ManagingSpottedWingDrosophila,DrosophilaSuzukiiMatsumara,InRaspberry.
FemaleSWD
Biology
• PresenceofSWDinNYSinSeptember2011(L.McDermott)
• Overwinteringhabitatandsurvivalstillunknown.o Possibilitiesofsmallpocketsof
SWDinurbancomposto Verylowsurvivalinstudies
(Loeb)• SWDoccupiesarelativelynon-
competitiveniche• Abletopenetrateandoviposit
intoun-ripenedfruitusingahighlyscleratinized&serratedovipositor.
• Optimaldevelopmentisat65-70oF,~12daygenerationtime.
• Adultflieslivefor3-6weeks,andfemalescanlayover300eggs.
• Limitedbyhighheatinsummerandbywintercold.But,SWDpopulationsarefoundincoldregionsofJapan.
• 3-10generationsinNY
FruitathighestriskfromSWD• Raspberries• Blackberries•
• Strawberries• Blueberries• Nectarines
• HoneysuckleL.tartaricaisa
primaryhostforSWD;fruitfavoredoverraspberryinJune.MigrationtofruitinJuly.
https://www.eddmaps.org/swd/
https://blogs.cornell.edu/jentsch
/small-fruit/
SWDManagemento Raspberry&Blackberry:
3-4dayintervalso Cherry:4-7do Blueberry:7do Strawberry:4-7dGranularsugarat2lbs./100gal.willincreaseattractivenessofinsecticide(Assail30SG)Weatheringwillsignificantlyreduceefficacyofinsecticideresidue.ExcellentsanitationwillreduceSWDpopulations.Canopyandwatermanagementwillmaketheenvironmentlessfavorable.InsecticidesprayswillkillSWDadultsandtherebyreduceegglaying.Coolinfestedberriesimmediatelyafterharvest.
Respiratory‘horns’in
raspberryfruit
DevelopingaBehaviorallyBasedAttractandKillSystemforSWD
• Colorimportant;blackandredroutinelyoutperformedother
colors.
• Asphericalshape:sizegreaterthan2.5cmacceptable.• BaitsenhanceSWDcapture
• SWDinfestationinraspberriesreducedby50%whenspherewithsugarandbaitincagedstudies.Sprayedfruit+AtKincombinationmosteffectiveinmanagingSWDcomparedtoeitheraloneunderhighpressure.
• SucroseimprovesinsecticideactivityagainstDrosophilasuzukiiJ.Econ.Entomol.1–14.DOI:10.1093/jee/tou100.
• AddingYeastswithSugarincreasesefficacy• Increasedattractivenessofbaitusingbreadyeast,
Saccharomycescerevisiae
• ExceedstheattractivenessofcommercialproductsGF-120®and
Nu-Lure®,
• Additionofthesugar-yeastbaittoEntrustincreasedflymortality
4-foldinearly-seasonbioassayswithgreenandyellowcherries,
reducingeggslaidandlarvalinfestationsby50%
HVRLStudies:Highestefficacyandreducedcostofbaitsincluded
• 25%RedRaspberryConcentrate
• 75%AppleCiderVinegar
• Brewersyeast:Saccharomycescerevisiae• BoricacidcomparabletoSpinosadasatoxicanttoreduceegg
lyinginfruit
• Moistdisksmoreefficaciousthendrydisks
ATKConstruction
• 3”substratewovenpolypropylenenettingasabase
• SuperAbsorbentPolymer(SAP)
• Gelatin
• Redraspberryconcentrate
• Applecidervinegar
• Brewersyeast
• 1%A.I.employingBoricAcid(OMRI)
• AtKsolutionappliedat2mL/disk
o CommerciallyavailabletrapsandluresbyScentry
andTreceeffectivelycaptureSWDadultsforusein
determiningpresenceinandoutsideofthecrop.
o Fruitcanbeinspectedforevidenceofegglayingand
larvalfeeding.Smallholesinberriesmadebythe
larvaemayleakjuicewhentheberryisgently
squeezed;thisisespeciallydiagnosticonblueberry.
Eggsareplacedbeneaththesurfacebutthe
respiratorytubescanbeseenwithmagnification
ObjectivesforSWDExclusionSystem
1 ReduceSWDinfestationtoraspberry 2 ReduceoreliminatechemicalinputsforSWDcontrol 3 ProvideeasyentryandpleasingenvironmentforPYOsmallfruitaccess4 ReduceweedandgrassusinglandscapemattoreduceSWDpupalsurvival 5 Designstructuretomaintainlowinitialcostsusinghightensilewire 6 Designadynamicstructuretowithstandwindconditions 7 Incorporatebumblebeepollinationforincreasedfruitset 8 ProvideoptimumuseofAttractandKilltoenhanceSWDmanagement9 AllowforbiologicalcontrolofSWDpupa(optimizerelativehumidity(B.bassiana) 10 ReducedBirdFeeding11Provideevacuationforbirdsatopenends