marc prein: organic aquaculture and sustainable fisheries – ecolabelling and aquaculture...

Brussels Development Briefing n.32

Fish-farming the new driver of the blue economy?3rd July 2013

http://brusselsbriefings.net

Organic Aquaculture and sustainable fisheries- ecolabelling and aquaculture certificationMark Prein, GIZ

http://brusselsbriefings.net/

Seite 213.04.2023 Sektorvorhaben Förderung einer nachhaltigen Fischerei und Aquakultur

Organic aquaculture and sustainable fisheries - ecolabelling and aquaculture certification

Mark Prein, GIZ

Seite 3Präsentationstitel hier eintragen13.04.2023

Definition: Organic Aquaculture

production management systems that:

• promote and enhance biodiversity, biological cycles and biological activity;

and are based on:

• minimal use of off-farm inputs;

• holistic management practices that restore, maintain and enhance species diversity and ecological harmony.


History of Organic Aquaculture

• 1994 Organic carp: Austria, Germany

• 1995 Organic salmon standard: Ireland (Naturland)

• 1998 Organic salmon standard (Soil Association)

• 1999 Organic shrimp standard: Ecuador (Naturland & GTZ)

• 2000 France national OA standard

• 2000 Organic shrimp: Vietnam (Naturland and SIPPO)

• 2000 IFOAM basic OA standard

• 2001 Organic tilapia: Israel

• 2002 Organic sea bream: France

• 2005 California bans labelling of organic seafood

• 2005 Organic micro-algae: Taiwan POC

• 2006 Organic pangasius: Vietnam (Naturland & GTZ)

• 2009 EU Organic Aquaculture Rules in force


Organic Aquaculture Production (2009)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

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Bergleiter et al. 2009


Status of Organic Aquaculture

• 100,000 tons global production

• € 400 million total market value, € 1 billion producer turnover

• > 240 certified operations (China: 72)

• 30 countries

• 30 Species

• 80 different standards (EU: 18)

• Trend: steady growth

• National standards/labels



Geographic Distribution ofOrganic Aquaculture Production (2008)



IFOAM 2010


Species: Fish

• “Carp”

• “Trout”

• Atlantic salmon

• Red drum

• Meagre

• Sea bream

• Sea bass

• Tilapia

• Striped catfish (pangasius)


Species: Shellfish

• Black tiger shrimp

• Western white shrimp

• Pink shrimp

• Freshwater prawn

• Blue mussel

• Chilean mussel


Production Issues

• Species permitted; introductions

• Biodiversity (e.g. plants on dikes)

• Recommendation for polyculture

• Rearing systems: cages, ponds; tank systems (hatcheries)

• Stocking density limited

• Aeration use: Energy efficiency

• Climate impact (CO2/kg)

• Monitoring of effluent quality

• Ecological status of systems (e.g. benthos)

• Social Standards


Production Issues: Health

• Reduced instances of diseases

• Costs for medical treatments reduced

• Net cages: sea lice – cleaner fish (wrasse)

• No antibiotics in invertebrates (e.g. Naturland; EU less stringent)

• Vaccinations permitted

• Probiotics permitted

• Predator control: birds (nets), otters, seals

• Unwanted fish fry: plant extracts

• Detergents, anti-foulants

• Distance between farms


Production Issues: Feed

• Bottleneck in supply of certified organic feed = main impediment to expansion !

• Net cages, semi-intensive pond culture

• Demand outstrips feed supply

• Ingredients sourced on international markets

• Initiate local production

• Sourcing ingredients locally

• Permissible sources and limits of fish meal and fish oil


Certification of Smallholder Groups

• Long history with certification of coffee and tea farmer cooperatives

• Based on functioning ICS (Internal Control System)

• Costs typically covered by processing/exporting companies

• Certified shrimp farmer groups in Costa Rica, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia


Products

• Fresh

• Frozen

• Smoked

• Marinated

• MAP-packed

• Value-added products


Consumer Perspective

• Consumer is the driving factor!

• Evolution and diversification

• “Naturally grown” / “Sustainable”

• “Healthy”

• “Taste”

• “Fair”

• “Special Treat”

• = LOHAS (“Lifestyle of Health and Safety”)


Future Outlook

• Production increases: salmon, “shrimp”

• Total value of € 1 billion in 2012 (?)

• Undersupply for some finfish: e.g. tilapia, trout

• Further diversification needed

• Feed bottleneck to be solved

• Harmonization, but competitive business

• USDA decision – then expansion in the USA

• Market expansion, e.g. China, South Korea, Russia

Seite 1813.04.2023 Sektorvorhaben Förderung einer nachhaltigen Fischerei und Aquakultur

marc prein: organic aquaculture and sustainable fisheries – ecolabelling and aquaculture...

Business

organic tilapia

organic carp

organic pangasius

organic shrimp standard

organic sea bream

eu organic aquaculture

organic microalgae

labelling of organic