ecolabelling (draft) & product carbon footprint...

Ecolabelling (DRAFT) &

National Innovation Foundation

Ecolabelling (DRAFT) & Product Carbon Footprint

Project Report

July 2012

Prepared by:

cBalance Solutions (P) Ltd.

Product Carbon Footprint

2

cBalance Solutions – NIF Ecolabelling & Product Carbon Footprint Report | Introduction 2

Table of Contents

1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Operational Boundary Definition .............................................................................................. 5

1.2 Product Life Cycle Stages .......................................................................................................... 6

1.3 Footprint Reporting.................................................................................................................. 6

1.4 Products List ............................................................................................................................ 7

2 Innovation 1: MittiCool refrigerator ................................................................................................. 8

2.1 Product Description: ................................................................................................................ 8

2.2 GHG Inventory ......................................................................................................................... 8

2.3 Product Carbon Footprint Summary ....................................................................................... 10

2.4 Avoided Emissions ................................................................................................................. 10

2.5 Socio-Economic Impact and Other Environmental Benefits .................................................... 11

3 Innovation 2: Non stick Earthen Pan .............................................................................................. 12

3.1 Product Description ............................................................................................................... 12

3.2 GHG Inventory ....................................................................................................................... 12




4 Innovation 3: Multi Directional Windmill ........................................................................................ 15

4.1 Product Description: .............................................................................................................. 15

4.2 GHG Inventory ....................................................................................................................... 15




5 Innovation 4: Pollution Control Device ........................................................................................... 19


5.2 GHG Inventory ....................................................................................................................... 19




6 Innovation 5: Multi Processing Machine ........................................................................................ 22

3



6.2 GHG Inventory ....................................................................................................................... 23




7 Innovation 6: Hand Operated Water Lifting Device ........................................................................ 25


7.2 GHG Inventory ....................................................................................................................... 25




8 Innovation 7: Modification for Auto Engine to increase mileage ..................................................... 29


8.2 GHG Inventory ....................................................................................................................... 29




4


List of Tables

Table 1 Activity Boundary for Product Carbon Footprinting ...................................................................... 6

Table 2 GHG Inventory Table – MittiCool (by Emission Scope) ................................................................ 8

Table 3 GHG Inventory Table – MittiCool (by Activity Type) .................................................................... 9

Table 4 GHG Inventory Table – MittiCool (by Life-Cycle Stage) ................................................................ 9

Table 5 GHG Inventory Table – Non-Stick Earthen Pan (by Emission Scope) .......................................... 12

Table 6 GHG Inventory Table – Non-Stick Earthen Pan (by Activity Type) .............................................. 13

Table 7 GHG Inventory Table – Non-Stick Earthen Pan (by Life-Cycle Stage) .......................................... 13

Table 8 GHG Inventory Table – Multi-Directional Windmill (by Emission Scope) .................................... 15

Table 9 GHG Inventory Table – Multi-Directional Windmill (by Activity Type) ........................................ 16

Table 10 GHG Inventory Table – Multi-Directional Windmill (by Life-Cycle Type) .................................. 16

Table 11 GHG Inventory Table – Pollution Control Device (by Emission Scope) ..................................... 19

Table 12 GHG Inventory Table – Pollution Control Device (by Activity Type) ......................................... 20

Table 13 GHG Inventory Table – Pollution Control Device (by Life-Cycle Stage) ..................................... 20

Table 14 GHG Inventory Table (per piece) – Multi-Processing Machine (by Emission Scope) ................... 23

Table 15 GHG Inventory Table (per piece) – Multi-Processing Machine (by Activity Type) ....................... 23

Table 16 GHG Inventory Table (per piece) – Multi-Processing Machine (by Life-Cycle Stage) ................... 23

Table 17 GHG Inventory Table – Hand-Operated Water Lifting Device (by Emission Scope) ................... 25

Table 18 GHG Inventory Table – Hand-Operated Water Lifting Device (by Activity Type) ....................... 26

Table 19 GHG Inventory Table – Hand-Operated Water Lifting Device (by Life-Cycle Stage) ................... 26

Table 20 GHG Inventory Table – Auto Engine Modification (by Emission Scope) .................................... 29

Table 21 GHG Inventory Table – Auto Engine Modification (by Activity Type) ....................................... 30

Table 22 GHG Inventory Table – Auto Engine Modification (by Life-Cycle Stage) ................................... 30

5


1 Introduction

The purpose of this study was to collect, collate, document, verify and analyse all data contributing

to the carbon footprint of selected NIF products as defined by the GHG protocol and included

within the scope of the project.

This will help the innovators as well as NIF understand the impact of their product on the

environment as well as enable them highlight its environmental benefits with respect to convention

products that perform similar tasks.

1.1 Operational Boundary Definition

The product carbon footprint is calculated according to standards laid down in the GHG protocol.

The following diagram shows the various categories that can be included in the scope to calculate a

product carbon footprint.

Due to feasibility, time and cost constraints only those key sectors will be included in the scope of

the project which have a significant impact on the footprint as well as are relevant to the client

Please refer to the table 1.1 for a list of categories included:

6


Table 1 Activity Boundary for Product Carbon Footprinting

Sr.

No

Category Included

1 Purchased Goods and Services

2 Capital Goods

3 Fuel and Energy Related activities

4 Upstream transportation & distribution

5 Waste Generated in Operations

6 Business Travel

7 Employee commuting

8 Upstream leased assets

9 Downstream transportation & distribution

10 Processing of sold products

11 Use of sold products

12 End of life treatment of sold products

13 Downstream leased assets

14 Franchises

15 Investments

The carbon footprint is calculated on an annual basis per product and all data acquired for this

report is from the financial year 2011-2012.

1.2 Product Life Cycle Stages

Purchased Goods and Services

Manufacturing Waste Generated in Operations

Fuel and Energy Related activities

Upstream transportation & distribution Logistics

Downstream transportation & distribution

Processing of sold products Office + Packaging

Use of sold products Customer

1.3 Footprint Reporting

The footprint of a product is reported according to the categories below:

Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions are emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the

company. For example, emissions from combustion in owned or controlled boilers, furnaces and

vehicles.

Scope 2 - Accounts for GHG emissions from the generation of purchased electricity by the

company.

Scope 3 - Optional reporting category that allows for the treatment of all other indirect emissions.

They are a consequence of the activities of the company, but occur from sources not owned or

controlled by the company. Some examples include third party deliveries, business travel activities

and use of sold products and services.

7


1.4 Products List

The products from the NIF inventory included are as follows:

1. Mitti Cool refrigerator

2. Non Stick Earthen Pan

3. Multi Directional Windmill

4. Pollution Control Silencer

5. Multi Processing machine

6. Hand operated water lifting device

7. Modification in auto engine for increased mileage

8

cBalance Solutions – NIF Ecolabelling & Product Carbon Footprint Report | Innovation 1:

MittiCool refrigerator

8

2 Innovation 1: MittiCool refrigerator

Innovator: Mr. Mansukh R Prajapatiot, Gujarat

Consultant: Gyan Prakash

2.1 Product Description:

1. It is a small natural refrigerator made of clay for storing vegetables, fruits and water. 2. It does not need any external source of energy for giving cooling effect. 3. Perishables like milk, fruits and vegetables remain fresh for 2- 3 days. 4. Product Cost: Rs 3000/-

2.2 GHG Inventory Table 2 GHG Inventory Table – MittiCool (by Emission Scope)

Scope Category kgCO2e Scope 2 Electricity (Processing) 108.00 Scope 2 Electricity T&D Losses (Processing) 29.82 Scope 2 Municipal Drinking Water (Processing) 2.92 Scope 2 Electricity 360.00 Scope 2 Electricity T&D Losses 99.42 Scope 2 Municipal Drinking Water 12.00 Scope 3 Paper 100% Recycled :Uncoated Groundwood 9.31 Scope 3 Plastic 151.80 Scope 3 Glass. 166.69 Scope 3 Metals : Avg. Carbon Steel 202.86 Scope 3 Rubber 97.21 Scope 3 Industrial Wastewater : 0.01 kg COD/liter WW 141.75 Scope 3 Paper : Corrugated : 100% Recycle : Unbleached 1119.78 Scope 3 Road Travel : Bus : Single Decker : Public Travel : Intercity Travel : Non AC : Diesel 1.64 Scope 3 Logistics & Freight : MMV : Public Logistics : City Logistics & Freight : Diesel : Ambient 56.38 Scope 3 Logistics & Freight : LCV : Public Logistics : City Logistics & Freight : Diesel : Ambient 170.62

Scope 3 Logistics & Freight : HMV : Public Logistics : InterCity Logistics & Freight : Diesel : Ambient

7559.05

Total 10,289.1

9



9

Table 3 GHG Inventory Table – MittiCool (by Activity Type)

Activity level footprint - Data

Category kgCO2e Electricity 597.24 Municipal Drinking Water 14.92 Industrial Wastewater 141.75 Paper 1129.09 Plastic 151.80 Glass. 166.69 Metals 202.86 Rubber 97.21 Road Travel 1.65 Logistics & Freight 7786.06

Table 4 GHG Inventory Table – MittiCool (by Life-Cycle Stage)

Category kgCO2e

Manufacturing 1241.1 Logistics 7786.06 Processing ( Packaging + Office) 1260.52 Customer 0

6%

0%

1%

11% 1%

2%

2%1%

0%

76%

Activity Level Footprint

Electricity

Muncipal Water

Industrial Wasterwater

Paper

Plastic

Glass

Metals

Rubber

Road Travel

Logistics & Freight

10



10

2.3 Product Carbon Footprint Summary

Total Annual Footprint: 10,289.1 kgCO2e

Number of products made in FY: 600

Footprint/piece = 17.1 kgCO2e / product

2.4 Avoided Emissions

1) Emissions from materials used to manufacture conventional fridge

2) Emissions due to leakage of refrigerant: for Refrigerant - R-22 the initial charge varies from

0.05 to 0.5 kg. We consider the lowest possible charge of 0.05 kg since the size of a

comparable refrigerator will be quite small and should have low refrigeration capacity as the

Mitticool only cools 4 degrees centigrade with respect to ambient temperature. Using a life-

cycle fugitive emission factor of 223.4 kgCO2e/kg R-22 initial charge of one time charge the

avoided emissions are 11.17 kgCO2e/refrigerator.

3) Emissions from Electricity consumption: compared to a 3 star refrigerator (Videocon –

VCL053) with a storage volume of 44 litres the Mitticool saves 360 kWh of electricity on an

annual basis which is equivalent to an emission avoidance of 482.4 kgCO2e / year/

refrigerator including T&D losses.

12%

76%

12%

0%

Life-Cycle Stage Footprint

Manufacturing

Logistics

Processing ( Office +

Packaging)

Customer

11



11

2.5 Socio-Economic Impact and Other Environmental Benefits

1. Enables a large number of people across the country, who do not have the means to buy a

regular refrigerator or are not connected to the electricity grid to own a similar device.

2. Largely uses bio-mechanical energy during manufacturing

3. Uses clay which is a easily available local material with a very low carbon footprint

4. Has a positive impact on household budgets by reducing food wastage

12

cBalance Solutions – NIF Ecolabelling & Product Carbon Footprint Report | Innovation 2: Non

stick Earthen Pan

12

3 Innovation 2: Non stick Earthen Pan

Innovator: Mr. Mansukh R Prajapatiot, Gujarat

Consultant: Gyan Prakash

3.1 Product Description

1. It is a earthen griddle, which has non-stick coating.

2. It gives advantages of non stick cookware while preserving natural taste of earthen griddles

and is cheaper alternative to metallic non stick cookware

3.2 GHG Inventory Table 5 GHG Inventory Table – Non-Stick Earthen Pan (by Emission Scope)

Scope Category kgCO2e

Scope 2 Electricity : Purchase Electricity : 108.00 Scope 3 Electricity T&D Losses : Purchase Electricity : 29.83 Scope 3 Water : Potable Water: Municipal Drinking Water Treatment 2.92 Scope 1 Fossil Fuels : Other Kerosene 198.16 Scope 1 Biomass Fuels : Wood / Wood Waste 8394.19 Scope 3 Water : Potable Water: Municipal Drinking Water Treatment 7.30 Scope 3 Metals : Steel : Avg. Carbon Steel: Finished Product Grade 15332.15 Scope 3 Paper : Corrugated : 80% Recycle : World Avg. : Avg. Bleaching 3454.72 Scope 3 Logistics & Freight : MMV : Public Logistics : City Logistics & Freight : Diesel : Ambient 37.59 Scope 3 Road Travel : Bus : Single Decker : Public Travel : Intercity Travel : Non AC : Diesel 13.19 Scope 3 Logistics & Freight : LCV : Public Logistics : City Logistics & Freight : Diesel : Ambient 30.94

Scope 3 Logistics & Freight : HMV : Public Logistics : Intercity Logistics & Freight : Diesel : Ambient

46.07


12875.59

Total 40,530.7 Note: The emissions from the use of clay have not been modeled since the emission factor for mining of clay is

negligible (0.000229 kgCO2e/kg)

13


stick Earthen Pan

13

Table 6 GHG Inventory Table – Non-Stick Earthen Pan (by Activity Type)

Category kgCO2e Electricity 137.8 Municipal Drinking Water 10.2 Fossil Fuels 198.16 Biomass fuels 8394.2 Steel 15332.2 Paper 3454.73 Road Travel 13.2 Logistics & Freight 12952.5

Table 7 GHG Inventory Table – Non-Stick Earthen Pan (by Life-Cycle Stage)

Category kgCO2e Manufacturing 24065.3 Logistics 12965.7 Processing ( Packaging + Office) 3461.72 Customer 0

0%0% 0%

21%

38%9%

0%

32%


Electricity

Municipal Drinking Water

Fossil Fuels

Biomass fuels

Steel

Paper

Road Travel

Logistics & Freight

14


stick Earthen Pan

14



Number of products made in FY: 36,500

Footprint/piece = 1.11 kgCO2e / product


1. Avoided iron use, the primary material composition is clay - each frying pan avoids the use

of 4 kg1 of iron which is equivalent to 7.5 kgCO2e avoided per piece.


1. Uses clay which is a easily available local material with a very low carbon footprint

2. Largely uses bio-mechanical energy during manufacturing

3. Designed to reduce specific energy consumption for cooking thereby positively impacting

rural household financial sustainability

4. Designed to reduce water required for post-use cleaning thereby enhancing water self-

sufficiency of rural households

1 Assumption that an average pan contains 4 kg of finished product grade iron

46%

8%

46%

0%


Manufacturing

Logistics

Processing ( Office + Packaging)

Customer

15


Multi Directional Windmill

15

4 Innovation 3: Multi Directional Windmill

Innovator: Md. Mehtar D Hussain and Mustaq Ahmad, Assam

Consultant: Udit Bansal


1. Drag type low height wind mill used for lifting ground water for salt farming 2. The wind mill structure is made from MS. The structure is divided into three main components viz; Base structure, intermediate structure and head assembly (Rotor assembly, crank assembly and tail assembly).

3. For the conversion of rotary motion to reciprocating motion, a crank and connecting rod mechanism is used

4. Turbine blades are made of light weight material and are given the proper angle so that more wind power can be harnessed thereby enabling pumping of water from greater depths.

The performance test report for this innovation is included in Appendix A.

4.2 GHG Inventory Table 8 GHG Inventory Table – Multi-Directional Windmill (by Emission Scope)

Scope Category kgCO2e

Scope 2 Electricity : Purchase Electricity : India - Avg. : Grid 7560.00 Scope 1 Fossil Fuels : Motor Gasoline 230.31 Scope 3 Electricity T&D Losses : Purchase Electricity : India - Avg. : Grid 2088.00 Scope 3 Plastic : Generic Plastic : World Avg. 364.32 Scope 3 Metals : Steel : Avg. Carbon Steel : Steel Sector : India - Avg. : Finished Product Grade 20162.82

Scope 3 Rubber : Generic Rubber : Excluding Land-Use Change : Rubber Sector : India - Avg. : Old Plantation Latex

291.63

Scope 3 Metals : Iron & Iron Castings : Steel Sector : India - Avg. : Plant Raw Material : Raw Material Grade

674.10

Scope 3 Metals : Aluminum : Aluminum Sector : India - Avg. : Raw Material Grade 2304.96


7843.92

Scope 3 Road Travel : Bus : Single Decker : Public Travel : Intercity Travel : Non AC : Diesel 92.37 Scope 3 Road Travel : Automobile : 4W : Sedan : Intercity Travel : Non AC : Diesel : Manual 140.9

16



16

Scope 3 Logistics & Freight : LCV : Public Logistics : City Logistics & Freight : Diesel : Ambient 218.4 Total 41971.75

Table 9 GHG Inventory Table – Multi-Directional Windmill (by Activity Type)

Category kgCO2e Electricity 9648 Municipal Drinking Water 0 Fossil Fuels 230.31 Plastic 364.32 Steel 20162.82 Rubber 291.63 Iron 674.1 Aluminum 2304.96 Road Travel 233.27 Logistics & Freight 8062.32

Table 10 GHG Inventory Table – Multi-Directional Windmill (by Life-Cycle Type)

Category kgCO2e

Manufacturing 33676.14 Logistics 8062.32 Processing ( Packaging + installation) 233.27 Customer 0

23%

0%

1%

48%

1%2%

5%

1%

19%


Electricity

Fossil Fuels

Plastic

Steel

Rubber

Iron

Aluminum

Road Travel

Logistics & Frieght

17



17




Emission/piece = 1,748.8 kgCO2e / product


1. Fossil Fuels: Since this product is used in place of a regular pump it avoids emissions in the

form of avoided fossil fuel combustion.

Avg. flow rate of this device = 3271.5 lit/hr. or 3.27 m3/hr.

Differential head = 6.3 m2

Density of water = 1000kg/m3

using the equation given below we get:

Ph = q ρ g h / (3.6 106)

Where, Ph = power (kW), q = flow capacity (m3/h), ρ = density of fluid (kg/m3), g = gravity (9.81 m/s2)

2 Source: Developing a windmill with & for the farmers in India - November 2011(Emma Haagen, Juan David Martin, Nick van der Velde, Casper van der Meer)

80%

19%

1% 0%


Manufacturing

Logistics

Processing ( Packaging +

Installation)

Customer

18



18

h = differential head (m)

The hydraulic power of the pump is 56W.

Using the below equation for calculating shaft power we get:

Ps = Ph / η

Where, Ps = shaft power (kW), η = pump efficiency

Assuming the pump runs at a mechanical efficiency of 60% the shaft power drawn by the pump is

approximately 78W.

Assuming the electrical motor runs at 75% efficiency the total power that would be need for such a

device is 98W.

Avoided energy consumption per hour of operation is 0.098 kWh which is equivalent to avoided

emissions (including T&D losses) of 0.13 kgCO2e/hr/pump


1. Uses raw materials from local stores thus has a small footprint as well as generates income

for the suppliers

2. Enable salt farmers who do not have the means to buy a conventional pump or are not

connected to the grid to pump out water from the pans harnessing renewable energy

3. Reduces operational cost of salt pans

19


Pollution Control Device

19

5 Innovation 4: Pollution Control Device Innovator: Mr. Birendra Kumar Sinha, Bihar

Consultant: Bhagyesh Deo


1. This is an attachment for filtering exhaust of stationary engines/generators. 2. It comprises a cylindrical housing in which exhaust gas is allowed to expand and strike over fins embedded on internal surface of cylinder and perforated tubular fins. This results in dissociation of CO and CO2 into carbon particulates, which can be removed periodically through opening provided for this purpose.

3. The carbon can be used as raw material for making boot polish and similar applications. 4. The exhaust gas coming out has very reduced pollutants, quite low temperature and results in very low noise

The performance test report for this innovation is included in Appendix B.

5.2 GHG Inventory Table 11 GHG Inventory Table – Pollution Control Device (by Emission Scope)

Scope Category kgCO2e Scope 1 Fossil Fuels : Gas/Diesel Oil 14571.71 Scope 2 Water : Potable Water : Municipal Drinking Water Treatment 24.96


2241.12

Scope 3 Metals : Avg. Carbon Steel 23200.10

Scope 3 Metals : Iron & Iron Castings 9997.94

Total 50,035.8

20



20

Table 12 GHG Inventory Table – Pollution Control Device (by Activity Type)

Category kgCO2e

Fossil Fuels 14571.71 Municipal Water 24.96 Logistics 2241.12 Steel 23200.10 Iron 9997.94

Table 13 GHG Inventory Table – Pollution Control Device (by Life-Cycle Stage)

Category kgCO2e Manufacturing 47794.67 Logistics 2241.12 Processing ( Packaging + Office) NA Customer NA

29%

0%5%

46%

20%


Fossil Fuels

Muncipal Water

Logistics & Freight

Carbon Steel

Iron & iron casting

21



21




Emission/piece = 205.9 kgCO2e / product


As per the test report when used with a 5HP Kirloskar pump the device reduces emissions as

follows: (refer to Appendix B for test report)

Emission/Load 4 lbs 8 lbs 11 lbs CO 29.6% 36% 49% CO2 55.55% 64.6% 68.6%


1. Reduces noise pollution as compared of conventional motor

2. Reduces local air pollution as compared to a conventional motor

3. Enables the capture of carbon which can be used as a raw material for other industries and

also provide an income source for the use

96%

4%

0%0%

Operations level footprint

Manufacturing

Logistics


Customer

22


Multi Processing Machine

22

6 Innovation 5: Multi Processing Machine

Innovator Mr. Dharamveer, Haryana

Consultant : Udit Bansal Research Assistant : Shashank Shivhare


1. The machine is capable of processing various herbs like juice and gel of aloe vera, juice of amla, jamun, mango, tomato, orange, etc.

2. Pulp of fruits is fed to machine for juice extraction 3. The feeding rate is 150 kg/h 4. The cylindrical vessel is surrounded by jacket of castor oil for uniformly distribution of heat. 5. The motor speed is 1440 rpm 6. The rotor/centrifuge speed is 360 rpm 7. The electricity consumption is about 1.5 units per hour 8. The weight of machine is 125 kg 9. The machine doesn’t require foundation for installation 10. Product Cost: Rs. 1,35,000

23



23

6.2 GHG Inventory Table 14 GHG Inventory Table (per piece) – Multi-Processing Machine (by Emission Scope)

Scope Category kgCO2e Scope 2 Electricity : Purchase Electricity : Grid 693.00 Scope 2 Electricity T&D Losses : Purchase Electricity : Grid 191.40 Scope3 - Logistics

Logistics & Freight : MMV : Public Logistics : Intercity Logistics & Freight : Diesel : Ambient

13.13

Scope 3 - Materials

Metals : Steel : Avg. Carbon Steel : Steel Sector : India - Avg. : Finished Product Grade 210.03

Scope 3 - Materials

Metals : Iron : Steel Sector : India - Avg.: Finished Product Grade 42.24

Scope 3 - Materials

Plastic : Generic Plastic : World Avg. 1.26

Scope 3 - Materials

Glass : Fliber Glass : India - Avg. 0.07

Scope 3 - Materials

Rubber : Block Rubber (STR 20) : Excluding Land-Use Change : Rubber Sector : India - Avg. : Old Plantation Latex

0.92

Total 1,152.1

Table 15 GHG Inventory Table (per piece) – Multi-Processing Machine (by Activity Type)

Category kgCO2e

Electricity 884.4 Logistics 13.13 Carbon Steel 210.03 Iron & iron casting 42.24 Plastic 1.27 Glass 0.07 Rubber 0.92

Table 16 GHG Inventory Table (per piece) – Multi-Processing Machine (by Life-Cycle Stage)

Category kgCO2e

Manufacturing 1138.93 Logistics 13.13 Processing ( Packaging + Office) 0

24



24


Footprint per piece: 1,152.1 kgCO2e


1. Since it is made up of readily available local materials the footprint of the product is quite

low

2. Manufactured in a simple, low cost manner without the use of any fossil fuels

3. Since the product combines various processes into a single compact device it avoids

emissions from the use of raw materials for manufacturing different devices to perform each

function


1. This device allows farmers to provide value added services to their crops on site, hence

enabling them to increase their income.

77%

1%

18%

4%

0% 0% 0%

Activity level footprint

Electricity

Logistics & Freight

Carbon Steel

Iron & iron casting

Plastic

Glass

Rubber

96%

4%

0%0%


Manufacturing

Logistics


Customer

25

cBalance Solutions – NIF Ecolabelling & Product Carbon Footprint Report | Innovation 6: Hand

Operated Water Lifting Device

25

7 Innovation 6: Hand Operated Water Lifting Device Innovator: Mr. N Shakthimainthan, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu

Consultant: Saumya Aggrawal


1. It consists of 2 pairs of chain and sprocket (gear ratio 1:2), impeller pump and pipes. 2. Discharge, irrigation capacity and delivery head of this device are believed to be 20-22,000 l/h, 0.03 ha/h and 0.5 m, respectively.

3. One person is required at a time. 4. The device has high discharge at low-cost compared to conventional hand pump and bicycle operated pumps.

7.2 GHG Inventory Table 17 GHG Inventory Table – Hand-Operated Water Lifting Device (by Emission Scope)

Scope Category kgCO2e Scope 2 Electricity : Purchase Electricity : India - Avg. : Grid 252.0000 Scope 3 Electricity T&D Losses : Purchase Electricity : India - Avg. : Grid 69.6000 Scope 2 Electricity : Purchase Electricity : India - Avg. : Grid 540.0000

Scope 3 Electricity T&D Losses : Purchase Electricity : India - Avg. : Grid 149.1429

Scope 3 Metals : Iron & Iron Castings : Steel Sector : India - Avg. : Plant Raw Material : Raw Material Grade

308.1600

Scope 3 Metals : Avg. Carbon Steel : Steel Sector : India - Avg. : Plant Raw Material : Raw Material Grade

1460.5920

Scope 3 Road Travel : Bus : City Bus : Public Travel : City Travel : Non AC : Avg. Fuel 129.6000 Total 2,909.1

26



26

Table 18 GHG Inventory Table – Hand-Operated Water Lifting Device (by Activity Type)

Category kgCO2e Electricity 1010.74 Iron 308.16 Steel 1460.59 Road Travel 129.6

Table 19 GHG Inventory Table – Hand-Operated Water Lifting Device (by Life-Cycle Stage)

Category kgCO2e Manufacturing 2458.49 Logistics 129.6 Processing ( Office) 321 Customer 0

35%

50%

11%

4%


Electricity

Steel

Iron

Road Travel

27



27


Total Footprint: 2,909.1 kgCO2e


Emission/piece = 40.4 kgCO2e / product


1) Electricity: Since this product is used in place of a regular pump it avoids emissions in the

form of electricity used.

Avg. flow rate = 2021,000 lit/hr. or 21m3/hr.

Differential head = 0.5 m

Density of water = 1000kg/m3

using the equation given below the hydraulic power of the pump is 29W.

Ph = q ρ g h / (3.6 106)

Where, Ph = power (kW), q = flow capacity (m3/h), ρ = density of fluid (kg/m

3),

85%

4%

11%

0%


Manufacturing

Logistics

Processing ( Office)

Customer

28



28

g = gravity (9.81 m/s2), h = differential head (m)

We further use the next equation to calculate the shaft efficiency:

Ps = Ph / η

Where, Ps = shaft power (kW), η = pump efficiency

Assuming the pump runs at a mechanical efficiency of 60% the shaft power drawn by

the pump is approximately 46W.

Assuming the electrical motor runs at 75% efficiency the total power that would be

need for such a device is 80W

Avoided energy consumption per hour of operation is 0.08 kWh which is equivalent

to avoided emissions (including T&D losses) of 0.11 kgCO2e/hr/pump


• Uses raw materials from local stores thus has a small footprint as well as generates income

for the suppliers

• Enable farmers who do not have the means to buy a conventional pump or are not

connected to the grid to pump out water efficiently by harnessing bio-mechanical energy

• Reduces operational cost of agriculture

29


Modification for Auto Engine to increase mileage

29

8 Innovation 7: Modification for Auto Engine to increase mileage

Innovator: Nadu Mr. Sib Shankar Mandal, Kokrajhar, Assam

Consultant: Bhuvanesh Kumar


1. Modified auto engine assembly consists of additional air pre heaters, air intake line to the engine, and engine valve contrary to the conventional 2 stroke engine which does not have valve.

2. There are two air pre heaters in the engine assembly. 3. Part of the exhaust gas is utilized to heat the incoming air and some part is utilized to heat the mixture (air + fuel) before entry to the engine for complete combustion.

4. IIT Guwahati evaluated the heat recovery system and reported mileage increased by around 33%.

The performance test report for this innovation is included in Appendix C.

8.2 GHG Inventory Table 20 GHG Inventory Table – Auto Engine Modification (by Emission Scope)

Scope Category kgCO2e Scope 2 Electricity : Grid 26.2500 Scope 3 Electricity T&D Losses : Grid 7.2500 Scope 1 Fossil Fuels : Gas/Diesel Oil 186.3050 Scope 3 Metals : Aluminum : Raw Material Grade 2.4010 Scope 3 Metals : Avg. Carbon Steel : Raw Material Grade 0.4508 Scope 3 Plastic : Generic Plastic 0.7590 Scope 3 Metals : Copper : Raw Material Grade 1.4067 Total 224.82

30



30

Table 21 GHG Inventory Table – Auto Engine Modification (by Activity Type)

Category kgCO2e Electricity 33.5 Fossil Fuels 186.31 Aluminum 2.4 Steel 0.45 Plastic 0.76 Copper 1.41

Table 22 GHG Inventory Table – Auto Engine Modification (by Life-Cycle Stage)

Category kgCO2e Manufacturing 224.82 Logistics negligible Processing ( Packaging + installation) negligible

15%

83%

1%0%0%1%

Activity level footprint

Electricity

Fossil Fuels

Aluminum

Steel

Plastic

Copper

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Total Footprint: 224.82 kgCO2e


Emission/piece = 224.82 kgCO2e / product (not including emissions due to logistics)


The device improves fuel efficiency by 33%. Hence the 4 stroke spark engine consumes 33% less

fuel for every km. This amounts to an emissions reduction of about 10 gCO2e per km driven

As per the test report when used with a 5HP Kirloskar pump the device reduces emissions as

follows:

Conditions CO2 CO Idling 28.6% 36% Loaded 42.4% 53%


1. Reduces noise pollution

2. Reduces local air pollution

3. Reduces operational cost of vehicles when used by households or rural businesses

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APPENDIX

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A) Performance Test Report of Multi-Directional Windmill

Sr. Reading 1 Km/hr) Reading 2 (Km/hr)

1 18.9 17.5

2 21.3 21.1

3 25.8 19.6

4 27.3 21.5

5 20 25.9

6 18.8 26.8

7 19 21.2

8 22.3 23.3

9 21.2 22.8

10 22 14.5

11 25.4

12 28.9

13 34.9

15 26.7

16 24.4

Total 216.6 354.5

Avg(Km/hr) 21.66 23.63333333

Total time (sec) 28 27

Container size (lt) 25 25

Discharge (lt/hr) 3214.28 3333.33

Performance of the windmill

has been measured using the

anemometer and a container of

25 lt. And recording the data in

the video and later analyzed to

measure the performance of the

windmill. The wind during the

noon time was found to reach

the maximum of 35 Km/hr.

Conclusion: - The average

discharge of windmill is 3273 lt @

wind speed of 22.64 Km/hr.

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B) Performance Test Report for Pollution Control Device: BIT (Mesra) test report for flue gas

analysis of Kirloskar Diesel engine (5 HP) with and without the device

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C) Performance Test Report for Auto Engine Modification: undertaken by IIT - Guwahati

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D) Performance Test Report for Performance Enhancer: undertaken by MNIT Jaipur

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PENDING ITEMS

1. NIF to add content related to socio-economic impact

2. Performance test per product/tech category

3. Performance Enhancer Innovation Product Carbon Footprint Report

ecolabelling (draft) & product carbon footprint...

Documents