major islamic empires
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Major Islamic Empires. Ms. Catsos World History. Where was each picture taken?. All three were taken in Baghdad, Iraq- the former capital of the Abbasid Empire. Objective. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Major Islamic Empires
Ms. CatsosWorld History
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Where was each picture taken?
All three were taken in Baghdad, Iraq- the former capital of the Abbasid Empire
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Objective• Understand the rise and the fall of
the Umayyad and Abbasid Empires, the two major empires of the medieval Islamic world.
• Know how these two empires spread Islam and the lasting effects of that spread today
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Essential Question• How do empires rise and fall?
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The Umayyad Empire 661- 750
• After the death of Ali, the Umayyad family set up a dynasty. They were Sunnis.
• Their capital was Damascus, in Syria.
• They spread Islam across Asia, Africa, and Europe.
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Why were the Umayyads so successful in spreading Islam?• Byzantine and Persian Empires were
weak• Fighting methods: camel and horse
cavalry• Common faith inspired army• Fair treatment of conquered people
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The Umayyad Empire- Challenges
• Had to adapt from desert life to ruling large cities and huge territories
• Arabs had more rights than non-Arabs• Shiites still angry about murder of Ali• When conquests stopped, money
stopped coming in, and people turned to a new leader
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Abbasid Empire (750-1258)• The new leader was Abu al-Abbas,
who captured Damascus in 750.• He invited the Umayyads to a
banquet, then killed them all.• The Abbas family became Shiites to
gain their support.• The Abbasids ended Arab dominance
and made Islam a universal religion.
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New Capital: Baghdad• Moved the capital
to Baghdad (today in Iraq)
• Strong Persian influence
• Huge center of trade and culture
• Leader during Baghdad’s peak: Harun al-Rashid
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Decline of the Abbasid Empire• Starting in 850, Abbasid control fragmented• Spain, Egypt and other areas were ruled by
separate states• Civil Wars• Invasions: Seljuks, Crusaders, and Mongols
How was its decline similar to the decline of Ancient Rome?
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Seljuk Turks• From Central Asia• Adopted Islam• Ruled by a sultan• Took over Baghdad• Threatened Byzantines and
motivated Urban II to call the first Crusade
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Crusaders• In 1099 captured Jerusalem• It went back in forth for hundreds of
years in bloody battle• Crusades had more of a cultural impact
in Europe than in the Middle East• The Crusaders did not take Muslim
land permanently, but created centuries of hostility
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Continuing Influence• After the caliphates fell, the Middle
East became very politically divided- and still is today
• Islam still linked these diverse people as a common religion
• What other effects can you think of?