manifest destiny - wilkes-barre area school district 132.pdfmanifest destiny • belief by americans...
TRANSCRIPT
Manifest DestinyChapter 13
Mountain Men
• Rough and tough men who braved the wilderness to trap and capture furs, animals, etc
• First Americans to move beyond the Rocky Mountains
Western Land
• Americans believed it was their right to take the land from the Native Americans
Land Speculators
• Bought huge pieces of land in the hope it would increase in value and make them rich
• If land went up in value they sold some to people moving west and made huge profits
Santa Fe Trail
• Trail from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico
• 800 miles long
• Founded by William Becknell and he continues to find safer routes along the trail
Oregon Trail
• From Missouri to Oregon
• Missionaries were the first to use this trail
• 2000 miles long
Mormon Trail
• Mormons moved west for religious freedom
• Founded by Joseph Smith
• Made enemies among non Mormons b/c of their policy of polygamy or having more than one wife
• 1844, after Joseph Smith was murdered, Brigham Young moved his people west to Utah
• Built Salt Lake City, Utah
Texas Settlement
• 1821 Mexico gets independence from Spain
• Texas is allowed to have Americans move there and create a colony if they agree to become Mexican citizens and Catholic
• Stephen F. Austin negotiates this
• Between 1821 and 1830, population of Texas grew from 300-25,000
• By 1830, Americans outnumbered Tejanos (people of Spanish heritage) 6 to 1
Problems grow in Texas
• Americans in Texas grew angry that laws were written in Spanish and didn’t like some Mexican laws
• Mexico outlawed slavery in 1829, which angered more Americans in Texas (Austin negotiated for Americans to keep slavery)
• Mexicans cracked down on the Americans out of fear of a revolution• More Mexican soldiers in TX, taxes for first time, no more Americans can move to TX
Texas Revolution
• 1833, Austin goes to negotiate with Mexicans for more freedoms for Texas
• President Santa Anna finds out that Austin wrote a letter saying if demands weren’t met, Texas would break away from Mexico (Austin was put in jail for a year)
• 1835, Mexican soldiers fight Texans in Gonzales for the first time• Tried to capture a Texas cannon that had sign on it, “Come and Take it!”
The Alamo (Feb 1836)
• March 1836, Texas declares its independence
• Sam Houston is put in charge of the Texas Army (about 600 men)
• 183 men were stationed at the Alamo
• Led by William Travis and James Bowie and Davey Crocket
• Mexican army had 6000 men at the Alamo led by Santa Anna
• Battle for the Alamo took 13 days
• 1000 Mexicans were killed and 176 of the Texans (the survivors were executed)
• Juan Seguin, a Tejano member of the Texas Army was lone survivor of the Alamo
• He was sent with a letter from Travis to Sam Houston during the battle and by the time he returned, the Alamo was in flames and everyone dead
Battle of Goliad
• 300-400 Texan soldiers based her
• Santa Anna and the Mexican army kill 300 Texans who were captured
• Helped anger Texans and more joined the army
Battle of San Jacinto (April 1836)
• Houston and Texas army surprise and surround Santa Anna and Mexican Army
• Soldiers yell, “Remember the Alamo” “Remember Goliad”
• Lasted only 18 minutes
• Half the Mexican army was killed
• Santa Anna was captured and forced to sign a treaty ending the war and giving Texas its independence
Republic of Texas
• Sam Houston was its first president
• Nicknamed the “Lone Star Republic”
• 1836, they asked to become part of US but Congress said no • Didn’t want war with Mexico and didn’t want fight over if it’s a slave state
James Polk
• James Polk elected president in 1844 and he wanted to add Texas and Oregon to USA
• Slogan was “54 40 or fight!”-map designates for borders of Oregon
• 1846, he negotiates a split of the Oregon territory with British at 49th parallel (todays border with Canada)
• Offered Mexico $30 million for Texas, New Mexico, and California (Mexico said no)
Manifest Destiny
• Belief by Americans that it was our destiny to expand the US across the continent from ocean to ocean
Texas becomes a state
• 1845, Texas became a state (slavery legal there)
• Mexico still viewed Texas as their property
• Texas and Mexico could not agree of what the border between them was
War with Mexico
• President Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to station his 3500 men on the disputed border with Mexico at the Rio Grand River
• April 1846, Mexico crosses border and kills an American patrol
• May 1846, US army invades Mexico
• US easily captures and controls New Mexico and California
• Battle of Buena Vista, Santa Anna’s Mexican army (15,000) vs American Army (4800)- US wins and controls Northern Mexico
• General Winfield Scott (US) captures Mexico City in Sept 1847 and the war ends
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
• Officially ends the war with Mexico
• Set Rio Grande River as border with Mexico, set Texas as a part of the USA, gave up land that was ½ size of Mexico
California Gold Rush
• 49ers-went to CA looking for gold, starting in 1849
• Gold discovered by James Marshall
• Thousands (250,000) moved to CA in search of fortune (gold rush)
• 10% of those coming to CA were Chinese in 1851
• Very dangerous routes to get to CA for the gold seekers
CA becomes a state
• CA admitted as a state in 1850
• No slavery in CA
• Passed tax for anyone not American who wanted to mine gold• Forced many into cities and out of mining
• Chinese owned so many businesses in San Francisco at the time that it became known as Chinatown
• 1845-1850, San Francisco population grew from 400-35,000 b/c of its use as a port city
• CA admission as a free state tipped balance to more free states than slave states which causes a lot of fear and conflict
Gadsden Purchase (1854)
• Last major addition to USA (lower 48 states)
• Bought land from Mexico