manual review2.doc

NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY

TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE

1. Protection Control And Metering, SCADA

And Communication..2. System Electrical Operations.

3. System Distribution Lines Maintenance &

Cable Jointing..

POWER HOLDING COMPANY OF NIGERIA PLCMANUAL REVIEW ON P.C.& M, SCADA & COMMUNICATION

The existing courses in the above Department were critically examined. Presently, we have the following courses:-

1. RELAYING PROTECTION P1

2. ADVANCE PROTECTION P2

3. BASIC PROTECTION FORE TECHNICIAN PT

4. SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS C2

5. DIGITAL ELECTRONICS C3

6. BASIC COMMUNICATION C8

7. METERING M1

After a thorough review, the under listed are the courses that were recommended:

1. Basic System Protection P12. Advance protection P2

3. Protection for Technician PT

4. Basic APPLIED Electronics AE

5. Advance Applied Electronics - AE2

6. System Metering

7. Generator Protection and Control P3

8. Power System Analysis and Planning PSAP

9. Engineering Project Management EP

10. Engineering Maintenance Management EM

11. Energy Management System EMS

12. SCADA System SCS

13. Analysis And Protection of Power System APPS

14. Basic Communication C8

15. Power System Communication; Principles and Application CPA

16. Communication Equipments SCE17. Protection And Digital Control System P&DNos. 1, 2,,3,,6 & 14 are existing courses that were reviewed. Nos 4 & 5 are the new courses completely developed to replace the former Digital Electronics C3 course and the Solid State Electronics C2 course. This is done so as to give required sound knowledge to help the participants to carry out Trouble Shooting easily on both Communication and Protection Equipments; with increasing demand in Microprocessor and Programmable Units.

This change will also enable the participants to design or interpret logic-circuits that are the bedrock of Modern Power Control System.

Courses Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17 Are completely new courses developed to meet the training demand for both Protection and Communication Engineers.

NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITY

BASIC SYSTEM PROTECTION (P1)

COURSE TITLE Basic System Protection (P1)

DESIGNED FOR: Engineering And technologistsEDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: HND. B.Sc

DURATION:

Three Weeks

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course, participants should be able:-

Design Protection Schemes for Power Transformer

Solve any problem relating to Protection of Power Transformer

Effectively carry out fault study analysis and calculate short circuit currents

in the system.

Correctly select appropriate circuit breakers for particular location.

Effectively set and coordinate relays.

Read control circuits and use it to solve problems.

Provide protection for Lines.

Co-ordinate fuse effectively.

Tests and calibrate relays.

COURSE CONTENT:

1.INTRODUCTION TO RELAYING PROTECTION AND DEVICE NUMBERS:

1.1Introduction

1.2The Relay

1.3Fault Conditions

1.4Relay Types and Classification

1.5Relay Performance

1.6Relay Operating Time

1.7Zones of Protection

1.8Primary and Secondary Relays

1.9Electrical Power System Device Numbers and Functions

1.10Devices performing more than one function

1.11Suffix Numbers/Letters

1.12Representation of Device Contacts.

2. CONTROL CIRCUITS:

2.1Introduction

2.2Control Symbols and Alphabets

2.3Control Circuit Supplies2.4Trip Circuit

2.5Single Line Diagrams

2.6AC & DC Schematics

2.7Reading of Schematic Diagrams.

3.FAULT STUDY, ANALYSIS AND SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION3.1 Introduction3.2 Fault Types and Causes

3.3 Characteristics of faults

3.4 Necessity for fault calculations

3.5 Fault calculations.

4.RELAY CO-ORDINATION4.1 Introduction

4.2 Methods of Relay Co-ordination

4.3 Co-ordination Procedure

4.3.1 Time Graded System4.3.2 Current Graded System

4.3.3 Combination of Time and Current Graded System

4.3.4 Grading Margin

4.3.5 Examples on Relay Co-ordination.

5.POWER TRANSFORMERS AND CONNECTIONS

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Theory

5.3 Single Phase Units Versus Three Phase Units

5.4 Types of Transformer

5.5 Three Phase Transformer Connection or Vector Groups5.6 Parallel Operation of Transformer

5.6.1 Phase Shift in Delta-Star/Star-Delta Transformation

5.6.2 Parallel Operation of DY11 and DY1 Transformers

5.6.3 Procedures in Parallel Operation

5.6.4 Using Phasing Sticks

5.6.5 By the methods of External Supply Source

5.6.6 By use of Voltage Transformer

5.7 Case Studies on Paralleling of Transformers

5.8 Three Winding Power Transformers

5.9 Cooling of Transformers and Cost Comparison of the cooling methods

5.10 Requirements and Characteristics of insulating Oil

5.11 Tests on Transformers

5.12 Maintenance of Power Transformer

6.INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

6.1Introduction

6.2Classification

6.3Current Transformers

6.4Theory of Current Transformer

6.5Character of Current Transformers

6.6.Errors in Current Transformers

6.7Common Definition of Terms Used with CTs

6.8Selection of the Rated output or Burden

6.9recommended Accuracy Class of Circuits for instruments and Relays Application

6.10Classification of Current Transformer

6.11Tests on CTs

6.12How to specify a Current Transformer

6.13Maintenance of Circuits in Service

6.14Voltage or Potential Transformer

6.15Types of Voltage Transformer

6.16Common Definition of Terms used with VTs

6.17Errors in Voltage Transformer

6.18Voltage Factor (Vf)

6.19Application of Accuracy Class for Various Metering and Protection Purposes.

6.20Choice between Magnetic Type Voltage Transformer and Capacitive Type Voltage Transformer

6.21Problems associated with CVTs

6.22Polarity and Connection of VTs

6.23Tests

6.24How to specify Voltage Transformers

6.25Protection of VTs

6.26Maintenance of VTs in Service7.BASIC DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION7.1Introduction

7.2Basic Differential Relaying\

7.3Types of Differential Protection or Relaying

7.4Application

8.GENERATOR PROTECTION8.1 Introduction

8.2 Types of Generator Faults

8.3 Stator Protection

8.4 Rotor Protection

8.5 Miscellaneous Faults and Abnormal Conditions9. TRANSFORMERS PROTECTION

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Nature of Transformer Faults

9.3 Protection against Internal Faults

9.3.1 Gas Actuated Relays

9.3.2 Over current and Unrestricted Earth Fault Protection

9.3.3 Balanced Earth or Restricted Earth Fault Protection (REFP)9.3.4 Frame leakage Protection

9.3.5 Differential Protection

9.3.6 Guidelines in the Selection of Current Transformers for Differential Protection

9.3.7 Examples on providing Differential Protection for Power Transformer

9.4 Fluxing Currents9.5 Over voltages and overfluxi10. BASIC LINE PROTECTION

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Types of Protection

10.2.1 Over current and earth fault protection

10.2.2 Distance protection

10.2.3 Pilot protection

10.2.4 Over current and earth fault protection for single lines

10.2.5 Selection of the inverse nes of a relay characteristic

10.3 Application of Instantaneous o.c. relays

10.4 Protection for parallel line

10.5 Adjustments for Loop and interconnected circuits.11.AUTORECLOSING SCHEMES

11.1Introduction

11.2Advantages of Reclosing11.3Definition of Common terms used in Autoreclose Schemes

11.4Application of Autoreclose Schemes11.5Reclosing System Considerations11.6Auto-Reclosures

11.7Limitation in use of Autoreclose Schemes

11.8Examples of Autoreclosing Schemes

12.OVERVOLTAGES AND SURGE PROTECTION12.1Introduction

12.2Overvoltages

12.3Significance of Overvoltages in Power Systems

12.4Protection Against Overvoltages in Power Systems.

13.FUSES AND FUSE CO-ORDINATION13.1Introduction

13.2Types of Fuses

13.3Fuse Co-ordination

13.4Methods for Determining Co-ordinated Fusing

14.SYSTEM STABILITY14.1Introduction

14.2System Instability/frequency Control

14.3Interconnected Power System

14.4Load Shedding and Under frequency Relay.

15.E A R T H I N G

15.1Introduction

15.2Objective of Earthing

15.3Types of Earthing

15.4Earthing Transformers

15.5Choice of the method of Neutral Earthing

15.6Selection of Grounding Materials

15.7Earthing System

15.8General Instructions for Laying Earthing Grid.

16.TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF RELAYS16.1Introduction

16.2Tests on Relays

16.3Accessories for Testing, Precautions Giving Testing and Maintenance Tests

16.4Fault investigation/Relay Operation.

COURSE TITLE Advance Protection P2

DESIGNED FOR: Engineering And TechnologistsEDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: HND. B.Sc

DURATION:

Two Weeks

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the course, participants should be able:-

iCarry out Calibration Procedure on YTG, YTO, R3Z24, DIGITAL

DISTANCE RELAYS

OHMEGA DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAYS

OPTIMHO DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAYS

SIPROTEC DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAYS

ii. Analyse Unsymmetrical Faults Using Symmetrical ComponetCOURSE CONTENT:

ADVANCE PROTECTION P21.INTRODUCTION TO TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION1.1Classification of Electric Power Lines

1.2Techniques of Line Protection

1.3Terminologies

1.4Explanatory Terms used in Protection of Transmission Lines

1.5 Nature and Effects of Transmission Line Faults

1.6. Typical Analysis of Faults on High Voltage Power Systems

1.6 Factors affecting the Choice of Protection

2. R-X DIAGRAMS, DISTANCE RELAYS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Principles of R-X Diagram

2.3 Convention for Superimposing Relay and System Characteristics on R-X Diagram

2.4 Distance Relays

2.5 Classification of Electromagnetic Relays based on their Characteristics

2.6 Distance Relays as Comparators

2.7 Static Relays

2.8 Types of Static Relays

2.9 Salient Features of Electromagnetic Distance Relays2.10 Advantages of Static Relays over Electromagnetic Relays

2.11 Limitation of Distance Relays

2.12 Recent Trends in Distance Protection.

3. SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS AND FAULT ANALYSIS USING SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS

3.1 Introduction\

3.2 Basic Concepts

3.3 The Operator a

3.4 Sequence Impedances in a Three Phase Power System

3.5 Sequence Impedances of Power System Apparatus and Circuits3.6 Representation of Voltages Generated and terminal Voltages in Respect of an Alternator

3.7 Zero Sequence Currents in Star and Delta Circuits

3.8 Sequence Networks

3.9 Some Examples on Symmetrical Components

3.10 Unsymmetrical Faults

3.11 Examples on Fault Calculations

4. APPLICATION OF DISTANCE RELAYS TO LINE PROTECTION

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Types of Faults

4.3 Reach of Distance Relay

4.4 Zones of Protection

4.5 Switched and Non-switched Distance Relaying Scheme

4.6 Relay Response

4.7 System Impedance

4.8 System Faults

4.9 Residual Compensation

4.10 Mutual Inductance

4.11 Desirable Characteristics for Distance Relays

4.12 Power Swings

4.13 Choice of the Characteristics

4.14 A |Complete Distance Protection Scheme

5. PILOT WIRE PROTECTION

5.1 Introduction

5.2 A Resume of Differential Protection

5.3 General Principles of Pilot Wire Protection

5.4 Restricting Regulations on the Application of Differential Protection by Pilot Wire

5.5 Practical Application of Pilot Wire Protection

5.6 Additional Notes on Tripping and Blocking Pilot

5.7 Signal Transmission Methods Commonly used with Pilot Wires

5.8 Choice of the signaling method in relation to Pilot Wires

5.9 Protective measures associated with signaling wires and Cables.

6. POWER LINE CARRIER CHANNEL EQUIPMENT AND RADIO LINKS FOR PROTECTION OF H.V. AND EHV TRANSMISSION LINES

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Operating Frequency Range

6.3 Line Coupling

6.4 Line Trap or Wave Trap

6.5 Coupling Capacitor

6.6 Drain Coil or Drainage Coil (D)

6.7 Line Tuner or Line Matching Unit (M)

6.8 Co-axial Cable

6.9 Power line Characteristics

6.10 Mode of Operation and Method of Signalling

6.11 Radio Links or Microwave Pilots.

7. DIRECTIONAL AND PHASE COMPARISON SYSTEMS OF PROTECTION

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Phase Comparison Protection

7.3 Characteristics of Information Links

7.4 Interference and noise

7.5 Reliability

7.6 Application

7.7 Directional; Comparison Relaying

7.8 Comparison between Directional and Phase Comparison System of Protection7.9 Protection of Multi-Ended Systems7.10 Phase Combination of Protection Schemes Acting in Co-operation

8. BUSBAR SCHEMES AND PROTECTION OF BUSBARS

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Busbar Schemes and Layouts

8.3 Faults in Busbars

8.4 Busbar Protection Schemes

8.5 Location of Current Transformers

9. PROTECTION OF SHUNT REACTORS

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Location

9.3 Types of Reactors

9.4 Faults in Reactors

10. PROTECTION OF SHUNT CAPACITORS

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Advantages of Shunt Capacitors

10.3 Types of Shunt Capacitors

10.4 Determination of the Bank Rating and Combination of Units to Form Capacitor Bank

10.5 Location and Installation

10.6 Protection

10.7 Special Shunt Capacitor Problems and Operating Conditions

TELE-PROTECTION

10.8 Pilot Relaying

10.9 Blocking Schemes

10.10 Fundamentals

10.11 Pilot Relaying Transfer Tripping Schemes.

COURSE TITLE Generator Protection and Control P3

DESIGNED FOR: Engineering And TechnologistsEDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: B.Sc/B. Eng, HND

DURATION:

Two Weeks

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course, participants should be able:-

Effectively carry out Trouble Shooting/Maintenance in Boiler, boiler Feed Pump Fuel System, bearing/Shaft System, etc

Economically and efficiently operate Power Plant

Solve Problems Connection with: Field Failure, Overspeed, Motoring and loss of Synchronism.

COURSE CONTENT:

GENERATOR PROTECTION AND CONTROL P3

1. Stator Protection

2. Rotor Protection

3. Generator Excitation System

4. Governor System/Control Action

5. Field Failure (loss of field)

6. Overspeed/Over Frequency protection

7. Motoring

8. Loss of Synchronism

9. Bearing Overheat

10. Boiler Logic

11. Boiler Feed Pump Control

12. Efficiency And Economic Operation of Generator

13. Generator Auxiliary System

14. Fuel System

15. Turbine/Compressor System

16. Bearing/Shaft System

COURSE TITLE Power System Analysis Planning - PSAPDESIGNED FOR: Engineering And TechnologistsEDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: B.Sc/B. Eng, HND

DURATION:

Two Weeks

OBJECTIVES:

Participants should be able to apply a variety of modern study tools in analyzing system behaviours under varied conditions to optimize system resource; maintain supply quality; ensure system stability, enhance reliability and economic operation of the grid network.

COURSE CONTENTS:

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND PLANNING - PSAP 1. Steady State Stability Analysis

2. Dynamic Stability Studies

3. Fault Studies And Analysis

4. Transmission Circuits Reliability Assessment

5. Active Power Dispatch

6. Reactive Power Dispatch

7. Network Compensating Devices

8. System Load Forecast

9. Economic Dispatch

10. Application Of Study Tools As In Power Flow, Short Circuit Studies, Optima Power Flow.

COURSE TITLE Basic Protection For Technician (PT)

DESIGNED FOR: Technicians

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: OND, C & G Technician I & II

DURATION:

Three weeks

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the course the participants should be able to:

I. Read both Protection and Control Circuits and use them to solve problems

II. Provide necessary Protection for Power Transformers

III. Correctly connect Instrument Transformers

IV. Complete Earthing System in a Sub-station

V. Carry out Relay Calibration Procedure

VI. Provide Basic Protection for Lines

VII. Correct Set Relays

VIII. Carry out protection Wiring and Pre-commissioning Tests in Distribution Sub-station

IX. Work on Battery Charger and Battery Storage/Battery Bank.COURSE CONTENTS:

PROTECTION FOR TECHNICIAN (P1)

1.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTION1.1

Introduction

1.2

Purpose of Relaying protection

1.3

Basic Elements of Protection

1.4

Relay

1.5

Application of Protection Relay

1.6

A reflection on our System

2.

INSTRUMENT CONNECTION AND USES

2.1

Introduction

2.2

Ammeter

2.3

Voltmeter

2.4

Wattmeter

2.5

Ohmmeters

2.6

Instrument Connections In Relay Calibration

2.7

Checking for Pick Up Value

2.8

Relay Performance Characteristics

2.9

Reading Instrument indications

2.10Observations Before Connecting Instrument For Use

2.11Accuracy Rating

2.12Care of instrument in Usage

3.

CONTROL CIRCUITS3.1

Introduction

3.2

Supplies of Control Circuits

3.3

Common Convention In Control Circuit

4.

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

4.1

Introduction4.2

Classification

4.3

Types of Instrument Transformers

4.4.Current Transformer

4.5

Characteristics of Current Transformer

4.6

Error in Current Transformer

4.7

Common Definition of Terms Used with Current Transformers

4.8

Pre-Commissioning Tests On C.T

4.9

Voltage or Potential Transformers (VTSU/PTS)

4.10Common definition of Terms used with Voltage Transformer

4.11Equivalent Circuit of a Voltage Transformer

4.12Errors in Voltage Transformers

4.13Application of Accuracy Class for Various Metering and Protection Purposes

4.14Choice between Magnetic Type Voltage Transformers and Capacitor Type Voltage Transformers

4.15Problems Associated with C,V,T.s

4.16Polarity and Connection of VTs

4.17Tests

5.

INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTIVE RELAYS5.1

Introduction\

5.2

Relay Parts

5.3

Method of Achieving Multiple Tappings

5.4

Inverse Time Over Current Relays

5.5

Other Protective Relays

5.6

Relay Circuits

5.7

The use of Relay By NEPA

5.8

Relay Contacts

5.9

Relay Calibration and Scopes of the course6.

RELAY SETTING6.1

Introduction

6.2

Reasons for Correct Relay Setting

6.3

Choice of Relay

6.4

Tools in Relay Setting

6.5

Setting Available

6.6

Relay performance Curve

6.7

Example on Relaying Settings

7.

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION7.1

Introduction

7.2

Basic Differential Relaying

7.3.Types of Differential Protection or Relaying

7.4.Biased Differential Protection

7.5

Application.

8.

PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS8.1

Introduction

8.2

Nature of Transformer Faults

8.3

Protection Against Internal Faults

8.4

Current Transformer Characteristics

8.5

Examples on Providing Differential protection for Power Transformer

9.

GENERATOR PROTECTION9.1

Introduction

9.2

Fuel Systems

9.3

Turbine/Compressor System

9.4

Bearing/Shaft System

9.5

Governor System

9.6

Excitation and Voltage Regulation Systems

9.7

Generator Itself (Electrical)

9.8

Summary.

10.CIRCUIT BREAKERS OPERATIONS AND CONTROL10.1Introduction

10.2Fundamentals of Operating Mechanism

10.3Requirements of Control Circuit. As applied to Circuit Breaker

10.4Choice of Circuit Breaker Common Trend in NEPA plc.

10.5Testing and Maintenance of Circuit Breaker

10.6General Trip Free Mechanism Linkage

10.7Quick Acting Release Latches

Breaker Power Unit

Requirements of Control as applied to Circuit Breaker.

11.

SYSTEM EARTHING11.1Introduction

11.2System Neutral Ground

11.3Grounded System

11.4Ungrounded System

11.5Advantages of System Neutral Grounding

11.6Characteristics of ungrounded System

11.7Methods of Neutral Grounding

11.8Suggested Grounding Methods For Industrial System

11.9Ground at Each Voltage Level

11.10Rating of Grounding Equipments

11.11Auto-transformers

11.12Grounding Transformers

11.13Zigzag Grounding Transformers

11.14Y-Delta Grounding

11.15Selection of Grounding Materials

11.16Operating Experience

12.

EQUIPMENT GROUNDING12.1 Introduction

12.2 Definition

12.3 Objectives

12.4 Grounding Electrode

12.5 Power Plant And Distribution Equipment

12.6 Lightning And Lighting Arrestor Grounds

12.7 Method of Measuring Resistance to Earth

12.8 Grounds at Sub-station

12.9 General Instruction For Laying Earthing Grid

13 PHASING STICKS13.1 Objectives13.2 Introduction13.3 Phasing13.4 Grounding13.5 Testing for Same Phase (Phasing Out)13.6 Testing For Phase Rotation14.

TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF RELAYS14.1Introduction

14.2Tests On Relay

14.3Accessories For Testing, Precautions During Testing And Maintenance Test

14.4Fault Investigation/Relay Operation

14.5Application Of Instantaneous O.C. Relays

14.6Protection for Parallel Lines

14.7Adjustment for Loop and Interconnected Circuits15. FUSE AND FUSE CO-ORDINATION15.1 Introduction

15.2 Definition

15.3 Fault Current Magnitude And Fuse Selection

15.4 Characteristics of Fuses

15.5 Total Clearing Time

15.6 Co-ordination of Fuses

15.7 Example of Fuse Co-ordination

16.BASIC LINE PROTECTION16.1Introduction

16.2Types of Protection

16.3Over current And Earth Fault Protection.

COURSE TITLE: Engineering Projects Management EPM

DESIGNED FOR: Engineers And Technologists

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: B.Sc/B.Eng. HND

DURATION: One Week

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the programme the participants should be able to:

-Apply modern tools and techniques in the planning, implementation and control

of Engineering projects

COURSE CONTENTS:

ENGINEERING PROJECTS MANAGEMENT EP1. Project Definition2. The Planning Process3. Project Risk Management

4.Implementation Technique

5.Project Control

6.Performance Assessment Criteria 7.Human Resource Management and LeadershipCOURSE TITLE: Basic Applied Electronics AE 1

DESIGNED FOR: Electrical/Electronics Engineers

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: HND, B.Eng.

DURATION: Two Weeks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

1.This course will serve as a pre-requisite to Advance Applied Electronics Course

2.Participants should be able to make use of such equipment as Oscilloscopes and

Signal Generators to measure/monitor signal levels in course of carrying out maintenance tests or commissioning power, control and communication equipment.

3.A sound knowledge acquired in this course will help the participants to carry out Trouble Shooting easily on the equipment this reducing DOWNTIME in course of any breakdown of such equipment.

COURSE CONTENTS:

1.Thyristors Principles of Operations

2.Zener Diodes

3.Operational Amplifiers

4.Oscillator

5.Transistors Gates and Switches6.Filters High pass, Band pass, Low pass, etc

7.Boolean Algebra

8.Logic Families9.Karnaugh Map

10.Basic Gates

11.Memory Element Principles of Operations

12.Registers & counters Introduction

13.Multivibrators

14.Signal Generators Introduction

15.Use of Oscilloscopes

16.Comparators/Level Detectors Principles of Operation

COURSE TITLE: Advance Applied Electronics AE 1


EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: HND, B.Sc

DURATION: Two Weeks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:1.To equip the participants with sound knowledge of Operations of Electronic Sub-systems which are the building blocks of Power System Electronics based equipment2.Participants should be able to apply the acquired knowledge to maintenance of Power, Control and Communication Equipment to ensure efficient Operations and

Control of the GRID

3. Participants also should be able to design or interpret logic circuit designs that are the bedrock of modern Power Control System Manufacturing. This again will enhance his ability to maintain and sustain Operation of Power Control and Communication Equipment

COURSE CONTENT:

1.Thyristors - Applications

2.Logic Circuit Designs

3.Memory Elements Applications

4.Registers and Counters Applications

5.Microprocessors

6.Signal Generators Introduction

7.Frequency Counters

8.Spectrum Analysers

9.Comparators/Level Detectors Applications

10.Timing Circuits11.Programmable Logic Controllers

12.Integrated Circuits

COURSE TITLE: Engineering Maintenance Management - EMM

DESIGNED FOR: Engineers and Technologists

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: B.Sc/ B.Eng. HND

DURATION: Two Weeks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the programme participants would be able to be proficient in applying reliability Centred Maintenance Approach to minimize equipment failure rate and outage duration.

COURSE CONTENTS:ENGINEERING MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT EM

1.Overview

2.Classification of Maintenance Function

3.Maintenance Planning

4.Failure Characteristics

5.Reliability Assessment

6.Human Resource Management and Leadership

7.Cost Benefit AnalysisCOURSE TITLE: Energy Measurement System - EMS



DURATION: Two Weeks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the programme, the participants should be able to achieve:

-Optimal Utilization of On-line Study tools such as Network Analysis, Generation

Control and Scheduling, Resource Optimization, System Load Forecast, etc for efficient operation of a Stable and Reliable Power System.

COURSE CONTENTS:ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - EMS

1.Generation Control and Scheduling2.Network Analysis

3.Resource Optimization

4.Energy Accounting

5.Hydro Thermal Co-ordination

6.System load forecast

7.Economic Dispatch

COURSE TITLE: SCADA System - SCS



DURATION: Two Weeks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the programme, the participants should be able to:

-Master the principle and application of SCADA Hardware and Software Engineering.

-Be able to Maintain the RTUs and the TCI.-Handle the Network Data Base Administration

COURSE CONTENT:

SCADA SYSTEM SCS:

HARDWARE:

1.Overview of SCADA System2.Remote Thermal

3.Master station/Telecontrol Interface

4.SCADA Architecture

5.Telemetry

6.Information Exchance between Master Station and Remote Terminal Unit

7.Modular Layout of the SCADA System Software

8.Unix

9.Local Area Network/Wide Area Network

10.Data Modelling

11.Data Base Administration

12.Static and Dynamic Data Base Masters

13.Historical and Future Data Acquisition

14.Spectrum Basis

15.Spectrum Administration

16.Server Functionality and Redundancy Configuration

COURSE TITLE: POWER SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS: PRINCIPLES AND

APPLICATION CPA

DESIGNED FOR: Electrical/Electonics EngineersEDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: HND; B.Sc. DURATION: Two Weeks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the Course the participants should be able to:

1.Understand that communication is the Line wire of system operations and control and hence its importance.2.Gain indepth knowledge of the various types of communication media3.To carry out adequate maintenance of PLC, optic fibre VSAT, and Radio Communication equipment with a view to enhancing power system operations and control.

4.Carry out maintenance of system communication power supplies:5.Programmed PLC and optic fibre terminal equipment for new installations and hence ready utilization in a given station.

COURSE CONTENTS:POWER SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS:

PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION COURSE CODE: CPA 1.0 Telecommunication as a veritable Tool to Power System Operations and Control.

2.0 Basic Principles of Communication System

2.1Basic Components and Operation of a Communication System

2.2Simplex system2.3Semi or Half Duplex System

2.4Full Duplex System

3.0Communication media

3.1Pilot wires/cables

3.2Powerline Carrier (PLC)

3.3Microwave Radio Links

3.4Optic Fibre Medium

3.5VSAT

3.6Communication Media Classification: Bound and Unbound Medium

4.0Power System Telecommunication PhilosophyThe basic telecommunication System in a Power Industry

(a)Powerline Carrier (PLC) System

(b)Telephony Signal

(c)Teleprinting Signal

(d)Teleprotection Signal

(e)SCADA Signals

4.1 Types of PLCE Equipment in NEPA VIZ ETB, ETC, ETL 41, 81, 540, 580 AND ESB 20002, ESB500

4.2

Teleprotection Signalling Principle and Operations:

Direct Trip Scheme

Permissive Trip Scheme

Block Tripping

Different types of Protection Signalling Equipment

NSD30, NSD430, NDD50, NSD60, NSD550.

Areas of application

4.3 Telex System Network

(i)Voice Frequency Telegraph Equipment viz

(a)NSK 3

(b)NSK 5

(c)NSK 4

(ii)Frequency Allocation Scheme

(iii)Telex PAX: Principle and Operations

4.4NEPA PAX Telephone Network:

Introduction and Illustration with diagrams

Types, principle and operation of PAX Switching Equipment in use in NEPA - Synergetic Open

Phillips Office System

(SOPHO)- Microprocessor Controlled Switching Equipment (ECS F)

- 2 W/4 Wire Telephone Connections4.5 Party Line System (PLS)

Principle and Operation and Network Diagram

4.6 Radio Communication System Operations and Principle

Types of radios in use and Frequencies of Operation. Limitation.

HF Radio Connectional

HF Radio CODAN type (Multifunctional)

VHF Radios (base, mobile and walkie talkie)

4.7

Backup Telecommunication Facilities

(a)PSTN Nitel (Telephony and Fax)

(b)Private Operators GSM, Thuraya Set (base globe connect and handheld).

(c)E-mails/Internet Servicves

-through NITEL Lines

-through VSAT

-Using Optic Fibre

Definition of Terminologies

- ISP

-Internet

-Ethernet, etc

4.8 Communication System Power Supplies: Importance

50VDC Battery banks and chargers

12VDC Heavy duty Batteries and chargers

Maintenance, Connection Schemes.

4.9 Sustenance/Availability of Communication

Equipment Handling

Periodic Inspections and Reports5.0 LABORATOR/CLASS DEMONSTRATIONS

Alignment Procedures of PLC equipment using signal

Generators signal level monitoring equipment.

Programming: (Downloading Uploading) of ETL PLC

Equipment using customized personal computer.

Programming ECSF PAX equipment using the maintenance

Unit

PAX/PLC Wiring technique.

4 Wire Telephone installation.

6.0 Grounding: Techniques & Importance to Safety of Telecommunication

Equipment in NEPA Stations.

7.0 Optic Fibre Communication System basic Circuit Components

Signals borne on Optic Fibre

Types of Fibres

(i) AD

(ii) ADSS

(iii) OPGW

OLTE8 and Accessories Programme of Optic Fibre Line Terminating equipment using the Personal Computer (PC)

Splicing Technique.

8.0

VSAT Communication Circuit Components.

8.1

Configuration of VSAT System for

(a)Local Area Networking

(b)Wide Area Networking

(c)Telephony: VOIP on VSAT

(d)Requirements and implementation of maintenance on VSAT

Communication System.

COURSE TITLE: System Communications Equipment Code SCE


EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: B. ENG. HNDDURATION: Two Weeks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

At the end of each of the module or specific equipment training the participants should be able to:

1.Install, programme or parametise, and maintain the equipment using associated

2.

To enhance a multiplying effect the participant should be able to train other communication staff in the system.

SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT COURSE CODE (SCE).

1.0 A course on installation commissioning and maintenance of new PLC ETL 5

500/NSD 550/AM x 500. (ABB)

2.0 Course on installation Commissioning and Maintenance of SOPHO PAX (ABB)

3.0 Course on Installation Commissioning and Maintenance of OPTIC Fibre Terminal Equipment type OLTE 8. and associated equipment

4.0 SCADA RTU

Parametisation and Network Maintennace (SIEMENS)

5.0 Course on Power line Carrier Equipment

Types: ESB 20002

ESB 500

(SIEMENS)

RMARK

The design of the course content should be such that the staff trained will be able to install commissioning (including Programming/Parametisation) and maintain all the

Above mentioned equipment using the associated Laptop in each case.

It recommended that supplier/manufacturer of each of these equipment be invited to conduct such an in-depth training. Therefore the few people trained by them can be organized to train other communication staff. This is a multiplier effect.

COURSE TITLE: System Metering (M1)


EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: HND; B.Sc./B. ENG.

DURATION: Two Weeks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

Carry out Calibrations Procedures and effectively calibrate Grid Meters:

Trouble Shoot and Rapid Energy Meters, etc.

Correctly select appropriate Instrument Transformers.

COURSE CONTENTS:

1. Instrument Transformers

2. Panel Metering

Panel Ammeter, Voltmeter, Watthr, Varhr

3. Recorders

-Frequency Recorder

-Var Recorder

-Watt Recorder

4. .Telemetering5.

Energy Meter

6.

Meters Classification, Installation and Metering Methods7.

Calibration Procedures8.

Universal Matching CT

COURSE TITLE: Analysis And Protection of Power System (APPS)


EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: B. SC/B. Eng., HND.

DURATION: Two Weeks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:At the end of the programme, the participants should be able to:

-Effectively analyzed Unbalanced Faults

-Calibrate Non-Directional Overcurrent Relays

-Provide Earthing System

-Provide Effective Protection Protection Schemes for Transformers-Busbar and Lines.

COURSE CONTENTS:

ANALYSIS AND PROTECTION OF POWER SYSTEMS (APPS):

1.Introduction

2.Analysis of Balance Faults

3.Analysis of Unbalanced Faults

4.Faults Analysis

5.Non-directional Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection

6.Directional Overcurrent and Earth fault Protection

7.System Grading

8.Differential Protection

9.Current Transformers

10.Voltage Transformers

11.System Earthing

12.Transformer Protection

13.Busbar Protection

14.Network Stability.

COURSE TITLE: Protection and Digital Control System (P&D)DESIGNED FOR: Engineers And Technologists

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION: B. SC/B. Eng., HND.

DURATION: Two Weeks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:At the end of the programme, the participants will effectively be able to: Use the test sets OMICRON 156,256; alternative Test Set, etc.

-Calibrate the following Digital Relays: OHMEGA DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAYS OPTIMHO DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAYS

SIPROTEC DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAYS Use Digital Relays Testing Tools and Software, Fault Localizers, etc.

Effectively Protect MV and HV Network.COURSE CONTENTS:

PROTECTION AND DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS (P&D)

1) Introduction

2) Protecting MV and HV Network

3) Digital Technology Applied In Sub-station

4) MV & HV Network Selectivity

5) Choosing A Digital Control System6) Digital Distance Relays OHMEGA DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAYS

OPTIMHO DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAYS

SIPROTEC DISTANCE PROTECTION RELAYS7) Digital Relays Testing Tools and Softwares8) Fault Localizers

9) Disturbance Recorder

10) Sequence of Events Recorder

11) Fault Analysis Softwares Win TPE

12) Use of Test Sets

OMICRON 156,256

Alternative Test (By Jiyoda Engineering)

NATIONAL ELECTRIC POWER AUTHORITYCOMMITTEE ON MANUAL REVIEW PROGRAMME

SYSTEM ELECTRICAL OPERATORS PROGRAMME

Electrical industry development worldwide is going through trends and innovations probably due to the introduction of information technology and computerisation, which had made power system operations a little bit more complex to operate.

Again, the upgrading of the entry behaviour of system electrical operators from WASC/GCE or their equivalents to OND/ND in electrical /Electronic Engineering by NEPA Management hinged most likely on the above premise of the rapid changes in the technological world.

It has become pertinent in reviewing this syllabus, to take account of development in the subjects not only nationally but worldwide. We have suggested a clear presentation of the syllabus materials, drop some subjects that are no longer necessary to meet the present day needs of the system, improved on a lot of subjects with deeper sciences and mathematics that will enhance better understanding of the systems, but we have not attempted to soften the blow by taking the easy way out. The trainees have to be exposed to challenges without which we can never move forward.

Emphasis has been placed on the acquisition of computer knowledge or its appreciation by every operator through well tailored computer training programme at each stage of the modularised programmes that span over a period of 2 years of five (5) modules with field or plant attachment inclusive.

With the improved entry behaviours, we have assumed that they, would- be operators, should have covered basic electrical engineering principles and technology and this has greatly helped us to come out with this new syllabus. We do not suggest finality on this proposal but a lot of mental energy has been exerted into this programme for the very good of NEPA for the now and for the future generations.

SYSTEM OPERATIONS

MODULE I COURSE CONTENTS:

Course Title:

Module I

Duration:

Three (3) weeks

For whom:

Electrical operation in training

Education qualification:OND/ND electrical

Course objectives: At the end of Module I, the trainees shall be able to:-

Identify major components of NEPA power system and their basic functions.

Identify operating forms, their designations and uses.

Identify basic protection guarantees and operating tag in use in NEPA.

Use the available communication media available to them effectively.

Appreciate operations action during system disturbances.

Magnetism and Electromagnetism 1.1 -The origin of natural magnets

1.2 -The nature of magnets

1.3 -The magnetic field about a magnet

1.4 -The magnetic lines of flux

1.5 -Magnetic field of a solenoid

1.6 -Force on a current carrying conductor

1.6aForce determination.

1.7 -Electromagnetic Induction

1.8 -Direction of induced e.m.f

1.9 -Magnitude of the induced e.m.f.

Generation of E.M.F2.1 -Alternating current systems

2.2 -Generation of an alternating e.m.f

2.3 -Wavenform terms and definitions

2.4 -Relationship between frequency, speed and poles

2.5 -Average and r.m.s. values of an a.c

2.6 -Addition and subtraction of sinusoidal alternating quantities.

Telephone and Radio Techniques3.1 -The basic of good telephone practice

3.2 -The voice on the radio and telephone

3.3 -Phonetic Alphabet and pronunciation of (numbers)

Operations Actions during disturbances 4.1 -Likely problem clinics

4.2 -Discussion

4.3 -Operations actions and restoration.

4.4 -NEPA power system and power system personnel - (New).

Conductors and insulations5.1 -The Electrical conditions in conductors

5.2 -The relative merits of conductors

5.3 -Types of conductors

5.4 -Current carrying capacities

5.5 -Insulation described

5.6 -The purpose of insulators

5.7 -The materials used for insulator

5.8 -The types of insulators used for distribution, sub-transmission and transmission circuits.

6.0 -Components of Electric power system

6.1 -A description of power generation

-Hydro Generation Nuclear

-Thermal Generation Steam-Solar etc

Gas6.2 -A description of transmission equipment.

6.3 -An illustration of a typical three phase NEPA power circuit.

7.0 -Series and parallel circuits containing R.

7.1 -A study of the Relation of current, voltage and resistance in a series at circuit.

7.2 -Series circuit calculation problems

7.3 -A definition of shorts and opens.

7.4An explanation of series resistors in voltmeters.

7.5 -Resistance in parallel

7.6 -Vector representation of resistances in parallel.

7.7 -Problems related to parallel circuits.

8.0 -Operators duties and working conditions discussions.

9.0 -Series parallel circuits containing resistance only.

9.1 -Characteristics of the series parallel circuit.

9.2 -How to calculate the value in a series parallel at circuit.

9.3 -Kirchhoffs voltage and current laws.

10.0 -Storage battery.

10.1 -Importance of station battery

10.2 -Theory of battery

10.3 -Construction of batteries

10.4 -Battery installations.

11.0 -Components of a Control Room

11.1 -Control panels (Bench/Board)

11.2 -Relay panels

11.3 -AC & DC fuse panels

11.4 -Rectifiers and battery charging equipment

11.5 -Communication or telic panels.

12.0 -Grounding

12.1 -Purposes of grounding

12.2 -System of grounding and equipment grounding

12.3 -Charged bodies and equi-potentialization.

13.0 -Inductance and inductive reactance.

13.1 -Characteristics of inductance and inductive reactance.

13.2 -Effects of inductance in an alternating current circuit.

13.3 -Vector representation of voltage and current relationship.

14.0 -Capacitance and capacitive reactance

14.1 -Voltage and current relationship in a capacitive cct.

14.2 -Capacitors and capacitance

14.3 -Effects of capacitance in A.C. circuits

14.4 -Vector representation of current and voltage in a capacitive cct.

14.5 -Effects of capacitive reactance

14.6 -Series resonance /resonant condition

15.0 -A.C. parallel at circuit containing R, XL, X XC.

15.1 -Voltage and current relationship in an a.c. with resistance and capacitance in parallel.

15.2 -Voltage and current relationship in an Ac at containing R, XL and XC in parallel.

15.3 -Parallel resonance/resonant conditions

16.0 -Power and Energy

16.1 -Power and Energy

16.2 -Relation between power units.

17.0 -Introduction to computer (New)

SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Course Title:

Module II

Duration:

Three (3) weeks

For whom:


Education qualification:OND/ND Electrical/Electronics and must have passed Module I course.

Course objectives: At the end of Module II, the trainee will be able to:

Identify Hyrdo Dams, classification, components and power house equipment.

Understanding simple voltage generation, Star and Delta connections and make simple calculations.

Appreciate basic operating principles of the transformer.

Understand the use of protection guarantees O.F.I (Application for P.G).

Identify Hydraulic turbine components and their functions.

Define responsibilities of operators, applicants, master stations and assisting stations.

To appreciate the use of computers in analysing the power systems.

COURSE CONTENTS:

MODULE II1.0 -Dam classification, component and associated

equipment.

1.1 -Dams concepts

1.2 -Headworks

1.3 -Penstock and scroll cases

1.4 -Discharge flow characteristics.

2.0 -Single phase power and power factor

2.1 -Active and reactive power in a.c. circuits

2.2Power factor

2.3Calculating power in a c circuit.

3.0 Three phase voltage generation.

3.1 -Why three phase systems are used

3.2 -How three phase is generated.

4.0 Three phase systems star and Delta connection.

4.1 -Current and voltage relationship in the star connected

system.

4.2 -Vector representation in star connection.

4.3 -Current and voltage relationship in a delta.

4.4 -Vector representation of the Delta system.

5.0 -Hydraulic Theory

5.1 -Explanation of the hydraulic theory

5.2 -Liquid at rest

5.3 -Pressure measurement

5.4 -Liquids in motion

5.5 -Flow measurement

6.0 -Alternating current power measurement

6.1 -Active, reactive and apparent power in 3 phase

systems.

6.2 -The measurement of active and reactive power in 3 phase systems.

7.0 -Transformer basic operating principles.

7.1 -Basic Transformer principles

7.2 -Current Relationships transformer capacity.

7.3 -Polarity and terminal markings

7.4 -Ratio and tap changing

7.5 Transformer impedance load sharing.

8.0 - Meter reading and principles of operations.

8.1 -Reading meter and guage

8.2 - Principles of operation

8.3 -Voltmeter and ammeters.

9.0 -Ohmmeter, frequency meters.

9.1 -Principles of operation of the ohmmeter.

9.2 -Frequency meter and working principles.

9.3 -Thermocouples principles and measurement.

9.4 -Potentiometers and operating principles.

10.0 -Transformer classification and voltage regulation.

10.1 -Transformer classifications and types

10.2 -Voltage and current regulations.

10.3 -Instrument transformers voltage /current.

10.4 -Grounding transformers etc.

11.0 -Operating Forms

11.1 -Of 1, 2, 3, DNO Tag of 6, 7, 8, OF10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 56, 53, 100, 105A, 105B.

12.0 -Protection code application for P.G

12.1 -To explain the section of the standard protection code dealing with the application for the protection guarantee.

13.0 -Safety rules 100 series

13.1 -General Draft rules 100 120 for all employees.

14.0 -Hydraulic Turbine component and performance.

14.1 -Speed ring

14.2 -Turbine gates

14.3 -Turbine bearings

14.4 -Turbine pit inspection

14.5 -Runners

14.6 -Turbine performance

14.7 -Turbine venting

14.8 -Cavitation

14.9 -Draft tubes.

15.0 -Protection code and responsibilities of operators.

15.1 -To explain the section of the s.p.c. dealing with responsibility of operators.

15.2 -Responsibility of applicants.

15.3 -Responsibility of master stations

15.4 -Responsibility of assisting stations.

16.0 -Rotating Electrical machines

16.1 -Motor protection and controls

16.2 - Speed Regulation.

16.3 -AC & DC Generators and motors.

17.0 -D.C. Generators

17.1 -D.C. Generators Electrical components and application.

17.2 -D.C. Generators control of voltage.

18.0 -Director current motors and control.

18.1 -Application of D.C. motors

18.2 -Construction of D.C. motors

18.3 -Theory of D.C. motor operation

18.4 -Starting D.C. motors

18.5 -Speed control

18.6 -Power losses in D.C. motors

18.7 -Checks and inspection.

19.0 -Hydraulic Turbine Governor

19.1 -The principles components

19.2 -Pressure medium supply

19.3 -Valve arrangement

19.4 -Servo motors.


20.1 -Operating rules for station work practice.

21.0 -Computer appreciation

21.1 - (New)

Lab work on D.C. Generation

MethodologyBy lecture in the classroom, use of Audio Visuals Aids and by Practical work in the lab.

SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Course Title:

Module III

Duration:

Three (3) weeks

For whom:


Education qualification:OND/ND Electrical /Electronics and must have passed Module I & II course.

Course objectives:At the end of the course the Trainee will be able to:-

Appreciate the essence of water control and meteorology.

Determine duties and responsibilities of the station system operations.

Appreciate factors affecting stability.

Prepare, check and make affective protection guarantee certificates.

Determine the function, principle of operation and control of circuit breakers.

Know the safety for all employees engaged in construction, operations and maintenance.

Identify components and accessories of power transformers.

Determine procedure for surrender of protection guarantees and releasing apparatus for service.

Explain the function of electrical and mechanical interlock.

Explain computer programme via packages.

Course contents: Water control and metrology

Protection code 3: operators plan for protection of workmen following receipt of formal request O.F.I.

Protection guarantee practice : O.F.1, OF2, 3, 4, 14 and 17.

Station operation I: Duties and Responsibilities of NCC/ Area controls/distribution dispatch centres.

Station operation of: Equipment, Routine operation and problems at generating and transformer station.

Air switches

System operation I: Organisation and facilities.

Circuit opening Devices.

System operation 2: Factors affecting system stability.

Procedure associated with major equipment outage or system disturbance.

Introduction to circuit breakers.

Protection code 4: Preparation and checking effectiveness of protection guarantees. And procedure under work and test permits.

Principles of cct. Breaker control.

Safety rules 200 series for all employees engaged in construction, operation and maintenance.

Protection guarantee practice :OF1, 2, 3, 4, 14, 17.

Transformer 3: Components and accessories.

Fuses: Classification, types and application.

Switches General

Circuit breakers 1.

Operating forms

Discussion on any new system equipment.

COURSE CONTENT:

MODULE III1.0 -Water control (and meteorology)

1.1 -Water Harvest

1.2 -Water discharges

1.3 -Flow measurement and losses.

2.0 -Protection code 3:

2.1 -Consideration following acceptance of an OF1

2.2 -Requirement of protection guarantee

2.3 -Objects of isolation

2.4 -Security of isolation.

3.0 -Protection code 4.

3.1 -The preparation and checking of protection guarantees.

3.2 -The making effective of protection guarantees.

3.3 -The procedure under operating form O.F 14.

4.0 -Air switches

4.1 -To describe the different types of air switches

4.2 -To explain the operation of air switches

4.3 -To explain the method and ability of air switches to interrupt arc.

5.0 -Circuit Breakers (Introduction)

5.1 -Requirement for cct. Breaker

5.2 -Types of cctr. Breakers

5.3 -Application of various types of cct. Breakers.

6.0 -Transformer

6.1 -Principles of operation

6.2 -Design

6.3 -Insulation and cooling medium

6.4 -Load tap changing

6.5 -Loss evaluation and calculation.

7.0 -Transformer II

7.1 -Categories of transformers

7.2 -Voltage regulation.

8.0 -Transformer III

8.1 -Component and accessories

8.2 -Electrical and magnetic cct.

8.3 -Off load tap changing

8.4 -Insulation and cooling.

9.0 -cct. Breaker I

9.1 -Arc formation and control.

10.0 -cct. Breaker II

10.1 -Ratings and Terminologies

10.2 -Use of pallet switches.

11. 0 -Computer Applications New

12.0 -Operating Diagrams

12.1 -Purpose

12.2 -Making up of operating diagrams

12.3 -Explanation of nomenclature on drawings.

12.4 -Station Blue Print.

13.0 -Transformer 4

13.1 -Types and classification

13.2 -Losses

13.3 -Regulation and efficiency.


14.1 -200 series 1- end.

15.0 -Interlocks

15.1 -Electrical

15.2 -Mechanical

15.3 -Applications

16.0 -Computer training

16.1 -Introduction to Hardware/Software.

Methodology By lecture in the classroom, use of Audio Visual Aids, and by practical work in the lab.

MethodologyBy lecture in the classroom, use of Audio Visual Aids, and by practical work in the lab.

SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Course Title:

Module IV

Duration:

Three (3) weeks

For whom:


Education qualification:OND/ND and must have passed

Module 1, 2, 3.


Read operating diagrams and determine standard symbols for control circuits.

Determine simple basics of protective relay schemes.

Understand basic operating principles of relays.

Appreciate the operating principles of power line carrier.

Understand basics of electric motor control.

Identify and know the function of A.C. Generator components.

Determine procedure for synchronizing.

Application of general safety rules and other rules for construction, operation and maintenance employees.

Explain computer programmes via packages.

COURSE CONTENT:

MODULE IV1.0 -Operating diagrams

1.1 -Purpose and make up of operating diagrams

1.2 -Explanation of nomenclature on drawings

2.0 -Standard symbols for control circuits

2.1 -One line diagram symbols.

2.2 -Static power convectors

2.3 -Current and voltage transformers

2.4 Other symbols.

3.0 -Elementary control circuits

3.1 -To introduce some fundamental concept of control.

4.0 -Relay operating principles and philosophy.

4.1 -Philosophy and purpose of protective Relay.

4.2 -Components of protective Relays

4.3 -Basic requirement of good Relay scheme

4.4 -Zone protection

4.5 -Device numbers and nomenclature

4.6 -Different protection schemes.

4.7 -Fault detectors and failures of Relays.

5.0 -Metal Rectifiers

5.1 -To describe copper oxide and selenium rectifiers

5.2 -To briefly study germanium and silicon rectifiers.

5.3 -To describe half wave and full wave rectification.


6.1 -100 series 1 120

7.0 -Relays - current, voltage etc.

7.1 -To describe the principles of operation.

7.2 -Simple applications.

8.0 -Power line Carrier

8.1 -Principles of operation

-Coupling capacitors

-Line Traps

-Tuning Devices

-Methods of coupling

8.2-Carrier communications

-Modulation systems

-Calling systems

-Single - frequency manual simplex system.

-Audio Hybrid unit.

9.0 -Telemetering

9.1 -Methods and application systems

10.0 -Electric motor controls

10.1 -Application of D.C. motor

10.2 -Speed controls

10.3 -Construction and operating principles

10.4 -Application of A.C. motor

10.5 -Construction and operating principles.

11.0 -Current capacities

11.1 -Factors affecting current carrying capacities.

12.0 -Safety Rules for all employees

12.1 -200 series

13.0 -A.C. Generators

13.1 -Synchronous A.C Generatormechanical description.

13.2 -Synchronous A.C. Generator Excitation

13.2 -Synchronous A.C. operations.

14.0 -Voltage Regulations

14.1 -Reasons for close voltage regulation

14.2 -Types of voltage regulators.

14.3 -Operation of voltage Regulators.

15.0 -Synchronizing

15.1 -Why accurate synchronizing is necessary

15.2 -Methods of synchronizing.

15.3 -Possible synchroscope indication.

16.0 -Auxiliary equipment (New)

7.0 -Advanced hardware/software computer course New.

Methodology:By classroom lecturers, using visual Aids demonstration in the laboratory.

SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Course Title:

Module V

Duration:

Three (3) weeks

For whom:


Education qualification:ND/OND and must have passed

Module 1, 2, 3 and 4 courses.


Understand transformer and line connection.

Report outages and relay operations effectively.

Appreciate A.C./D.C. Motor controls.

Appreciate line constructions.

Plan and execute programmed outages.

Appreciate power components and their dispatch.

Identify line faults and roles of lighting arresters.

Follows correctly all the procedures from application for P.G. to restoration of equipment to service.

Understand compressed air systems.

Understanding the workings of battery charging equipments, fuse coordination and temperature measurements of electrical equipments.

Appreciate data base programme.

COURSE CONTENT:

1. Transformer and line connection.

Power system transformers

Parallel single phase transformer

Paralleling three phase transformer

Delta connected windings.

Star connected winding.

Distribution station transformer connections.

2. Relay outage reporting

-Discussion.

3. D.C motors and control

Construction of D C motors

Theory of D C motor operation

Starting D C motors

Speed control.

4. A.C. motors and control

Induction motors

Synchronous motors

Starting A C motors.

5. Protection Code I

Review

6. Protection Code II

Review

7. Battery charging equipment

Introduction

Battery charger

Operator responsibility

8. Auxiliary Relays

Functions

Principles of operation.

9. Protection code III

Review

10.Protection code - IV

-Review

11.Outages

-Forced /emergency

-Scheduled

-Jurisdiction

-Definition of system.

12.Auto Reclosing

-Line faults

-Distribution system reclosing

-Low tension feeder reclosing

-High Tension system reclosing.

13.Interpretation of fault location and chart reading.

-Fault locator.

-Chart reading.

14.Forced outages

-Operators action.

15.Safety Rules (100 series)

-Review

16.Reactive dispatching

-Production of VAR

-Absorption of VAR

-Uses etc.

17.Frequency and load control

-Frequency control

-Load control.

18.D.C. Ground indicators.

-Ungrounded DC System

-Effect of DC Ground on Relay and control cct.

-Effect of D.C. Ground on field circuit of synchronous machine.

-DC ground indicators.

-Field ground relays.

19.Temperature measurement

-Heat and Heat measurement

-Why measure temperature

-Expansion thermometry

-Resistance thermometry

-Thermoelectricity

-Indicating and recording instrument.

20.Drying out and Acceptance tests

-Transformer and Generators.

-Drying out transformer

-Transformer Acceptance tests

-Drying out Generator windings

-Generator Acceptance Test.

21.Introduction to software and Hardware.

22.Lighting arresters and rod caps

-The theory of lighting

-The equipment used to centre the effect of lighting sky wires, arresters.

23.Line construction.

-Commonly used insulators

-Methods of giving, poles and steel tower structures.

Methodology 2Lighting Arresters classroom, use of audio visual aids, by

practical work in the lab.

COURSE TITLE: SENIOR ELECTRICAL OPERATIONS

REVIEW SEORDURATION:

2 WEEKS

TARGET AUDIENCE:NOT BELOW OFFICER 1

OBJECTIVES:At the end of the training session, the

participants will be able to:-

-ACQUAINT WITH THE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT.

-FORECAST SYSTEM LOADS

-DISCUSS SYSTEM CONTROL METHODS

-APPRECIATE OPERATIONAL DUTIES AT VARIOUS LEVELS.

-USE COMPUTERS FOR SYSTEM INFORMATION GATHERING.

REFRESH ON SAFETY RULE PRACTICES.

-REVIEW SYSTEM PROTECTION.

CONTENTS:(1)NEPA SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL.

-EXISTING CIRCUIT

-ADDITIONAL CIRCUIT UNDER CONSTRUCTION

- ADDITIONAL CIRCUIT ON FUTURE PROPOSAL.

(2)SYSTEM LOAD FORECASTING

-AVAILABLE MACHINE CAPACITY

- INSTALLED

- MACHINE LIMITATION FACTORS (FUELS AND

FAILURES)

PRESENT DEMAND TRENDS

DEMAND/AVAILABILITY GROWTHS.

IMMEDIATE DEMAND FORECAST

SPINNING RESERVE

LONG TERM FORECAST.

(3)HYDROLOGICAL DATA FOR GENERATION FORECAST

PRECIPITATION AND RAIN FORECASTS.

RAIN HARVEST AND MEASUREMENT

LOSSES AND AVAILABILITY FORECAST.

(4)POWER SYSTEM VAR CONTROL

SYSTEM ELEMENTS (R.L.C)

SYSTEM VAR SOURCES AND EFFECTS

SYSTEM VAR CONTROL AND POWER FACTOR.

(5)VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY CONTROL

EFFECTS OF ABNORMAL VOLTAGE/FREQUENCY

CONTROL METRHODS.

(6)NCC AND AREA OPERATIONS

ROLL OF NCC/SNCC AND CONSTRAINTS

ROLE OF AREA/STATION OPERATORS

LIMITATION OF AREA/STATION OPERATIONS.

(7)SYSTEM PROTECTIVE RELAYING

RELAY COMPONENTS

BASIC OPERATING PRINCIPLES

RELAY SCHEME

TYPES AND APPLICATION

(8)SYSTEMS TRENDS/NEW EQUIPMENT

GENERAL DISCUSSION.

(9)ROLE OF COMPUTERS IN SYSTEM OPERATIONS FOR SYSTEM OPERATION INFORMATION GATHERING FOR CONTROL PURPOSES.

(10)TEAM BUILDING IN SYSTEM OPERATIONS WORK

WHO ARE THE TEAM MEMBERS

INTERDEPENCE AMONG TEAM MEMBERS

IMPORTANCE OF TEAM WORK.

(11)STANDARD PROTECTION CODE AND SAFETY RULES REVIEW

RULES 100 SERIES

RULES 200 SERIES

RULES 300 SERIES

RULES 800 SERIES

SPC 2000 2045

DISTRIBUTION SUBTATION ELECTRICAL OPERATORS SULLABUS1.Course Title:

DSO 1/T Module I.

Duration:

Three weeks.

For whom:

District substation, electrical

Operators - training.

Educational Qualification: OND, ND (ELECT)

Course Objectives: At the end of the training

course participants should be able to:

i. Discuss NEPA system and how question transmission and distribution relate.

ii. Explain simple basic electrical circuits and perform related circuit problems.

iii. Use communication media available to them effectively.

Films -How to make ccts

-Fundamentals of A.C. and D.C. generations.

Methodology By lecture in the classroom, use of Audio/visual Aids, and by practical work in the laboratory.

Course Content /Syllabus DSO Module 11.NEPA History & Personnel

-How electricity industry started in Nigeria.

-ECN and NDA

-Merger of ECN and NDA

-Members of Technical Board

-Organisational Structure of NEPA

2.Components of Electrical Power System

-Generation

Hydro

- Thermal

- Solar etc

-Transmission

- Control Room

- Switch Yard

-Distribution System.

3.Electron theory

-Atoms

- Protons

- Neutrons

- Elements

4.Conductor and Insulators

- Electron theory of conductor and insulators

-Types of conductors and insulator

-Good and bad conductors

- Current carrying capacities.

5.Storage battery

-Importance of station battery

-Theory of battery

-Construction of batteries

-Battery installation.

6.D.C. Circuit with resistances.

-Series connection

-Parallel connection

-Series /parallel circuits

-Calculations of V.I. and R using alums law.

7.Magnetism

-The origin of natural magnet

-The nature of magnet

-The magnetic field about a magnet.

8.Electromagnetism

-Principles of electromagnetism

-Determining the direction and magnitude of magnetic flux around conductor and coils.

- Practical use of electromagnetism.

9.Generation of EMF

-Principles of electrical generation

-Principles of the A.C. generator

-D.C. generators

-Basic construction of a generator.

10.A.C. Principles Part 1

-The use of A.C. in power systems.

-The generation of A.C. in power system.

-Calculation of speed in RPM, frequency in cps and no of poles or no of pairs using the formular

F = rps x p or rpm x p

2 60 2

11.Introduction to measuring instruments.

-Introduction

-Moving iron meters

-Moving coil meter

-Types of meters.

12.Telephone and Radio techniques.

-The basis of Good telephone and radio practice.

-The voice on the telephone and radio.

-Receiving a call

-Phonetic Alphabet

-Pronunciation of numbers.

14.Introduction of standard protection code

-Definitions of terminologies

-Use of various operating forms

-Use of various DNO tags.

Laboratory work based on

-Series /parallel ccts.

-A.C principles

Films - How to make a cct.

- Fundamentals of A.C. and D.C. generation.

MethodologyBy lecture in the classroom, use of audio visual aids and by practical work in the lab.

2.Course Title:

DSO 1/T Module II.

Duration:

Three weeks.

For whom:

District substation, electrical

Operators - in - training.


Course Objectives:

At the end of the training

programme the course

participants should be able to

i. Explain all the basic electrical theories as they relate to their work in NEPA.

ii. Identify specific equipment their functions and operating principles.

iii. Identify various forms of operating tage and operating forms.

Films - Safety with Electricity

-Dont take chances.

MethodologyBy lecture in the classroom, use of Audio/ DSO- i/t Module II syllabus.

1.Inductance and inductive reactance

-Characteristics of inductance and inductive reactance.

-Effect of inductance in A.C cct.

-Vector representation of V and I relationship.

2.Capacitance and capacitive reactance

-Capacitor and capacitance

-Effect of capacitance in A.C. cct.

-Vector representation of I and V in a capacitive cct.

-Effect of capacitive reactance.

3.A.C. Parallel cct containing R, L and C.

-Voltage and current relationship in an A.C. circuit with r, and C.

-Voltage and current relationship in an A.C. cct with r, L and C in parallel.

-Parallel resonance.

4.A.C. series cct with R., L and C.

-Relationship between I and V in a series cct. Containing R, L and C.

-Series resonance

- Calculation of Z (impedance)

5. Single phase power and power factor

Active and Reactive power in a.c. cct.

Power factor.

Calculation of power in a.c cct.

6. Three phases voltage generation

Why three phase systems are used

How three phase power is generated.

7. Three phase systems (Star connection)

I and V relationships in Wye connection

Vector representation in this connection.

8. Three phase system (Delta connection).

I and V relationships in delta connection.

Vector representation in this connection.

9. A.C. power and measurement.

Active, reactive and apparent power in 3 phase system.

Measurement of active and reactive power in 3 phase systems.

Wattmeters - types

- construction

- principles of operation.

10.Transformer - part I

Basic principles.

Current relationships

Capacity

Polarity and Terminal markings

Ratio and Tap changing

Transfomer impedance load sharing.

11.Transformer part II

-Categories of transformers

-Voltage regulation

12.Transformer III

-Component and accessories

-Electrical and magnetic cct.

-Off load tap changing

-Insulation and cooling

13.Protection guarantee I

-Application for P.G

14.Protection guarantee II

-Responsibilities.

15.Circuit opening devices

-Fuses

-Isolators

-Circuit Breakers.

16.Switches

-General types

-Constructions

17.Introduction circuit Breakers.

-Requirement for circuit breaker

-Types of circuit Breakers

-Application of various types of C.B.

18.Circuit Breaker I

-Arc formation and control.

19.Circuit Breaker II

-Ratings

-Use of pallet switches.

20.Protection guarantee III

-Consideration following acceptance of an OF 1

-Requirements of protection guarantee.

-Object of isolation

-Security of isolation.

21.Protection guarantee IV

-Preparation and checking of P.G

-Making effective of P.G

-Procedure under OF 14.

22.Computer training applications.

METHODOLOGYBy Lecture in the classroom, use of audio/visual aids, and by practical work in the laboratory.

3.Course Title: DSO 1/T Module III.

Duration:Three weeks.

For whom: District Substation, Electrical Operator-In-Training


Course Objectives: At the end of the training Programme course participants will be able to:

i. Discuss effectively on station equipment.

ii. Describe the importance, functions and operating principles of a protective relays.

iii. Explain the station operations.

DSO i/t Module III Syllabus

1.Operating Diagrams

-Purpose

-Make up of operating diagram

-Explanation of nomenclature on drawings

-Station blue prints.

2.Symbols for control ccts.

-Control drawing

-Common symbols for electrical diagrams

-Typical control diagrams.

3.Electromagnets in control ccts.

-Features

-Purpose and function

-Principles of operation

-Application.

4.Elementary control cct.

-Introduction and definition

-Fundamental concept of control ccts.

5.Relays- Basic principles

-Definition of electrical relay.

-Basic principles of protective relaying

-Types of relays and relay scheme

-Failure of protective scheme.

6.Relays (current, voltage etc)


-Simple application

-Current voltage, directional relays etcx

7.Principles of cct Breaker control

-Why is control of circuit breaker necessary.

-cct. Breaker control circuit

-cct. Breaker control circuit

-Closing control cct.

-Anti- pump

-Trip Free.

8.Current carrying capacities

-Factors affecting current carrying capacities.

9.Station operation

-Duties and responsibilities

-Distribution operation.

10.Schedule outage

-Defining the system

-Jurisdiction

-Outage planning

-Outage request.

11.Safety rules

-800 series

12.Interlocks

-Electrical

-Mechanical

13.Protection Guarantee practice

-OF 1

-OF 2

-OF 3

-OF 4

-OF 14

14.Grounding

-Ability of the earth to absorb electric charges, lighting currents, fault current .

-Chanced bodies

-Purpose of grounding

-grounding of equipment and structures.

-Grounding of lines and apparatus.

15.Fire safety

-Fire prevention

-Fire protection

-Fire fighting

16.First Aid

-Definition

-Treatment of wounds

-Artificial respiration.

17.Computer training

-Introduction

-Components/ Functions

-Terminologies /language.

MethodologyBy lectures in the classroom, sue of Audio/visuals aids and by practical work in the laboratory.

4.Course Title: DSO 1/T Module IV (FINAL)

Duration: Four weeks.

For whom: District substation, electrical Operators -in training.

Educational Qualification: OND, ND (ELECTRICAL)

Course Objectives: At the end of the training Programme course participants will be able to:

i. Discuss effectively power outages and emergencies.

ii. Perform switching effectively in the control room and switch yard.

iii. Carryout out all formalities relating to protection guarantees.

iv. Monitor the Battery charging equipment.

v. Use the on load tap changer facilities.

vi. Perform his duties and functions as District substation electrical operators.

MethodologyBy lecture in the classroom, use of Audio visual aids, case study.

DSO 1/t Module IV (FINAL)

1.Transformer and line connection

-Power system transformers

-Paralleling single phase transformer.

-Paralleling 3 phase transformer

-Delta connected winding.

-Star connected winding.

-Distribution station transformer connections.

2.A.C. power and measurement

-Active power, reactive power and apparent in 3 phase systems.

-Measure of active power and reactive power 3 phase system.

-Power factor.

3.Rotating machines part I

-A.C. Generators Electrical component and application.

-Large Alternators

-Voltage control.

-D.C. Generators

-Electrical Components

-Control of voltage

-Voltage regulation.

4.Rotating machines part II

-A.C. Motors -Induction motors

-Synchronous motors

-Starting

-Speed control

-D.C. motors-Construction

-Theory of DC motors

-Starting

-Speed control

-Application.

5.Temperature measurement

-Theory of heat and heat measurement

-Why measure temperature

-Measuring instruments

-Thermoelectricity

6.Battery charing equipment

-Introduction

-Battery charges

-Operator responsibility.

7.Safety rules (800 series)

8.Protection guarantees review.

-Operating forms

-DNO tags

-Standard protection Code

-Safety rules.

9.Automatic Reclosing

-Line faults

-Distribution system reclosing

-Low tension feeder reclosing

-Tension system reclosing

10.Lightening Arrester and Rod Gaps

-Theory of lighting

-Sky wires

-Lighting arresters & Types .

-Principles of operation of lighting arresters.

-Purpose.

11.Line faults.

-Natural (Weather)

-Manmade

12.Protection guarantee (practice) review

-OF 1

-OF 2

-OF 3

-OF 4

13.Problem Clinic (Discussion)

-Power outages and emergencies

-Relationship with the Department and customers

-New equipment

-General.

Methodology

By lecture in classroom use of audio-visual aids and by practical work in the lab.

TITLE:SENIOR DSO REVIEWDURATION:QUALIFIED DSOS NOT BELOW OFFICER IV RANKOBJECTIVE: At the end of the training period, the participants should be able to:-

-Process and effect safe working condition for workmen;

-Enforce safety rules at work place.

-Practice fire fighting

-Appreciate the roles of NCC/Regional system operators

-Interprete protective relay operations.

-Prepare dependable station reports.

-Acquaint with Area Network development .

COURSE CONTENT:

(1)Network protection relaying

-Relay operating principles

-Relay components

-Relaying terms

-Types and application.

(2)Area Network development

-Existing Network

-Upcoming extension/new equipment.

-Need for Network upgrading.

(3)Standard protection code/safety rules review

-SPC 2000 - 2045

-Rules 100 series

-Rules 200 series

-Rules 300 series

-Rules 800 series.

(4)Computer Appreciate

(5)Safety at work place

-Good House keeping

-Types of fire

-Demonstration/Fire fighting

-Safety inspection /tour

(6)SUBSTATION WORK

-Routine inspection and remedial actions

-Report writing

-Equipment switching precaution

(7) Transformers - General

-Components

-Tap changing

-Line/Bus connection

-Buchdz Gas /Bleeding

-Cooling

(8)Circuit Breakers

-Indoor type

-Outdoor

-Operational precaution

(9)Isolators

-Types

-Operational precaution

(10)Management training

-Developing leadership skill

(11)Firs Aid

-Wounds Treatment


SAFETY MANAGEMENT COURSE FOR DISTRIBUTION STAFFCOURSE TITLE: SMC (Safety Mgt. Course)

DURATION: Two weeks

FOR WHOM: Officer 4, to officer 1 in Construction, operation and maintenance of electrical equipment.

QUALIFICATION:WASC, OND, NCE (Tech) card G final.

USER DEPT:

Distribution and marketing

COURSE OBJECTIVES:At the end of the training programme participants will be able to:

(i) Identify causes of minor and major accident.

(ii) Carry out adequate operations to prevent accident.

(iii) Use the overall safety devices and appliances provided.

(iv) Follow strictly procedures for guidance against errors, mistake and blunder.

(v) Apply all rules and procedure for general human and equipment safety.

Course Content /Syllabus (1)Station Operation.

-Station blue print

-Station equipment and functions

-Method of switching

-Identification of hazards in operation.

(2)Transformers

-Definition


-Classification

-Types

-Efficiency and loses

-Cooling.

(3)Introduction to SPC

-Definition


-Use of various DNO tags

(4)Safety rules

-100 series general rules

-200 series tools, equipment care

-300 series

-800 series operating work practice.

(5)Introduction to circuit Breakers

-Types of cct. Breaker

-Requirement to cct. Breaker

-Application for various types of C.B.

(6)Circuit opening devices

-Fuses

-Isolators

-Circuit Breakers

(7)Protection Guarantee I

-Application

(8)Protection Guarantee II

-Responsibilities

(9)Fire Safety

-Fire prevention

-Fire Protection

-Fire fighting

(10)Protection Guarantee III

-Action plan following receipt of OF 1

-Preparation for issuance of OF 2, OF 3, OF4.

(11)First Aid



(12)Causes of Accidents

-Unsafe Act

-Unsafe condition

(13)Safety management

-Introduction

-Safety environments

-Safety obligation

(4)Battery

-Care of battery

-Important of battery

-Constituencies of loss of DC supply on a station.

(15)Outages

-Types forced, scheduled and emergency

-Definition of system

-Jurisdiction

(16)Protection Guarantee IV

-Preparation and checking of P.G

-Making effective of P.G

(17)Protection Guarantee V

-Surrender of protection - Guarantee

-Releasing apparatus for service

-Issuance and surrender of P.G. in special and

exceptional cases.

(18)Switches

-Types

-Application

MethodologyBy lecture in the classroom, and use of Audio visual aids.

MODULE ONE

SYSTEM ELECTRICAL OPERATIONS ENGINEERS IN- TRAINING . TRAINING SYLLABUS(1)COURSE TITLE:SEO (Engr) Module I

DURATION:

Three weeks

FOR WHOM: System Electrical operations Engineers in training.

QUALIFICATION:B.Sc. B. Eng, HND


i. Identify major components of NEPA power system and their functions.

ii. Explain and perform the duties of system operators.

iii. Discuss general rules applicable to all employees of the NEPA system.

iv. Carry out cares and inspection of station battery.

v. Perform simple electrical calculation.

Course Content/Syllabus(1)Introduction to power system components

-Generation - Hyrdo power

Station - Thermal power

- Solar power

-Transmission - 330/132KV lines

Station

- cct. Breaker

-Disconnect

-Switches

-Distribution -33/11/KV

Station

-network

-415 KV

Service lines

(2)Conductors and Insulators

-Electrical (Atomic) conditions in conductors and insulators.

-Nature of conductors and insulators

-Types

-Current carrying capacities.

(3)Telephone and Radio techniques

-The basis of Good telephone practice

-The voice on the radio and telephone

-Phonetic Alphabet and pronunciation of number.

(4)Safety Rules (100 series)

-Employee knowledge of the rules

-Personal conduct

-General Precaution etc.

(5)Station tour

-Power House

-Control Room

-Switch yard

(6)D.C. Supply

-Battery charging equipment

-Care and inspection.

(7)Circuit Elements and calculations

-Inductance

-Resistance

-Inductive Reactance

-Capacitive Reactance

-Impedance

-Resonance.

(8)System Disturbance

-Definition

-Operator action

-Restoration.

(9)Grounding

-Introduction

-System Grounding

-Solidly grounded systems

-Reactance grounded system

-Lightening, protection grounding

-Connection to earth.

(10)Dams -Introduction

-Classification

-Component parts

-Uses/Applications.

(11)3 phase voltage generation

-Introduction

-Why three phase systems are used

-How three phase power is generated.

(12)3 phase connection

-Star connected system

-Delta connected system

-Star Delta.

(13)A.C. power measurement

-Introduction to measurement

-Watt meter design, construction

-Principles of operation and calibration.

(14)Protection Guarantee I

-Introduction to standard protection code


-Use of various DNO tags.

(15)Fire and Safety

-Fire protection

-Fire prevention

-Fire fighting

(16)First Aid

-Definition



(17)Safety management

-Introduction

-Protection of life

-Adequate equipment, tools and clothing.

-Safety obligation.

(18)Transformer I

-Elementary theory

-Design

-Insulation

-Cooling

-Load tap changing

-Loss evaluation and calculation

(19)Power system communication

-The importance of communication in power systems.

-Basic principles of communication e.g simplex , half duplex and full duplex.

-Communication media e.g. Pilot wires, power line carrier, microwave/radio, optic fibre and VSAT.

(20)Computer Appreciation

-Introduction to computers

-Component identification and functions.

-CPU, monitor, keyboard etc.

-ROM, RAM etc.

MethodologyBy lecture in the classroom, use of audio visual aids and practical work in the laboratory.

MODULE TWO

(2)COURSE TITLE:SEO (Engr) Module II

DURATION:

Three weeks

FOR WHOM: System Electrical operations Engineers in training.

QUALIFICATION:B.Sc. B. Eng, HND


(i) Identify and explain causes of system collapse and carryout restoration processes.

(ii) Perform the duties and responsibilities of operators in relation to safety.

(iii) Perform switching in the hi yard.

(iv) Coordinate the station activities with National control centre.

(v) Analyse the working principle of protective relays.

Course content/ syllabus(1)Water control and meteorology

-Water Harvest

-Water discharges.

-Flow measurement and losses.

(2)System Operations I

-Duties and responsibilities of the operator

-

of the Area control

- of the SNCC Shiroro

-

of the NCC - Oshogbo

(3)Safety rules (200 series)

-Rules for staff engaged in construction maintenance and operation of electrical equipment.

(4)Rotating machines

-A.C. machines

-D.C machines

(5)Turbine

-Hydraulic turbine

-Thermal turbine

(6)Transformer II

-Classification

-Types

-Capacity of transformer

-Duty of transformer

(7)Protection Guarantee 1, 2 and 3,

-Application for prof. guarantee

-Responsibilities

-Action plan following receipt of OF 1, OF 4

-Preparation for issuance of OF 2, OF 3, OF4.

(8)Circuit opening devices

-Fuses

-Isolators

-Circuit breakers

(9)Interlocks.

-Mechanical interlock

-Electrical interlocks

-Applications.

(10)Relays

-Basic principles

-Operating principles

-Relay terminologies

-Relay functions and requirements

(11)Relaying protection schemes

-Transformers protection

-Generator Protection

-Bus Bar

-Lines etc.

(12)Station Oper

manual review2.doc

Documents

protection control

basic system protection

protection equipments

zones of protection

generator protection

power system analysis

system metering

relaying protection