mamoru taniguchi, professor, tsukuba university …€¦ · greater london new york beijing train...
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Railway network of Tokyo metropolitan area (1960)
5
Source: Mohri, Morio: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Change for 50 years and Future Vision ~Change and Future of Metroplis according to the Date~.(2014)
6 Railway network of Tokyo metropolitan area (2010)
Source: Mohri, Morio: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Change for 50 years and Future Vision ~Change and Future of Metroplis according to the Date~.(2014)
48
30
12
12
3
22
15
10
21
14
32
23
15
30
39
21
12
23
40
33
20
11
6
4
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Tokyo
Seoul
GreaterLondon
New York
Beijing
Train Bus Bicycle Walk Car Others[%]
Mode of transporta5on in world ci5es 8
Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(2013)
Transporta5on share of trips in Tokyo metropolitan area
24,8
22,8
25,1
25,5
29,7
17,0
24,4
27,5
32,9
28,0
5,7
12,9
14,8
14,6
14,1
43,1
33,9
27,0
22,5
21,5
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1968
1978
1988
1998
2008
Train Bus Car Motorcycle Bicycle Walk Others
(%)
12
Source: Mohri, Morio: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Change for 50 years and Future Vision ~Change and Future of Metroplis according to the Date~.(2014)
Transporta5on mode of trips to Tokyo city area
63,9
69,4
72,5
73,9
78,8
9,7
11,0
10,1
8,7
4,3
3,7
5,2
6,4
7,7
7,4
13,8
9,6
6,0
5,8
5,2
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1968
1978
1988
1998
2008
Train Bus/Tram Car Motorcycle Bicycle Walk Others
(%)
14
Source: Mohri, Morio: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Change for 50 years and Future Vision ~Change and Future of Metroplis according to the Date~.(2014)
Transporta5on share of trips in Tokyo metropolitan area
24,8
22,8
25,1
25,5
29,7
17,0
24,4
27,5
32,9
28,0
5,7
12,9
14,8
14,6
14,1
43,1
33,9
27,0
22,5
21,5
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1968
1978
1988
1998
2008
Train Bus Car Motorcycle Bicycle Walk Others
(%)
12
Source: Mohri, Morio: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Change for 50 years and Future Vision ~Change and Future of Metroplis according to the Date~.(2014)
Transporta5on mode of trips to Tokyo city area
63,9
69,4
72,5
73,9
78,8
9,7
11,0
10,1
8,7
4,3
3,7
5,2
6,4
7,7
7,4
13,8
9,6
6,0
5,8
5,2
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1968
1978
1988
1998
2008
Train Bus/Tram Car Motorcycle Bicycle Walk Others
(%)
14
Source: Mohri, Morio: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Change for 50 years and Future Vision ~Change and Future of Metroplis according to the Date~.(2014)
Railway Network of Tokyo Metropolitan Area (1960)
Transportation Share of Trips in World Cities Transportation Share of Trips in Tokyo Metropolitan Area Transportation Share of Trips to Tokyo City Area
Tokyo
Seoul
London
New York
Beijing
0 % 0 % 0 %20 % 20 % 20 %40 % 40 % 40 %60 % 60 % 60 %80 % 80 % 80 %100 % 100 % 100 %
1968
1978
1988
1998
2008
1968
1978
1988
1998
2008
Railway Network of Tokyo Metropolitan Area (2010) Improvement of Railway Services (1960 / 2010)
Source: Mohri, Morio: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Change for 50 years and Future Vision– Change and Future of Metropolis According to the Date –, 2014.
Source: Mohri, Morio: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Change for 50 years and Future Vision– Change and Future of Metropolis According to the Date –, 2014.
Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, 2013
Source: Mohri et al. 2014
Tsukuba Totsuka Ward Tama Mishima
1960 2010 1960 2010 1960 2010 1960 2010
Population 52,600 214,600 113,500 274,300 9,700 147,600 65,000 111,900
Time to Tokyo (min) 168 62 44 41 75 58 111 55
Frequency /3 h 4 17 14 57 9 20 6 12
TsukubaTsukuba
TamaTama
TotsukaTotsuka
MishimaMishima
MAMORU TANIGUCHI, PROFESSOR, TSUKUBA UNIVERSITY
Tokyo PasT, Now aNd FuTure: TraNsPorTaTioN aNd develoPmeNT
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Difficulty in maintaining medical, welfare, and commercial service
Shrink of the public transporta5on network and deteriora5on of the quality of the service
■ Regional Economic Decline
■ Deteriora7on of func7ons suppor7ng urban lives
Regional industrial stagna5on Increase of vacant lands and stores, decline of downtown
Increasing social security costs Addressing the aging infrastructure
■ Strict Governments’ Finances
Challenges of Urban Area Effects of Compacness
Maintenance and improvement of urban livability Maintaining community services Improving accessibility to local services Social par5cipa5on by the elderly
Revitaliza7on of regional economy More produc5ve in service industries, such as public transport, medical care, welfare and commerce.
Reduc7on of administra7ve cost Reducing the maintenance cost of for infrastructure
More efficient in administra5ve service Maintaining land value and the revenue of property tax
Controlling social security cost through health enhancement
Less burden on global environment
Compact City Agglomera7on of popula7on by
guiding and concentra7ng community ameni7es and residence
Restructuring of transporta7on network coordina7ng with community development
+ Network
More efficient use of energy Reducing CO2 emission
Polycentric Network-‐based Compact City with city center and local cores linked by
user-‐friendly public transport
Making urban Environment to safe and comfortable for the elderly and households with children
Maintaining and improving business environment
Financially sustainable urban management
Realiza5on of urban structure with low carbon emission
○ Depopula5on and Aging ○ Urban Sprawl
Current urban trend
25
9Population estimation of Tokyo metropolitan area
TMA/Japan
Tokyo/TMA
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Population[Million]
Chiba
Saitama
Kanagawa
Tokyo
TMA/Japan
Tokyo/TMA
TMA/Japan[%]Tokyo/TMA[%]
Source: Mohri, Morio (2014) and National Institute of Population and Social Security Research
Popula5on es5ma5on of Tokyo metropolitan area (Over 65 years old)
4139,342 4498,313 3934,3295169,743
3179,474
4827,344
5958,8796024,846
7318,816
9325,6579893,208
11194,589
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2010 2020 2030 2040
Over 75 65-74Over 75 65-74
Elderly popula5on [/Thousand]
Elderly Popula5on Ra5o [%]
16
Source: Mohri, Morio: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Change for 50 years and Future Vision ~Change and Future of Metroplis according to the Date~.(2014)
【機密性2】
◆ Lenient control of residential developments outside the districtsPrior notification of a large residential development outside the
district, followed by consultation with local municipalities.
Working Toward “Network-based Compact City”
Based on the Act on Special Measures concerning Urban Reconstruction and Act on Revitalization and Rehabilitation of Local PublicTransportation Systems amended in 2014, the local municipalities are expected to guide houses and community amenities into key areas andto develop a sustainable local public transportation network which connects these areas, while taking the entire city structure into account.
In order to encourage the municipalities to guide community amenities into designated districts, the Japanese Government providesincentives such as budgetary support for creating and implementing such plans.Siting Optimization Plan (created by cities)
【Amended Act on Special Measures concerning Urban Reconstruction】(Enacted Aug 1 2014)
◆ Lenient control of community amenity siting outside the districts Prior notification of community amenity development outside
the districts, followed by consultation with local municipalities.
◆ Improving living conditions within districtsEnable housing developers to make proposals on urban planning and landscape planning
Residential advancement districtEstablish areas that attract residents and maintain population density
Community amenity advancement districtIdentify the areas where certain amenities are encouraged to be sited◆Promote establishment of urban functions
(such as welfare, healthcare, commerce.) Provide tax and financial incentives to service-attracting facilities Relax floor area ratio requirements, etc. for rebuilding welfare
and healthcare-related facilities Effective use of public real estate and
unused/underused land◆Walkable city Support development of pedestrian walkways
Local public transportation networking plan【Amended Act on Revitalization and Rehabilitation of Local Public Transportation Systems】
(Enacted Nov. 20 2014)
Developed by local government lead Integrated with city development Takes the whole city structure into account to
redevelop public transportation networks for the entire region
Approval by MLIT (Minister)
Improve related laws and establish new incentives, such as budgetary support.
Regional public transportionreorganization plan(created by local government, with consent from the operaters,etc.)
Reinforce public transportation services
Improve transit hubs
ZGuide and concentrate community amenities
to key areas
Walkable/bike-friendly development
Circular transportation system
Feeder lines such as community buses
Demand-responsive bus (taxi)
Siting Optimization Plan
Local public ranpsortation networking plan
integration
Positive cycle
Polycentric network-based Compact City
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Encourage more housing near public transportation
Siting Optimization Plan Area=Urban Planning Area
Siting Optimization Plan (figure)
27
Urbanization promotion area
Residential advancement districtCommunity amenities advancement district
Purpose of Network-based Compact City Working toward “Network-based Compact City”
Population Estimation of Tokyo Metropolitan Area Population Estimation of Tokyo Metropolitan Area:Over 65 Years Old
Siting Optimization Plan
Source: Mohri, Morio: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Change for 50 years and Future Vision– Change and Future of Metropolis According to the Date –, 2014.
Source: Mohri, Morio 2014 and National Institute of Population and Social Security Research.
MAMORU TANIGUCHI, PROFESSOR, TSUKUBA UNIVERSITY
Tokyo PasT, Now aNd FuTure: TraNsPorTaTioN aNd develoPmeNT– agiNg, sTrucTural chaNge, susTaiNabiliTy –