ManagingSpottedWingDrosophila,DrosophilaSuzukiiMatsumara,InRaspberry.

FemaleSWD

Biology

• PresenceofSWDinNYSinSeptember2011(L.McDermott)

• Overwinteringhabitatandsurvivalstillunknown.o Possibilitiesofsmallpocketsof

SWDinurbancomposto Verylowsurvivalinstudies

(Loeb)• SWDoccupiesarelativelynon-

competitiveniche• Abletopenetrateandoviposit

intoun-ripenedfruitusingahighlyscleratinized&serratedovipositor.

• Optimaldevelopmentisat65-70oF,~12daygenerationtime.

• Adultflieslivefor3-6weeks,andfemalescanlayover300eggs.

• Limitedbyhighheatinsummerandbywintercold.But,SWDpopulationsarefoundincoldregionsofJapan.

• 3-10generationsinNY

FruitathighestriskfromSWD• Raspberries• Blackberries•

• Strawberries• Blueberries• Nectarines

• HoneysuckleL.tartaricaisa

primaryhostforSWD;fruitfavoredoverraspberryinJune.MigrationtofruitinJuly.

https://www.eddmaps.org/swd/

https://blogs.cornell.edu/jentsch

/small-fruit/

SWDManagemento Raspberry&Blackberry:

3-4dayintervalso Cherry:4-7do Blueberry:7do Strawberry:4-7dGranularsugarat2lbs./100gal.willincreaseattractivenessofinsecticide(Assail30SG)Weatheringwillsignificantlyreduceefficacyofinsecticideresidue.ExcellentsanitationwillreduceSWDpopulations.Canopyandwatermanagementwillmaketheenvironmentlessfavorable.InsecticidesprayswillkillSWDadultsandtherebyreduceegglaying.Coolinfestedberriesimmediatelyafterharvest.

Respiratory‘horns’in

raspberryfruit

DevelopingaBehaviorallyBasedAttractandKillSystemforSWD

• Colorimportant;blackandredroutinelyoutperformedother

colors.

• Asphericalshape:sizegreaterthan2.5cmacceptable.• BaitsenhanceSWDcapture

• SWDinfestationinraspberriesreducedby50%whenspherewithsugarandbaitincagedstudies.Sprayedfruit+AtKincombinationmosteffectiveinmanagingSWDcomparedtoeitheraloneunderhighpressure.

• SucroseimprovesinsecticideactivityagainstDrosophilasuzukiiJ.Econ.Entomol.1–14.DOI:10.1093/jee/tou100.

• AddingYeastswithSugarincreasesefficacy• Increasedattractivenessofbaitusingbreadyeast,

Saccharomycescerevisiae

• ExceedstheattractivenessofcommercialproductsGF-120®and

Nu-Lure®,

• Additionofthesugar-yeastbaittoEntrustincreasedflymortality

4-foldinearly-seasonbioassayswithgreenandyellowcherries,

reducingeggslaidandlarvalinfestationsby50%

HVRLStudies:Highestefficacyandreducedcostofbaitsincluded

• 25%RedRaspberryConcentrate

• 75%AppleCiderVinegar

• Brewersyeast:Saccharomycescerevisiae• BoricacidcomparabletoSpinosadasatoxicanttoreduceegg

lyinginfruit

• Moistdisksmoreefficaciousthendrydisks

ATKConstruction

• 3”substratewovenpolypropylenenettingasabase

• SuperAbsorbentPolymer(SAP)

• Gelatin

• Redraspberryconcentrate

• Applecidervinegar

• Brewersyeast

• 1%A.I.employingBoricAcid(OMRI)

• AtKsolutionappliedat2mL/disk

o CommerciallyavailabletrapsandluresbyScentry

andTreceeffectivelycaptureSWDadultsforusein

determiningpresenceinandoutsideofthecrop.

o Fruitcanbeinspectedforevidenceofegglayingand

larvalfeeding.Smallholesinberriesmadebythe

larvaemayleakjuicewhentheberryisgently

squeezed;thisisespeciallydiagnosticonblueberry.

Eggsareplacedbeneaththesurfacebutthe

respiratorytubescanbeseenwithmagnification

ObjectivesforSWDExclusionSystem

1 ReduceSWDinfestationtoraspberry 2 ReduceoreliminatechemicalinputsforSWDcontrol 3 ProvideeasyentryandpleasingenvironmentforPYOsmallfruitaccess4 ReduceweedandgrassusinglandscapemattoreduceSWDpupalsurvival 5 Designstructuretomaintainlowinitialcostsusinghightensilewire 6 Designadynamicstructuretowithstandwindconditions 7 Incorporatebumblebeepollinationforincreasedfruitset 8 ProvideoptimumuseofAttractandKilltoenhanceSWDmanagement9 AllowforbiologicalcontrolofSWDpupa(optimizerelativehumidity(B.bassiana) 10 ReducedBirdFeeding11Provideevacuationforbirdsatopenends