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Management : Functions, Processes, Thoughts.

Sagar Ajagaonkar(01). Samir Beloshe(02).Ujjal Bhandare(03). Vishal Bhosale(04).

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Management in businesses and organizations is the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives by using available resources efficiently and effectively.

What is Management..?

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To keep/maintain a track whether all the inputs are utilized wisely towards the organizational goals.

To inject creativity, discipline, and enthusiasm into areas in which they either don't exist or they're not necessarily wanted.

People who work for managers must realize that it is their job to make their managers value them.

Why Management..?

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Functions of Management..Plannin

g

Organizing

Leading

Controlling

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Planning..Anticipating the future Discovering alternative

courses that are open.Planning is an

ongoing step that can be highly specialized based on an organization's goals, division goals, departmental goals and team goals. It is up to the manager to recognize what goals need to be planned within their individual area.

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Organizing..Determining structure and allocations of jobs

• Identification and Division of Work.

• Departmentalization.

• Assignment of Duties.

• Establishing Reporting Relations.

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Leading..Working with and through people to accomplish Organizational

Goals.

Effective Leading requires the manager to motivate subordinates, communicate effectively, and effectively use power. 

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Controlling..Measuring current performance

Guiding it towards some predetermined goals.

Controlling consists of three steps, which include establishing performance standards, comparing actual performance against standards, and taking corrective action when necessary.

&

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Management Process..

Inputs Output

Management Process

•Men•Money•Materials•Machines•Methods•Market

Planning Leading Controlling

Organizing Motivating Staffing

Objectives

End Results

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Elements of Management Process1. Planning:-

Planning  means defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them.

Processes involved in Planning Phase:-• Evaluating environmental forces and organizational

resources

• Establishing a set of organizational goals

• Developing strategies and plans to achieve the stated goals

• Formulating a decision-making process

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Contd..2. Organizing:-

Organizing involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments, and the allocation of resources to departments

Processes involved in Organizing Phase:-• Developing the structure of the organization.

• Acquiring and training human resources.

• Establishing communication patterns and networks.

• Determining the method of grouping these activities and resources is the organizing process.

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Contd..3. Leading:-

Leading is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals.

Processes involved in Leading Phase:-• Motivating Employees.

• Influencing Employees.

• Forming Effective Groups.

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Contd..4. Controlling:-

Controlling means monitoring employee’s activities, determining whether the organization is on target toward its goals, and making correction as necessary.

Processes involved in Controlling Phase:-• Evaluating and rewarding employee performance.

• Controlling financial, informational, and physical resources.

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Contd..5. Communicating:-

Communication is necessary for the exchange of facts, opinions, ideas and information between individual’s and departments.

Processes involved in Communication Phase:-• Keeping Self-updated with all around him/her.

• Should be good listener and accurate broadcaster.

• Understanding Employees needs/wants.

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Contd..6. Coordinating:-

Coordination and integration of activities of different departments are essential for orderly working of an Organization.

Processes involved in Coordination Phase:-• Avoiding misdirection and wastages and brings unity of action

in the Organization.

• Acting as a middle-man between Top-Level Management & Employees.

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Management Thoughts..Management thought is an evolutionary concept.

The evolution of management thoughts can be studied in the following broad stages:-

1. The Classical Theory of Management (Classical Approach).

2. The Neo-classical theory of Management.

3. The Modern Theory of Management.

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Contd..1. The Classical Theory of Management:-

They are further sub-divided into 3 streams

Bureaucratic Management:-Bureaucratic Management relies on rules, a set of hierarchy and a clear division of labour and detailed procedures. This viewpoint is associated with Max Weber in year 1984. It prescribes 5 characteristics• System of Rules.• Impersonality.• Division of Labour.• Hierarchical Structure.• Rationality.

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Contd..1. The Classical Theory of Management:-

Scientific Management:-Scientific Management was led by F.W Taylor. It consists of four principles• Replacing the rule of thumb by Scientific

Method.• Selection, Training to develop the workman.• Division of Work as per skill set.• Cooperation between Management and

Workers.

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Contd..1. The Classical Theory of Management:-

Administrative Management:- It was led by Henry Fayol. It consists of 14 principles as follows:-

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Contd..2. Neo-classical Theory of Management:- The theory

emphasizes individual or group behavior & human relations in determining the productivity. It is further divided into 2 parts.

• Human Relations Approach –I. Improvement in classical concepts without

rejection.II. Workers are not machines & managers should

recognize them as social beings and treat them accordingly.

III. This approach tried to overcome the drawbacks of Classical Management.

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Contd..2. Neo-classical Theory of Management:-.

• Behavioral Sciences Approach –

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Contd..3. Modern Theory of Management:-

• Quantitative Approach – These includes the application of statistics, optimization models, information models and computer simulations.

Branches of these approach are as follows.• Management Science.• Operations Management.• MIS.

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Contd..3. Modern Theory of Management:-

• Systems Approach to Management – It is also called as continual process thought

towards management

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Contd..3. Modern Theory of Management:-

• Contingency Approach to Management – It is the modern thought towards management.

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