Malaria

Matt DillonPatrick Keys

Karsten JepsenAllie Lyman

Malaria Worldwide - Stats

• 1 million people die each year• 3,000 children die each year• Kills an African child every 30 seconds• 250 million cases occur annually

Malaria No More 2010

Malaria Worldwide

• Attila the Hun and Genghis Khan• Eliminated: Caribbean, Vietnam, Panama

Canal• Major Problem: Africa, Asia, and South

America

Malaria No More 2010

Malaria in America

• Major Outbreaks• 1951: Malaria eliminated from U.S.A.

Malaria No More 2010

Economic Impact

• Significant economic losses• Decrease GDP as much as 1.3%• Health Costs

WHO 2010

Social Impact

• Sick children miss school• Tourism suffers• Foreign investment decreases• Adults miss work

Malaria No More 2010

Malaria No More 2010

Signs & Symptoms

• Headache• Vomiting• Fever• Rigors (shaking chills)• Joint/muscle pain• Anemia• Spleen Inflammation

Web MD, 2010

Timeline• Exposure – bite from infected mosquito

• Incubation Period– Begins 30 minutes after bite– Lasts up to 7 – 30 days

• Prodromal Period– A few days, headache occurs

• Fastigium Period– Fever/chills/sweating, cycles can recur every 1-3 days

• Convalescence– Symptoms subside 3-14 days after treatment

Wrong Diagnosis, 2010

Classification

• ICD 10 #: B50

• Agent: Parasitic Protists

• Genus: Plasmodium (vivax, ovale, falciparum, malariae)

WHO, 2010

Spreading of Malaria

•Vehicle: Anapheles Mosquito

•Prevalence to Africa

•Human to Human

CDC, 2010

Human to Human Transmission

CDC, 2010

Plasmodium Falciprum•Attack on the Liver

•Agents Defense Mechanisms

•This attack causes Symptoms

CDC, 2010

Testing for Malaria

WHO, 2010

Analyzing Blood Tests

WHO, 2010

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

Reported Malaria Cases World Wide

Per

cent

of

Wor

ld P

opul

atio

n

Year Reported1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2006

Gideon, 2010

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Malaria cases reported in Africa

Per

cent

age

of t

otal

pop

ulat

ion

Year1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2006

Gideon, 2010

Gideon, 2010

0.60M

0.65M

0.70M

0.75M

0.80M

0.85M

0.90M

0.95M

1.00M

1.05M

1.10M

1.15MWorldwide Malaria, Est. Deaths

Pop

ulat

ion

Year1970 1998 1999 2000 2006

Gideon, 2010

Who Gets Malaria?

• Warm, tropical or sub-tropical regions– Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Brazil,

Columbia, Solomon Islands– Poverty, non immune, developed resistance

• Non Immune Travelers• 2005: over 2.5 billion at risk

Gideon, 2010

Primary Prevention

• Bed nets• Long sleeves, long pants• Bug sprays/fumigation• Remove standing water• Anti-Malaria treatment

WHO, 2010

• Malaria Treatment• Fluids• Rest• Proper Nutrition

Secondary Prevention

WHO, 2010

Tertiary Prevention

• Malaria Treatment• Hospitalization

– Fluids, rest, nutrition

WHO, 2010

• Very Prevalent, but preventable• Disease of Poverty• Education and resources• Easy treatment

Summary

Sources• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010, February 8)

Malaria. Retrieved May 12, 2010 from http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/• Gideon Infectious Diseases. (2010) Malaria. Retrieved May 12, 2010

from http://web.gideononline.com/web/epidemiology/• Malaria No More. (2010) Malaria. Retrieved on May 17, 2010 from

http://www.malarianomore.org/• WebMD (2010). Malaria Overview. Retrieved 5/17/10 from http://

www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/malaria-topic-overview• World Health Organization. (2010) Malaria. Retrieved May 12, 2010

from http://www.who.int/topics/malaria/en/• Wrong Diagnosis (2010). Malaria Symptoms. Retreived

5/17/10 from http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/m/malaria/intro.htm