chapter 32-2 mammals. 32-2 diversity of mammals mammals: monotremes
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 32-2Mammals
32-2 Diversity of Mammals
Mam
mal
s: M
onot
rem
es
Mammal Classification
Monotremes, egg-layersIncludes duck-billed platypus
& spiny anteater
Monotreme: Egg Layers
Mammal that reproduced by laying eggs
Monotremes are found only in Austria, Tasmania, & New Guinea
Only 3 species of Monotremes are alive today:
Duck-Billed Platypus- Broad, flat tail, (like a
beaver), - rubbery snout (like
the bill of a duck); - webbed front feet for
swimming, but sharp claws on its front & hind feet for digging; body covered with tick brown fur.
Monotremes:
2 Species of Spiny Anteaters
Coarse, brown hair & its back & sides are covered with sharp spines that can erect for defensive purposes when threatened. Mouth located at the end of a long snout, it extends its long, sticky tongue to catch insects.
Monotremes:
Monotremes
Mam
mal
s: M
arsu
pial
s
Mammal Classification
Marsupials, pouched mammalsIncludes Kangaroo, Koala, Opossum
Marsupials
Young have a short period of development within the mothers body, followed by a second period of development inside a pouch made of skin & hair found outside the mothers body
Marsupials
Marsupials
Most Marsupials are found…
In Australia & surrounding islands due to Pangaea
Opossum originated in Mexico
Marsupial Mole
Tasmanian Devil
Koala
Mam
mal
s: P
lace
ntal
Mammal Classification
Placentals (90% of all Mammals)
Placenta is an organ that nourishes the young while inside the uterus (womb)
Gestation, period of time young develops in uterus; ensures offspring are protected from predators & environment
Placental Mammals
Mammals that carry their young inside the uterus until birth
Nourishment takes place inside the uterus through the placenta
Placenta
The placenta also functions in passing oxygen to and removing waste from the developing embryo
95% of all mammals are placental
Eutherians: Placental Mammals
Eutherians: Placental Mammals
Orders of Placental Mammals
Artiodactyla (hoofed, with even number of toes)
Carnivora (specialized
hunters)
Orders of Placental Mammals
Cetacea (adapted to aquatic environment)
Chiroptera (only mammal
with true flight)
Orders of Placental Mammals
Insectivora (includes world’s smallest mammals)
Lagomorpha (includes some of the
fastest runners, with 2 pairs of incisors)
Orders of Placental Mammals
Perissodactyla (hoofed,with odd number of toes)
Primates (superior intelligence,
opposable thumbs)
Orders of Placental Mammals
Proboscidea (trunk-nosed)
Rodentia (largest order,
gnawing incisors)
In placental mammals, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged efficiently between the embryo and mother through the placenta
This is the type of animal that human beings along with just about the majority of all mammals belong to
Hoofed mammals with an even number of toes on each foot are Artiodactyls
Giraffes along with the rest of the Artiodactyls are grazing animals
Meat-eating predators are Carnivores
Grizzly Bears, like the one showed here, among a few other animals in this family are not completely Carnivorous. When meat is not readily available, they are able to eat plants as well
Dolphins and whales, like this Blue Whale, are called Cetaceans
Cetaceans are carnivorous marine mammals that live and breed in the ocean coming up to the surface only to breathe
The only mammals capable of true flight
Bats feed mainly on nectar, insects, and fruit
Only three species of Bats feed on the blood of other invertebrates
Insectivores have sharp claws and pointy snouts that help them seek all the insects that they like to eat
African Hedgehogs, like the one pictured here, have calm natures and make nice pets
Like Rodents, Lagomorphs are herbivorous. Unlike rodents, they have two pairs of incisor teeth in the upper jaw, and strong back legs which are better adapted for leaping and hopping
A great example of Lagomorphs are Rabbits
Hoofed mammals with an odd number of toes are Perissodactyls
Among the animals in this family are the Rhinoceros, which are very defensive herbivores who blindly charge at whoever or whatever they feel is a threat to their baby
Primates have a highly developed brain and set of complex behaviors unlike any other animal on Earth
Ring-Tailed Lemurs, like the one showed here belong to the Primate family as well as Human Beings
Mammals with trunks are Proboscideans, like this baby Elephant
Many species existed at one time, but now only African and Asian Elephants remain
Capybaras are the largest type of Rodent there is
Like all rodents, they have a single pair of long, curved incisor teeth in their upper and lower jaw
Rodents love gnawing on wood and other tough plant material
Sirenians are herbivorous sea mammals, just like these Manatees
When Columbus first sailed to America and spotted these animals at sea, they were mistaken for mermaids
Three-Banded Armadillos like the one pictured here are Xenarthians
Xenarthians are herbivorous creatures with very simple teeth with no enamel or no teeth at all
Three-Banded Armadillos are the only mammal that can perfectly roll itself into a ball
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biogeography of Mammals
Convergent Evolution in Mammals
Giant AnteaterAardvark
Common Echidna
Chinese PangolinNine-Banded Armadillo
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
32-2 Quiz
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
32-2
Most mammals are monotremes. marsupials. placental mammals. placental marsupials.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
32-2
Monotremes are the only group of mammals that lay eggs have hair. feed their young with milk. are endotherms.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
32-2
Rabbits belong to an order of mammals called the cetaceans. lagomorphs. proboscideans. chiroptera.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
32-2
Ant-eating mammals on different continents look similar to each other because they are all a result of divergent evolution. adapted to similar ecological opportunities. recently evolved from a common ancestor. evolved from an ant-eating reptile.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
32-2
What is the function of the placenta?
a. production of milk
b. exchange of materials between fetus and mother
c. digestion of food
d. protection of a young mammal after birth