managing time and space
TRANSCRIPT
1. “IPDE”Identify – use a visual search pattern to
gather information about the roadway ahead.
Predict – Use your knowledge and experience to predict the actions of others and the environment.
Decide – If you need to change or maintain direction and speed, or communicate.
Execute – Your chosen actions.
VISUAL SEARCH PATTERNSVISUAL SEARCH PATTERNS
Peripheral Vision
Central Vision Focus Vision
THE THREE VISUAL FIELDSTHE THREE VISUAL FIELDS
Rural or High Speed Search Patterns
20 to 30 Second
Search Area
12 to 15 Second
Search far ahead to identify potential conflicts• Objects in Path and Areas of Limited Visibility
• Limitations to Path of Travel and Line of Sight
Control Area
2. SMITH SYSTEMAim High in steering to allow more time for driver responseKeep your eyes moving to search for hazards and vehicle movement around the vehicleGet the big picture of where your vehicle is located in time and spaceMake sure others see you by using appropriate communication, lane position, and visibility Leave yourself an out to reduce risk of collision from the front, sides or rear
Aim High : TargetingAim High : Targeting
A “Target” is a fixed object in the center of the path you intend to drive
What is the target in the driver’s path of travel?
DETERMINING FOLLOWING INTERVALSDETERMINING FOLLOWING INTERVALS
A 3 second following interval should provide enough time to avoid a problem if you are monitoring the actions of drivers 8 to 12 seconds ahead in your path of travel. In most cases, you’d still have to steer towards an “escape path”, so 3 seconds is MINIMUM!
3 second interval8 – 12 second interval
Control Space to the Rear
Check rear view mirror: After seeing a zone change Before and after braking While stopped Before and after making turns Before and after a lane change
Check blind spots
Traffic Controls
Motor Vehicles
Non-Motorized Users
Highway
Visual Search CategoriesVisual Search Categories
Highway ConditionsHighway ConditionsWidth Curbing Curves Slopes
Roughness Slick Wet Leaves Mud Sand
Shoulders Affixed Objects Adjacent Buildings
Illumination Glare Precipitation Wind/Noise
Sensory Input to the Brain
Highway
Roadway Structure
Roadway Surface
Roadway Features
Atmosphere
Intersection
IDENTIFYING VEHICLES IDENTIFYING VEHICLES TYPESTYPES
Sensory Input to the Brain
CAMPER, PICK-UP, MOTOR HOMES, MOTORCYCLES, FARM MACHINES, OFF-ROAD SNOWMOBILES
MotorVehicles
Road Handling Characteristics
Type
Identifying Non-Motorized UsersIdentifying Non-Motorized Users
NON-MOTORIZED USERS
KIND AND SIZE NUMBERS AGE OF RIDER ACTIVITY RIDER ABILITY
In-Line Skates, Skateboards
Animals
Sensory Input to the Brain
Pedestrians
Bicycles
SENSORY INPUT TO THE BRAIN
Sensory Input to the Brain
TRAFFICTRAFFICCONTROLSCONTROLS
RegulatoryWarning Guide
Stop/Go Lane Turning FlashesPassing
Crosswalk Stop line
Signs
Signals
Roadway Markings
Unmarked Intersections
Interchanges
Traffic ControlsTraffic Controls
INTERSECTION SEARCH PATTERNSINTERSECTION SEARCH PATTERNSIntersection Approach Check open areas, then
closed areas to front
Check to the rear
Communicate as necessary
Check areas adjacent to path of travel
Check sightlines left and right
Adjust speed and/or position as appropriate
Open Open
ClosedClosed Open
Open
LINE OF SIGHT THROUGH LEFT CURVELINE OF SIGHT THROUGH LEFT CURVE
Establish Line of Sight and Projected Path of Travel
Check to the Rear Adjust Position for Maximum View of
Oncoming Traffic Establish Target Area for Path of
Travel Adjust Speed and Position to Conditions
LINE OF SIGHT OVER HILLLINE OF SIGHT OVER HILL
• Sightline limitations are similar to a curve
• Adjust speed and vehicle position to the right or outside of lane
What’s this car NOT What’s this car NOT doing correctly?doing correctly?
Front RightFront Right
Front LeftFront Left
Front CenterFront Center
Rear RightRear Right
Rear CenterRear Center
Rear LeftRear Left
Be aware of these six “zones” around your Be aware of these six “zones” around your vehicle and make note if they are “open” vehicle and make note if they are “open” (nothing is there) or “closed” (something (nothing is there) or “closed” (something is there). is there).
MAXIMIZE LANE USE
Use the lane position that gives you the best line of sight and path of travel. This diagram is based upon an average 12 foot wide lane.
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54
1
3
Lane Positions #4 and 5Lane Positions #4 and 5Lane positions 4 and 5 – straddling the line to avoid a problem
5
4
ANSWER: REFERENCE POINTS
This driver is using her This driver is using her left side mirror, lined left side mirror, lined up with the first up with the first crosswalk line, to help crosswalk line, to help her know that the front her know that the front of her car is stopped of her car is stopped just before the just before the crosswalk!crosswalk!
MORE REFERENCE POINTS
This driver can use the right strap holding his canoe on as a reference point. This driver can use the right strap holding his canoe on as a reference point. As long as it lined up with the solid white line, his car is in the middle of his As long as it lined up with the solid white line, his car is in the middle of his lane.lane.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE
You could use the windshield sticker to help keep the car about 3’ from the left edge of this lane.
You could also use the little bump in between the wipers to keep the car about 3’ from the right edge of the lane.