management of decommissioning projects nis / november 2012
TRANSCRIPT
Management of
Decommissioning Projects
NIS / November 2012
Economic Decommissioning considering Laws and Rules
without Impact on Environment and Life
Decommissioning Management
NIS November 2012
Decommissioning Management
Cheapest Techniques ?Shortest Duration ?Smallest Waste
Amount ?
Smallest Occupational
Exposure ?
What is Economy in Decommissioning ?
NIS November 2012
POLITICS
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
POLICYCOMPANY POLICY
STAFF
PLANT
CHARACTERISTICS
EXPERIENCES
Effects on Decommissioning
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Decommissioning Management
Conditions Plant Type History of the Plant Space for new Installations on Site Plant Staff available External Companies and Experts available Waste Management Facilities available Waste Storage Facilities available Final Repository Conditions
Decommissioning Management
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Decisions to be Made Decommissioning Variant Kind of License Procedure Several Aspects, i.e.:
Use of External Companies Full System Decontamination Waste Management on Site Sequence of Dismantling Work
Termination of the Project / State of the Plant
Decommissioning Management
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What is the Way to Manage such
Decommissioning Projects
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
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Initial Planning andCost Calculation
Shutdown
Strategic PlanningDetailed Budget
DecommissioningLiabilities
Preliminary Decommissioning Plan
Decommissioning Plan ProjectPlan
Decommissioning Management
• Tax and Commercial Laws obligate the accumulation of Financial Liabilities
• At the beginning of a dismantling project a basic Initial Planning and Cost Calculation is performed
• During dismantling all needed measures are planned in detail for Budget Definition purposes
• The Strategic Planning supports decision making processes
Three main issues given depending on the actual status of a plant
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What is necessary for a (Preliminary) Decommissioning Plan
Decommissioning Management
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Analysis of Masses
Scheduling
Work Breakdown Structure
Calculation of Costs
Decommissioning Management
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The Work Breakdown Structure is one of the central item of the Project
– What are the needs for planning and cost calculation, real cost management, project controlling, time scheduling
– How is the WBS organised
Decommissioning Management
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Work Breakdown Structure
Project Breakdown Time- and Cost Schedule
Bids
PhasesTasks Steps
Calculation
AimsMilestones
Budgets
Cost Calculation
Decommissioning Management
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Controlling
Budgets Real Values on Cost and Time
Time Schedule
Controlling
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
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Project Structure
MainDatabase
Inventory ofMasses and
Radioactivity
StrategicPlanning,
Calculation
P3e / MS-ProjectTime Schedule
Database
Database forDocumentation
of Radwaste
Internal Control System DatabaseInternal Orders
Inventory
Documentationof Radwaste
SAP DatabaseRegistration of
Actual Costs
Account vs.Corporate Group
and Public
Overall Time Schedule
Reporting Procedure,
Budget
Controlling
Ressources
Decommissioning Management
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Work Orders
LocalitiesCost Types
Organisation
Work OrientedProject Structure Plan
HierarchyLevel 6
HierarchyLevel 5
1
2
Level 3
HierarchyLevel 4
SAP
Development of the Project Structure
Work Breakdown Structure:
Organisation of the project in a suitable structure
Main Structure
Parallel, additional Structures
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
Evaluated byDecommissioning Tasks Total (€)
1- Operation2- Dismantling3- Waste Management
Evaluated byDecommissioning Phases Total (€)
1- Post Operational Phase2- Dismantling Phase3- Conventional Demolition
Work Breakdown Structure Total (€)
Mass Analysis
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Decommissioning Management
• Basis for the Planning Work• Capacity Calculation• Dose Rates, Activity Balances• Cost Calculation • Documentation
Decommissioning Management
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Secondary Mass
Mass of the Consumables needed for the Decommissioning Work,
e.g. tools, clothes, liquids Tertiary Mass
Mass of the additional Equipment, shielding, cranes, steel-girder constructions
Primary Mass
Existing Mass of the Components and the Equipment in the Beginning
of the Decommissioning Work
Primary Mass
Controlled Area Supervised Area Other Area
All Components and Facilities in the Controlled Area
All Facilities especially Installed for the Decommissioning Work
Concrete Rubble from the Nuclear Dismantling Work
Concrete Rubble from theDecontamination of Building Structures
All Components and Facilities in the Supervised Area
All Facilities especially Installed for the
Decommissioning Work
Concrete Rubble from theDismantling of Buildings in the
Supervised Area
All Components and Facilities in the Other Area
All Components and Facilities Without Contact to Radioactivity
Out side Facilities, Streets,Fences
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
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(*) All Material from Buildings during the nuclear Dismantling
ContainmentBiolocal Shild 1.120 MgConcrete (*) 9.530 MgReactor Pool 4.000 MgFuel Storage Pool 4.400 MgShielding Material 670 Mg
ReactorbuildingConcrete(*) 500 MgShielding Material 300 Mg
Auxiliary BuildingConcrete(*) 3.800 MgShielding Material 500 Mg
+ Concrete Surfaces 530 Mg
+ Concrete Surfaces 440 Mg
Supervised Area + Concrete Surfaces 150 Mg
Building Decontamination
Decommissioning Management
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Final Shut Down
Activation
In-Situ decontamination
Removal of Spent Fuel and Operational Waste
3 x 1019 Bq
2,6 x 1017 Bq
2,6 x 1017 Bq
Inner Contamination Outer Contamination1 x 1013 Bq 1 x 109 Bq
Decay Decontamination
UB: 8 x 1016 Bq
SB: 1,5 x 1016 Bq
UB: 3 x 1010 Bq
SB: 1 x 109 Bq
UB: 1 x 108 Bq
SB: 2 x 107 Bq
ID = Immediate Dismantling => ca. 5 years decay LD = Later Dismantling => ca. 35 years decay
Radioactive Inventory
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
1.E+08
1.E+09
1.E+10
100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Radius [cm]
Max
. Sp
ecif
ic A
ctiv
ity
[Bq
/g]
(azi
mu
thal
ave
rag
e)
Co-60
Eu-152
Biological Shield
Insulation
Reactor Vessel
Cladding Reactor Vessel
Baffle Plates
Core Barrel
Thermal Shield
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Radioactive
Waste
Release
Reuse
Non Radioactive
Material
Radioactive
Material
No Approval
UnrestrictedRestricted
Repository ConventionalRecyclingCombustion
Nuclear Recycling
Decommissioning Management
Decommissioning Management
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Dismantling
Decontamination Further cutting / disassembling
Different packages for radioactive waste
Compaction /Super compaction
Radiological Measurements
EvaporationIncineration
FreeFree
Solidification / Packaging / Cementation
Released material
Conventional waste
Komponente
60% uneingeschränkte Freigabe
40% EndlagerEntsorgungsweg
30% Stahlkies
30% HD-WasserVerfahren
20% Typ VI Stahlblech 20% MosaikVerpackung
60% Freigabe40% + 10% Endlager Verbleib
Sekundärabfall 10%
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
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2.240Mg1.310 Mg
Melting
Einrichtungen 1.330 Mg 2.240 Mg
Betonstrukturen 2.600 Mg 2.600 Mg
Radioactive Waste
Sonstiges 660 Mg 690 Mg
Einrichtungen 28.480 Mg 4.700 Mg
Betonstrukturen 590.510 Mg 363.270 Mg
Non Radioactive Material
Einrichtungen 10.680 Mg 17.880 Mg
Betonstrukturen 23.340 Mg 23.400 Mg
Restricted Release
Sonstiges 80 Mg 90 Mg
Einrichtungen 1.360 Mg 2.230 Mg
Betonstrukturen 10.360 Mg 10.400 Mg
Release for Deposition
Sonstiges 80 Mg 90 Mg
Einrichtungen 9.320 Mg 15.650 Mg
Betonstrukturen 12.980 Mg 13.000 Mg
Unrestricted Release
Sonstiges - Mg - Mg
290 Mg270 Mg
Secondary Waste
Einrichtungen 13.320 Mg 22.360 Mg
Betonstrukturen 25.940 Mg 26.000 Mg
Radioactive Material
490 Mg470 Mg
Tertiary Waste
Einrichtungen 28.480 Mg 4.700 Mg
Betonstrukturen 590.510 Mg 363.270 Mg
Non Radioactive Material
Sonstiges 740 Mg 780 Mg
PWR BWR
Decommissioning Management
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Container Mass Packaged
No. of Container
Repository Volume
Steel Blade Typ II 1.240 Mg 240 1.110 m³
Steel Blade Typ III 450 Mg 50 450 m³
Steel Blade Typ IV 400 Mg 50 360 m³
Steel Blade Typ V 320 Mg 55 590 m³
Concrete Container 630 Mg 160 1.200 m³
Cast Iron Cask 180 Mg 640 850 m³
Total 3.220 Mg 1.195 4.560 m³
Decommissioning Management
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Conventional Building Rubble91,9%
Melting0,2%
Restricted Release1,8%
UnrestrictedRelease
5,4% Radioactive Waste
0,7%
Others8,1%
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
Sequence of Work / Time Schedule
End of Operation
Post Operational Phase
Dismantling
Conventional Dismantling
End of Nuclear Island
Decommissioning License
Planning & Licensing Preparation Dismantling
Fuel Removal
Decommissioning Management
NIS November 2012
Immediate Dismantling
Shut DownDecomLicense
Operation
Removal of Fuels
Dismantling non controlled area
Preparation Nuclear Dismantling
Dismantling controlled area
2 - 4 Years
3 - 5 Years
12 - 16 Years
Shut Down Systems
Decommissioning Management
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Deferred Dismantling
Shut Down
Shut Down Systems
LicenseSE
StartSafe Enclosure
Operation
Safe Enclosure Period
Removal of Fuels
Dismantling non controlled area
2 - 4 Years
3 - 5 Years
6 - 8 Years
Decommissioning of Systems
Preparation Safe Enclosure
Decommissioning Management
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Shielding
Buzz Saw
Turn Table
Shielded Transport Unit
Shielded Packaging
Unit
RepositoryContainer
Decommissioning Management
RepositoryContainer
Shielded Transport Unit
Shielded Packaging
Unit
Turn Table
Grit Plate
Manipulator
Cutting Tool
Packaging Drum
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Erection Fuel Storage Facility
Packaging Fuel; Storage in FSF
Shut down Systems not longer needed
In Situ Decontami- nation Primary Circuit
Cutting and Packaging of old Steam Generator
Dismantling Steam Generators; Transport to
Deco.-Building
Cutting and Packaging Steam Generators
Preparation for Dismantling RPV
Internals
Preparation Dismantling Biological Shield
Dismantling RPV Internals
Dismantling RPVPreparation for Dismantling RPV
Dismantling Components Controlled Area
Licensing Procedure
Dismantling Components Non-Controlled Area
Modification of Deco.-Building
Shut down Systems not longer needed
Preparation Dismantling Biological Shield
Modification Cutting Facilities
Dismantling Components Controlled Area
Dismantling Remaining Components
Controlled Area
Dismantling Remaining Components Non- Controlled Area
Decontamination Building Structures
Controlled Area
Infrastructural Modifications
ModificationVentilation System
Erection Mobile Packaging
Dismantling Components in Deco.-Building
Decontamination Deco.-Building
Removal Deco.-Building
Removal Building Structures
Site Recovery
Final Shut Down
D&D License approval
Planning and Licensing Fuel Storage Facility
Modification of Deco.-Building
Preparation Licensing Documents
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
Planning / Licensing
ProjectTasks
OperationalTasks
WasteManagement
Studies, ConceptsPlanning Work
ExpertisesLicensees
Fixed CostsOperational
CostTime Related Calculation
Mass RelatedCalculation
External CompaniesBids / ContractsInterfaces Staff
ConsumablesTools
EquipmentTime Schedule
Special Featuresin the
Calculation Work
Task
Decommissioning Management
NIS November 2012
Cost Calculation
Staff Costs
Consumables
Equipment costs
External Companies
Cost Categories
Repository and PackagesTransport
External costs
Special Costs
Manually
Time relatedMass related
Work related
Calculation Types
Decommissioning Management
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Calculation of Personnel Costs
man-hours
Calculation usingparameters andspecific factors
Free Calculation Internal personnelExternal personnel
man-hours hourly rate
local radiation level Radiation exposure
Personnel costs
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
Specific Factor for calculation
Calculation of Personnel Costs using Specific Factors
Related parameter man-hours
Mass
Surface
Plant Inventory
Decommissioning Management
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Basicspecificfactor
Surcharge for…
breathing protection
need for shielding
local situation, space limitations
use of scaffolds, lifting devices
others
Actual factor for calculation
Calculation of Personnel Costs using Specific Factors
Dec. Steel Bullets 5,82 €/kg - loose, outer Contamination, open Surface
HP-Water Jet 3,77 €/kg - loose, outer Contamination, open Surface
Chemical 11,10 €/kg - inner Contamination, defined Material
Electropolishing 13,90 €/kg - fixed, inner Contamination, conductive material
Melting 7,30 €/kg - Metall
Risk – is the Treatment working well ?
Decommissioning Management
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Contaminated Primary Circuit Ventilation Insulation Non-Contaminated
Steel GirderConstr.
Activated Biol. Shield Decontamination
Sp
ecifi
c P
rice
[ €
/ kg
]
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
DOE KWW KRB - A VAK HDR BR-3 THTR
Dis
man
tlin
g P
rod
uct
ivity
[ kg
/ M
ann
-h ]
Decommissioning Management
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0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
DOE KWW KRB - A VAK KKN THTR
Sur
face
Dec
onta
min
atio
n P
rodu
ctiv
ity [
m²
/ Man
n-h
]
NIS November 2012
Decommissioning Management
-
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
45.000
50.000
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038
Year
Yea
rly
Co
st (
Mio
€)
Today Cost
Real Interest Rate of 2%
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600N
um
ber
of
Sta
ff
Year
Personell Capacity NEK
Personell Capacity Slovenian Companies
Personell Capacity Europe Companies
Personnel Requirements
Staff on SiteLocal ContractorsForeign Contractors
Decommissioning Management
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
NPP Power [MWel]
To
tal C
ost
[M
io€]
B-DWR
I-DWR
I-SWR
CH-DWR
CH-SWR
D-DWR
D-SWR
Cost Comparison
Decommissioning Management
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Decommissioning Management
Impacts on Cost Estimation
Poor data basis
Approach for technical process
masses, radiological inventory, contamination level (compo-nents and buil-dings)
Idealised processes for cost estimations vs. real processes
Duration of licensing process
Duration and cost, license delay
Staff qualification
and labour cost
Distribution factors and waste
disposal
Major part of total project, exact estimation of numbers of workers, different source of employee salary and hourly rates
Theoretical mass distribution vs. real mass flow, simplified approach, forecast of quantity of radioactive waste
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Decommissioning Management
Change and growth of project scope
Changing strategies due to operator‘s decision; revised processes and technical approaches
Change of regulatory standards and laws Unforeseen problems Availability of a final
repository
Changing boundary conditions may enforce a strategy change.Safety related changes often require increasing safety efforts (e.g. radiation protection)
Impossible to take into account; can be compensated by contingency or risk surcharge
No final repository for medium and high-level radioactive waste and thus unknown repository fees; acceptance specifications for containers important for waste conditioning and packaging
Impacts on Cost Estimation
NIS November 2012
Decommissioning Management
How We Try to Avoid Cost Overruns
Yearly reviews of decommissioning cost estimations
Integration of experiences
in calculation models
Improvements and enhancements of the
Software
Decommissioning Management
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Starting with the beginning of the operation
Linear collection during operation of NPP
25 years collection period
Adaption to new conditions and price levels every year
Fund
1st Year
2nd Year
3rd Year
1/25
1/25
1/25
Current portion of the up-to-date total decommissioning cost
Surcharge to the provisions of previous years due to cost escalation
Funding Methodology Germany
Detailed planning Up-to-date Data Data update
Return afterCondension
Acquisition of actual data up-to-date Data updating commercial data
Actual Data
Analysis
Strategic Planning / Mid-Term Planning Periodically updated Data Updating Calculation
Frame Targets Planning Values
Project control Periodically updated Data Updating Calculation
Return afterAnalysis
Initial Planning singular action basic data
Financial Provisions annual action
1
2
3
Description next pages
4
Decommissioning Management
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Project in Progress
Objective StatusCost
Objective Status
Performance
SubjectiveStatus
Projectleader
Real - Progress
w = weighting xk + xl + xp = 100 %
w = xk (%) w = xl (%)
w = xp (%)
Decommissioning Management
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Controlling Process
Element 01.01 Element 01.02 Element 01.03
Relevance30%
Relevance10%
Relevance60%
Element 02.01 Element 02.02
Relevance70%
Relevance30%
Element 01 Element 02
Relevance75%
Relevance25%
Total ProjectProject RELEVANCE
Decommissioning Management
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Element 01.01 Element 01.02 Element 01.03
Relevance30%
Relevance10%
Relevance60%
Element 02.01 Element 02.02
Relevance70%
Relevance30%
Element 01 Element 02
Total Project
Progress15%
Progress44%
Progress3%
Progress90%
Progress100%
5% 4,4% 1,8%
Progress
11,2%
63% 30%
Progress
93%
+ + +
11,2% 0%+
11,2%
Project Progress
Relevance100%
Relevance0%
Decommissioning Management
NIS November 2012