lessons learned from nuclear decommissioning projects
TRANSCRIPT
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Lessons learned from nuclear decommissioning projects11 September 2012
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Studsvik in brief• Founded 1947
• A world wide supplier of nuclear services
• Development of the Swedishnuclear program
• Net sales €150M, 1,200 employees
• Offices in 7 countries - Major operation in Sweden, Germany, UK and USA
• Major products and services:
– Materials testing, hot cells
– Fuel and core software
– Engineering, consulting and maintenance services
– Waste Treatment and D&D
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Studsvik decommissioning experience
Participation in decommissioning of:
•BWR and PWR power plants
•Research reactors and other researchfacilites
•Fuel manufacturing plants
•Uranium mines and uranium extraction plants
•Military weapons facilities
Obrigheim high pressure turbine before dismantling
After dismantling
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Important general parameters in D&DSimilar to any large project
• Planning
• Experience, competence and understanding
• Structure and logistics, do things in the right order
• Effective and robust processes
• Close co-operation
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Some lessons learned from D&D• Plan for an early start – Plant knowledge will
disappear over time
• Implement waste led decommissioning.Waste is ~1/3 of total cost
• Characterize waste – Develop clear objectives
• A well structured categorization is a basis forgraded approach in clearance
• Off site waste treatmentsaves time and money
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Characterisation
Categorisation
Rip, Pack
and Ship
Waste
treatment
Radwaste
minimisation
Waste management – key stones
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Decommissioning waste management – the Studsvik concept
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Time is critical - Rip and Ship
On Site
Off Site
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Rip & Ship Concept
• Minimize calendar time for decommissioning (Increased efficiency and decreased cost)
• Remove decontaminated waste early in the process to a Centralized facility (Parallel operation, Storage if necessary)
• ”Transform” the nuclear site to a more standard demolition site (Easy access and operation, Increased safety)
• Maximize volume reduction and recycling (Best in class environmentally, Reduced final disposal)
• Ensure optimized packaging of waste for final disposal (Reduced volume for final disposal)
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Transport and handling
Two types of transports:
•In ISO freight containers (mainly loaded with boxes)
•Large components
Two major transport alternatives:
•Truck
•Ship
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Environmental aspectsMaximize waste volume reduction
• Direct free release + Reuse/recycling of material
• Decontamination and free release+ Recycling of valuable material
• Incineration+ Energy recovery
• Compacting and packing+ Minimize waste volume
for final repositoryAvoid/
Minimise ReuseRecycle
Energy recovery Dispose
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IncinerationDry combustible waste
• 97 % volume reduction
• 92 % weight reduction
• Ash – Stable end product
• Customer specific campaigns
Arrival inpection & sorting
Incinerator
Secondary waste ~ 3 %
Weight/Dosrate
Heat recovery
SecondaryWaste
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Volume reduction & recycling Containerized scrap metal
• Volume reduction and recycling• Steel, brass, copper, aluminium & lead• Decont. by blasting & melting
Sorting Segmentation
Blasting
Melting
Slag crushing
Free release> 95 %
Arrival inspection
A
B
C
SecondaryWaste
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Volume reduction & recycling Large Components (BWR)
Segmentation
Blasting
Melting
Crushing (slag)
Arrival inspection
SecondaryWaste
Ingots
Free release> 95 %
• Volume reduction and recycling• Segmentation• Decont. by blasting & melting
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Steam Generator Treatment Secondarywaste
Tube pullingBand saw
Blasting chamberTube blasting
Melting
Arrivalinspection
Separation of steam dome
Repository
SecondaryWaste Return
Free release~90 % volume~80% weight
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Studsvik waste management large components - examples
170t HX, NPP Oskarshamn (Swe)
Turbine componentsNPP Würgassen (Ger)
700t Turbine componentsNPP Ringhals (Swe)
300t Turbine componentsNPP Mühleberg (Ch)
1600t TurbinesNPP Forsmark (Swe)
8x88t HX, TVO (Fini)
9 x 310t Steam GeneratorsRinghals (Swe)
4 x 165t Steam GeneratorsNPP Stade (Ger)
5 x 300t BoilersBerkeley Magnox (UK)
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Experience can be developed and reducecost and time
Example from Studsvik SG treatment:
Year Processing time
2005 SG1 18 months
2006-7 SG 2-4 6-8 months
2008-10 SG 5-10 4-6 months
2011-12 SG 11- 3-4 months SG
’str
eate
dpe
r ye
ar
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Key areas for safe and low costdecomissioning
• Regulatory harmonization– Decomissioning– Waste treatment– Free release
• International cooperation
• Transparant planning
• Minimize waste
• Development of technologiesand facilities
• Standardization
• Best practices
• Capacity
• Resources
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Questions?
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