mammals - biologymrspattersonbiology.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/5/4/25540470/mammals.pdfsome marine...
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MammalsKingdom Animalia
---Phylum Chordata
------Subphylum Vertebrata
---------Class Mammalia
What do you get when
you cross an elephant
with a fish?
swimming trunks
Characteristics of being a mammal?
• Endothermic
• Have hair (at some point in their life)
• Breath air
• Viviparous
• Nurse young with mammary glands
• Specialized teeth
Evolution of Mammals
Mammals did not come to dominate until the
CENOZOIC ERA, after the dinosaurs became
extinct
Early mammals
were probably
rodent-like and
nocturnal
How do mammals stay warm?
Hair insulates most mammals
Some marine mammals have a layer of
subcutaneous fat (blubber)
What is the placenta?
Attached to the wall of the
uterus , it provides the fetus
with nourishment.
What are mammary glands?
Only found in mammals, produce milk to feed young.
Specialized Teeth
●Incisors – biting
●Canines - stabbing, holding
●molars - crushing, grinding
Different types of mammals have different types
of teeth - depending on their diet
Predators have large canines
Herbivores have large flat molars
The canines of predators
are very large and sharp,
used for tearing flesh
Digestion
Mammals have diverse diets.
Herbivores often have an extra stomach chamber
called a RUMEN to help them digest plants
This chamber
holds bacteria
that can digest
plant material
Circulatory system comparison
fish amphibian reptiles birds & mammals
A A
V
V V VV
A AAA
A
V
2 chamber 3 chamber 3 chamber 4 chamber
Why are the hearts of endothermic
animals more complex?
Mammals are TETRAPODS, meaning they have four limbs.These limbs can be adapted to different functions, such as the wings
of bats or the flippers of whales.
An animal that is BIPEDAL walks on two
legs.
Whales do not have hind limbs, but
they do have VESTIGIAL pelvic bones.
Quick Check
1. What attaches to the uterus wall and nourishes an
embryo? _____________________
2. What muscles helps mammals breathe? _______
3. Which type of tooth is used for grinding? _____
4. What part of a cow helps them digest plants? _____
5. The structure of the jaw and teeth can give you
information about about a mammal’s:
a. habitat b. age c. diet
6. Mammals have [ double / single ] loop circulation.
7. Diversity refers to
a. different kinds b. the way animals evolved
Reproduction
Most mammals give birth to live young.
There are two groups that are exceptions…
1.Monotremes (lay eggs)
2.Marsupials (develop young in a pouch)
Order Monotremata●Egg laying mammals found only in Australia
●Have reptilian characteristics
(cloaca & egg laying)
●Have mammalian features
(hair, mammary gland)
Echidna (Spiny Ant Eater)
Artiodactyla
- hoofed mammals
- even number of toes
- large, grazing mammals
COW
Related to Cows
mouse
Order Rodentia
- single pair of
long incisors
- GNAWING
mammals
chinchilla
Related to Mice
Rabbit
Order Lagomorpha
- 2 pair of
incisors
- hind legs are
for jumping
- herbivorous
Related to Rabbits
pika! hare
Panda Bear - herbivorous
Order Carnivora
- most of
carnivorous
- large canines
for killing prey
MORE CARNIVORES
Related to Bears
Baboon
Order Primate
- well
developed
cerebrum
- opposable
thumbs
Related
Derived from the Greek word ketos, meaning sea
monster.
It's easy to imagine what ancient sailors must have
thought when seeing whales. Without modern
knowledge whales were extremely mysterious
dwellers of the deep.
Cetaceans
• There are 76 confirmed species of whales, dolphins and porpoises.
• There are several species of whales that have never been observed alive; they are known only from beached animals or bones.
• Divided into two major groups, Odontocetes or toothed whales and Mysticetes or baleen whales.
Dolphin
Order Cetacea
- aquatic
mammals
- blowhole
- blubber
Related
African Elephant
Order Proboscidea
- trunks
- tusks
2 Species:
Asian &
African
Asian Elephant
Order Marsupiala
●Mammals bear their young in an immature
state, babies develop in a pouch
●Majority are found on Australia, opossums
are found on other continents
Related to Kangaroos
Placental MammalsPlacental Mammals have a gestation period
(length of time in uterus)
Order Perissodactyla
Rhinoceros
- hoofed
- odd
number of
toes
Tapir
Foot of a tapir
Related
9 banded armadillo
Order Xenarthra
teeth without
enamel (or no
teeth)
SLOTH
relative of
the armadillo
Order Chiroptera
fruit bat
winged mammals, ⅕ of all mammal
species
BAT
moles and shrews
Order Insectivora
long snouts
insect - eaters
diggers
• The Greek name for this order is derived
from the sirens of Greek mythology.
• Mythological sirens were half woman, half
bird, who lured sailors to their death with
their beauty and mesmerizing songs.
• It’s thought that the early sightings of
manatees and dugongs gave rise to the
stories of what we refer to as “mermaids”
Order Sirenia
herbivores
shallow water
slow moving
Manatees (Florida)
Dugong (Australia)
Dugongs
• As dugongs feed,
whole plants are
uprooted and a
telltale-feeding trail
is left.
• Which terrestrial
mammal do you
think Sirenians are
closest related to?
