt Island, New York, New York." RenewEnergy, vol. 71, pp. 509-517, 2014.

Neary, Haas, and Colby "Marine Energy Classification Systems: Tools for resource assessment and design," presented at the Eutopean Wave and TidalEnergy Conference, 2019.