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eCall In-band Modem Solution, Marc Werner Telematics & the Environment, Gothenburg, 10-11 December 2008

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The 3GPP-endorsed

eCall In-band Modem Solution

Telematics & the Environment ConferenceGothenburg, 10-11 December 2008

Dr. Marc Werner, Qualcomm Germany

[email protected]


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Outline Qualcomm Overview eCall Motivation, Objectives and Requirements

eCall In-band Modem Standardization in 3GPP Architecture and Key Technologies of Qualcomms eCall Modem Solution Performance Figures Next Steps


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Founded in 1985

Headquartered in San Diego, CA 12,800 employees (Sept. 2007) FORTUNE 500 Company NASDAQ Symbol: QCOM ~7,200 U.S. patents and patent

applications of CDMA and relatedtechnologies including WCDMA

Member of the S&P 500 Index 100 Best Managed Companies

Industry Week 100 Best Companies to Work for

in AmericaFORTUNE

Qualcomm Overview Global leader in developing and delivering innovative digital wirelesscommunications solutions

Worlds largest fabless semiconductor company; 11 th overall in 2007

Top wireless chip supplier in 2007

Partners with wireless operators, device manufacturers, software vendorsand distribution suppliers to drive adoption of mobility solutions


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NXP53

Infineon48

STMicroelectronics35

TexasInstruments21

Qualcomm12

Company2007 Rank2006 Rank

Source: iSuppli Corp. May 2008

InfineonTechnologies1013

NXP89

Qualcomm914

Hynix75

RenesasTechnology68

STMicroelectronics56

Toshiba43

Texas Instruments34

SamsungElectronics22

Intel11

Company2Q07Rank1Q07Rank

Source: iSuppli Corp. August 2007

Top Wireless Chip Supplier for CY07

Overall Top 10 Semiconductor CompaniesQualcomms Position in the Semiconductor Industry


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Qualcomm Europe OverviewGeographical presence in Europe

UK: London, Farnborough, Cambridge,Poole

France: Paris Germany: Munich, Mnster, Nrnberg,

Frankfurt Ireland: Dublin Italy: Rome, Milan Poland: Warsaw Russia: Moscow

Spain: Madrid Sweden: Stockholm, Lund Switzerland: Onnes The Netherlands: Breukelen, Waalre

Activities Research in wireless

Participation in standardization activities Technical support to customers &operators

Regulatory activities Others...

People More than 600 people and growing


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Road accidents: > 40,000 people killed and > 1.2 million injured (EU, 2007) Economic loss caused by road accidents: 160 billion per year

Automatic E112 call with location information will greatly reduceemergency services response time

eCall, the EU-driven pan-European vehicle emergency call system

In an accident, an E112 cellular voice call is automatically established Vehicle data (MSD), e.g. location / car ID, is transmitted upon request Potential to save 2.500 lives and 26 billion each year in the EU

Emergency call system (IVS) to be installed in vehicles from 2010 Emergency operators (PSAP) to be upgraded accordingly

(e.g., modem software running on a PC)

eCall Motivation and Objectives

IVS = In-Vehicle SystemPSAP = Public Safety Answering PointMSD = Minimum Set of Data


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eCall Requirements Transmission of vehicle MSD (140 bytes) simultaneously with voice call Transmission of MSD must be fast (< 4 sec) and reliable (acknowledged)

Capability of MSD transmission when roaming abroad (using free 112 call) No modifications to existing cellular networks should be necessary SMS transmission may be delayed and not prioritized Data channels may not be available everywhere, usually not prioritized

eSafety initiative, GSM Europe: Only a standardized in-band modem solution can meet the eCall requirements

MSD = Minimum Set of Data


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eCall Standardization in 3GPP The EU Commission has asked ETSI MSG to standardize an in-band

modem solution for eCall A standardized solution guarantees interoperability all over Europe ETSI MSG has transferred this task to 3GPP TSG SA4

Interested companies were invited to provide eCall modem proposals Three candidate proposals evaluated by test lab in Aug. 2008

Test criteria: MSD transmission time in various conditions, robustness to voice

and signalling tones, complexity, memory requirements, etc. eCall in-band modem from Qualcomm selected as best performing

solution, and officially endorsed by 3GPP in Sept. 2008 Verification and characterization phase (more testing) ongoing

eCall reference code (fixed-point ANSI-C) to be released in March 2009 3GPP Release-8 standardization process to be finalized in Sept. 2009

3GPP = 3 rd Generation Partnership ProjectETSI MSG = European Telecommunications Standards Institute, Mobile Standards GroupTSG SA4 = Technical Specification Group Services and Architecture 4


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eCall In-band Modem within the Cellular Architecture

PSAP operator initiates MSD transmission (MSD could also be transmitted automatically)

Voice path is muted until MSD is correctlyreceived


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eCall In-band Modem Technical Challenges Fixed-line data modems are well-known and working But the effective mobile transmission channel is highly challenging:

Voice coder/decoder: signal compression using voice models Radio channel: fading, doppler shift, interference and weak signal strength VoIP: compression, delay, jitter, packet losses, transcoding Many different network configurations all over Europe

Old solution: Cellular Text Telephone Modem (CTM), based on tones

Transmission time of one MSD (140 bytes): 29 seconds in good channels Requirement: 4 seconds

Several state-of-the-art technologies required to address these challenges


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IVS and PSAP Modems- Key Technologies: 28-bit CRC, Hybrid-ARQ Incremental Redundancy Turbo Coding Bi-polar Pulse Position

Modulation (BPPM) Waveform: Root-raised Cosine (RRC) Synchronization sequence:

Pseudo-noise (PN) ACK/NACK signaling

on feedback channel

CRC = Cyclic Redundancy CheckARQ = Automatic Repeat Request


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IVS Transmitter: Channel Coding and Modulation for MSD Channel coding: Turbo coding

140 bytes (1120 bits) of MSD are appended with 28-bit CRC for error detection Parallel concatenated convolutional codes of base rate 1/3

Up to eight redundancy versions , RV0...RV7, can be created effective code rate: 0.83 (per RV)

Modulation: Bipolar pulse position modulation (BPPM) Mapping of encoded bits to modulation symbols: 3 bits/symbol Symbol determines cyclic shift and sign of basic waveform (RRC) Duration of waveform: 2 ms Modulation data rate: 1500 bits/s

-p(n)1117

-p(n-4)1106

-p(n-8)1015

-p(n-12)1004

p(n-12)0113

p(n-8)0102

p(n-4)0011

p(n)0000

binarydecimal

Pulse shift / sign(n= 0,,15; mod 16)

Symbol

basic waveform p(n)

sample #

r e l a t i v e a m p

l i t u d e


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Transmission Frame Layout and Synchronization Uplink Data Frame contains:

3 data parts for 1 MSD 4 muting periods to maintain Voice Activity Detection of speech codec

Data Frame is preceded by Synchronization Frame , containing: Sync Burst (two different sinusoidial tones for identification) Sync Preamble (pseudo-noise pattern optimized for correlation properties)

Sync frame facilitates detection and delay estimation of received signal

D1M

D3D2

20 300 60 300 40

M2

20320 ms

SP

196 ms44

SB

3

Synchronization Frame

Uplink Data Frame (contains one MSD)

SB = Sync Burst

SP = Sync Preamble

M1 M4


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PSAP Receiver: Detection, Demodulation, Decoding Detection

PSAP listens on the uplink voice path receiver performs sliding correlation with known sync signal

Correlation value and position determine detection flag and delay estimate Demodulation

For each 2 ms subframe, calculate correlations with 3 possible cyclic shifts Decision for symbol with highest correlation (& sign of correlation)

Decoding Combination of soft values from different redundancy versions RV (if available) Iterative turbo decoding attempts:

after reception of RV0 after each of the 3 data parts of retransmissons, RV1...RV7

Many decoding attempts guarantee minimized MSD transmission time

After each decoding attempt, CRC is evaluated


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PSAP Transmitter: Downlink Feedback Messages Three possible signaling messages :

START initial trigger to IVS for MSD transmission NACK Data has been received, but CRC failed new RV requested from IVS

ACK CRC was successful IVS to stop transmission, un-mute voice channel Message encoding and modulation:

Shortened (63,7) BCH code: effective (60,4) code, can correct up to 15 errorsper codeword

Modulation scheme: similar to uplink 4-bit symbols, 4 ms RRC pulse with 8 possible cyclic shifts (& sign) modulation data rate: 1000 bits/s

Short feedback frame of 180 ms Synchronization: identical to uplink

SP

196 ms44

SB

Synchronization Frame

60 60 60 ms

D1M1 M2

Downlink Data Frame

BCH = Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem

CRC = Cyclic Redundancy CheckRRC = Root Raised Cosine


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eCall Signaling Procedure

PSAP operator receives emergency call andtriggers MSD transmission

PSAP modem continuously sends START untilit detects the first incoming sync frame

PSAP detects uplink sync and continuouslytransmits NACK

PSAP tries to decode MSD after completereception of RV0, and after each data part ofsubsequent RVs

Upon CRC success, PSAP sends 3 ACKmessages and then stops transmission

Downlink voice channel is un-muted

In event of an accident, IVS automaticallyestablishes a 112 voice call

IVS modem listens for sync frames

IVS starts transmitting MSD RV0 after 3successfully decoded START messages

If after RV0 more NACKs are received, IVScontinues with RV1, RV2 etc.*

After reception of ACK, IVS stops datatransmission

Uplink voice channel is un-muted

* after RV7, PSAP Tx starts with sync frame and RV0 again

PSAP IVS


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Performance of the eCall Modem: 3GPP Selection Test Mean MSD transmission time (in s) for different test conditions

Comparison with two other candidates QUALCOMM modem

Reproduced from AT4 Wireless report No. 28380IDT.001

FR = Full Rate; AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate; C/I = Carrier-to-Interference Ratio; RSSI = Recvd Signal Strength Indicator

C ll I b d M d S l i M W


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Performance of the eCall Modem: 3GPP Selection Test

Reproduced from AT4 Wireless report No. 28380IDT.001

QUALCOMM modem

Result of the selectiontest: QUALCOMMmodem endorsed by3GPP as the in-bandmodem for eCall

C ll I b d M d S l ti M W


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Complexity and Memory Current complexity and memory figures:

RAM usage: 8 KB in IVS, 32 KB in PSAP Complexity factor vs. CTM*: 1.5 to 2.5 for IVS, 1.9 to 5.2 for PSAP

(depending on channel conditions) eCall modem transmits MSD 10.5 to 21.5 times faster than CTM

Should be easy to implement into existing telematics platforms(e.g. ARM-9 based) without need for additional processing capability

Complexity and memory requirements might be further reduced for thefinal reference C-code

* CTM: Cellular text telephone modem Earlier 3GPP in-band modem standard [TS 26.226] Requires at least 29 s for MSD transmission Does not meet the eCall requirements

C ll I b d M d S l ti M W


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The 3GPP-endorsed In-band Modem Solution for eCall Includes state-of-the-art technologies :

Turbo coding with incremental redundancy HARQ Bipolar pulse-position modulation (BPPM) Innovative synchronization technique

Significantly exceeds all eCall requirements Facilitates a successful MSD transmission in 2 s on average,

1.35 s in good conditions Is currently tested in other relevant and realistic configurations, including:

Other 3GPP codecs Echo canceller Voice over IP

eCall In band Modem Solution Marc Werner


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Next Steps: Bringing eCall to the Citizens For Qualcomm

Finalize and publish the optimized version of eCall reference C-code Introduce eCall functionality in products

Partner with telematics companies to facilitate a fast development and roll-outof eCall products

For 3GPP Finish the complete set of eCall standards for fast implementation and

conformance testing of eCall modems

For the EU / Member States Join the eCall initiative, adopt and implement E112 directive

For PSAPs Upgrade call centers with eCall functionality (mainly software)

For the Car Industry Offer eCall functionality in all new cars

Commercial Aspects What is the business case for eCall? Car buyers are willing to pay more for their safety: Airbags, ESP, ...

eCall In band Modem Solution Marc Werner


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Sources of Information

eSafety initiative / eCall driving group http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/esafety/index_en.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/esafety/forum/ecall/index_en.htm

GSM Europe position papers http://www.gsmeurope.org/position_papers/index.shtml

3GPP SA4 website for standardization documents General information: http://www.3gpp.org/SA4 FTP server: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG4_CODEC/ [...]

meeting documents list, e.g. [...] = TSGS4_51/Tdoclist_TSG SA WG4#51.doc

eCall white paper by Qualcomm Available on request

eCall In-band Modem Solution Marc Werner


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eCall In-band Modem Solution Marc Werner


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eCall In band Modem Solution, Marc Werner Telematics & the Environment, Gothenburg, 10-11 December 2008

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LicensingPSAP Equipment In recognition of the important public safety aspects of this work and to accelerate

the deployment of the eCall solution, subject to certain standard terms andconditions (e.g., protection for Qualcomm products as to the licensees or its

customers patents), Qualcomm will not charge royalties on sales of in-band voice-channel modem equipment that implements the Qualcomm eCall standardsproposal and is located in the PSAP or core network, but solely when and to theextent such equipment is used for emergency communications. Qualcomm willoffer to grant licenses on terms and conditions that are fair, reasonable and freefrom unfair discrimination for the use of such equipment for non-emergencycommunications.

In-Vehicle System Devices Subject to certain standard terms and conditions (e.g., protection for Qualcomm

products as to the licensees or its customers patents), Qualcomm will not charge aroyalty rate for a license under its applicable patents for implementation of theQualcomm eCall standards proposal in subscriber devices that is higher than theroyalty rate that Qualcomm charges, or may in the future charge, for a licenseunder its patents for similar devices that do not implement the Qualcomm eCallproposal. For clarity, the Qualcomm eCall standards proposal does notincludecellular modem functionality or any other functionality in a handset ordevice.

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