Southeast University Southeast University Department Of Textile EngineeringDepartment Of Textile Engineering

I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka BangladeI/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh sh

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Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshirID: 201000040000813th Batch Wet Processing Technology Southeast University

Cotton

Molecular Structure:

It composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units.

Physical Properties:Luster: HighTenacity (strength):- Dry: 3.0-5.0 g/d Wet: 3.3-6.0 g/dResiliency: lowDensity: 1.54-1.56 g/cm³Moisture absorption: 15-25%Dimensional stability: Good

Chemical Properties:Resistance to acids: Damage, weaken fibersResistance to alkali: No harmful effectsResistance to organic solvents: High resistanceResistance to sunlight: Prolonged exposure weakens fibers

ShortsJackets pants. Carpets

Uses:

Silk

Molecular Structure

It Fibrous keratin molecules supercoil to form a very stable, left-handed superhelical motif to multimerise, forming filaments consisting of multiple copies of the keratin monomer.

Physical Properties:

Chemical Properties:

Uses:

Tenacity: Strong (linear, beta-configuration polymers)Reflect light: At many anglesMoisture regain: 11%. Elasticity: Moderate to poor:Linear density: 1 denier.

Effect of acids: Degraded more readily than woolEffect of alkalis : To swell silk filament . Effect of mineral acids: Resistance except for sulfuric acidEffect of sunlight: The environment is not as good

TiesFormal dressesHigh fashion clothesDress suits

Wool

Molecular Structure

It has been estimated that wool contains more than170 different proteins. These are not uniformly distributed throughout the fiber; proteins of different structures are located in specific regions.

Properties:

Uses:

Strength: Weakest.Elasticity: 25 to 30 percent Resilience: High Absorbency: About 20 percentColor/Luster: Dull greyIt is lightweight and versatile.Wool does not wrinkle easily.It is resistant to dirt and wear and tear.

SweatersDressesCoatsSuitsJacketsPantsblankets Carpets

Acrylic

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units.

Polyacrylonitrile Acrylic copolymers

Properties:

Uses:

Moisture regain: 1.5-2% at 65% Tenacity: dry state= 5 gpd wet state=4-8 gpd Breaking elongation: 15Elastic recovery: 85% after 4% extensionThermal stability: GoodResistance to mineral acids: Good Resistance to weak alkalies: Fairly good.Moths, Mildew and insects do not attack.

Knit JerseySweaterBlanketsWrinkle resistant fabrics.Pile and Fleece fabricsCarpets

Aramid

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made up of aromatic groups joined by amide or imide linkages, at least 85% of the amide imide linkages.

Physical Properties:

Uses:

Thermal expansion: 2 -5 e-6/KThermal conductivity: 0.05 - 0.05 W/m.KSpecific heat: 1250 - 2900 J/kg.KDensity: 1390 - 1440 kg/m3

Friction coefficient: 0.4 - 0.5Water absorption: 3.5 - 6.5%Refraction index: 1.6 – 2

Mechanical Properties

Young's modulus: 58000 - 82000 MpaTensile strength: 2800 - 3400 MpaElongation: 3.3 - 3.7%Compressive strength: 174 - 410 MpaCreep strength: 2520 - 3060 MpaFatigue: 1750 - 2000 MpaYield strength: 2800 - 3400 MPa

Flame-resistant clothingHeat protective clothing and helmetsHot air filtration fabricsTires, newly as Sulfron (sulfur modified Twaron)Rubber goods reinforcement

Dept. of Textile EngineeringSoutheast University

Sarker Md. Rafjan SaniID: 2010000400051

Batch: 13th –II

Introduce to myself

My selected topics is Chlorofiber &Elastodiene.

Chlorofiber

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain more than 50% by mass of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride unites

Poly (Vinyl chloride)

Properties:

Uses:

Long lasting antibacterial effectiveness Not wash out.An easy care product.comfort & coolnessHeat regulation & moisture transfer good.

BeddingChild care articlesUnderwearLingerieSocksHand knitting yarn

Elastodiene

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of natural or synthetic polyisoprene, or of one or more dienes polymerized with or without one or more vinyl monomers

Natural polyisoprene

Properties:

Uses:

Stretched: More than 500% without breakingStronger & more durable than rubberLightweight, soft, smoothIt comfort and fit, prevents bagging and saggingHeat-settableDye ableResistant to deterioration by body oils, perspirationAbrasion resistantAvailable in clear and opaque luster

Desired Hosiery SwimsuitsAerobic/exercise wear Ski pants Golf jackets Disposable diaper Waist bandsBra straps

Melamine

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of at least 50% by mass of cross-linked macromolecules made up of melamine methylol polycondensate

Melamine

Properties:

Uses:

Average Diameter: 15 µmAverage Denier: 2.4 g/9000mSpecific Gravity: 1.4Tensile Strength: 36 ksi Tenacity: 2.0 g/denModulus: 1.0-55 Msi g/denElongation at Break: 11%Moisture Regain (23°C, 65% RH): 5%Shrinkage at 200°C (1hr exposure): <1%Maximum Continuous Operating Temperature: 200°CMelting Temperature: Does not melt or dripResistance to Mildew, Aging, and Sunlight: ExcellentResistance to Solvents, Alkalis: Excellent

Mattresses, Home Furnishings / Nonwovens Specialty flame resistant papersFirefighting apparelElectrical papersTransmission / friction papersFiltration mediaEngineered materials / Short-fiber compositesAdhesives / Fillers

Modacrylic

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 50% & less than 85% by mass of acrylonitrile

Acrylic copolymers

If X = H & Y = Cl: Poly (acrylonitrile or chloride)IF X = Y = Cl: Poly (acrylonitrile or vinylidene chloride )

Physical Properties:

Uses:

Chemistry: 35% acrylonitrile / 65% vinylidene chlorideSize: 3 denier x 51mm cut length.Crimp Level: 3.8 crimps/cmMoisture: 3.5% (typical)

Strength: 2.6 cN/den (dry)Elongation: 28% (dry)

Mechanical Properties

Deep-pile coats Trims and linings Simulated fur Wigs Hair pieces Children's sleepwear Career apparel

Dept. of Textile EngineeringSoutheast University

Tofayel AhmedID: 2010000400053

Batch: 13th –II

Introduce to myself

My selected topics is Polyamide (Nylon) & Polyester

Polyamide (Nylon)Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain recurring amide linkages, at least 85% of which are joined to aliphatic cyucloaliphatic units.

Polyhexamethylene adipamide (Nylon 6,6)

Polycaproamide (Nylon

Properties:

Uses:

Moisture Absorption: 4.2-4.5%Specific Gravity: 1.14Resilience: Excellent.Abrasion Resistance: Excellent.Effects of Acids, Alkalis, and Solvents: Resistant to weak acids, but decomposes in strong mineral acids.Dye Methods: Acid; some solution dyed. Resistance to Mildew, Aging, Sunlight: Excellent resistance to mildew and aging. Prolonged sunlight can cause degradation.Color Retention: Very good.Stain Resistance: Poor (5th generation very good).Stains/Soils Attracted to Fiber: Acid dyes, except for 5th generation. Melt Point : Type6-435º F; Type6, 6-490º

Blouses DressesFoundation garments Underwear,Raincoats,Swimwear Cycle wear

Polyester

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85% by mass of an ester of a diol & terephthalic acid.

Poly(ethylene terephthalater

Properties:

Uses:

Denier: 0.5 – 15Tenacity : dry 3.5 - 7.0 : wet 3.5 - 7.0Elongation at break : dry 15 - 45 : wet 15 45%Moisture Regain: 0.4Specific Gravity: 1.36 - 1.41% Elastic Recovery : @2% =98 : @5% = 65Melting point : 260 - 270 degree CEffect of Sunlight : turns yellow, retains 70 - 80 % tenacity at long exposureResistance to Weathering: goodRot Resistance: highAlkali Resistance: damaged by CON alkali Acid Resistance: excellent

Pants Shirts Tops Skirts Suits To manufacture high strength ropes Thread, hoses, Sails, Floppy disk liners Power belting

Polyethylene

Molecular Structure

Polyethylene

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules of unsubstituted saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons

Physical Properties:

Uses:

State at 20ºC: flexibleTemperature-dependent form changes: insignificant from +5ºC bis +90ºCSpecific weight at 20ºC: approx. 0.92Shore hardness at 20ºC: approx. 90Tear strength at 20ºC: approx. 10 N/mm2 Elongation at break at 20ºC: approx. 500%Water absorption: traces

Chemical Properties:

Resistant against: Non-oxidizing alkalis, organic solvents excl. chlorinatedNon-resistant against: Oxidizing acids, oils, fats, chlorinated hydrocarbons

Medical implants. Cable and marine ropes. Sail cloth. Sports equipment. Fish netting.

Polypropylene

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made up of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon units in which one carbon atom in two carries a methyl side group, generally an isotactic configuration & without further substitution. 

Polypropylene

Properties:

Uses:

Moisture Regain: < 0.1%Refractive Index: 1.49Thermal Conductivity: 0.95Btu-in/ft .hr.°FCoefficient of linear thermal expansion: 4.0x10 /°FHeat of fusion: 21 cal/gSpecific heat: 0.46 cal/g.cDensity of Melt at 180c: 0.769 g/ccHeat of Combustion: 19,400 Btu/lbDecomposition temperature range: 328-410CDielectric constant (0.1 MHz): 2.25Dissipation factor (0.1 MHz): < 0.0002Specific volume resistively: > 10 . Cm

Top sheet (coverstock) Acquisition and/or transport or distribution layer Absorbent core Backsheet Barrier leg cuffs Elastomeric materials Hot melt glues

Vinylal

Molecular Structure

Linear macromolecules if poly (vinyl alcohol) with different levels of accetalization 

Acetalized poly (vinyl alcohol)

When n>0

Elastomultiester

Molecular Structure

Fiber formed by interaction of two or more chemically distinct linear macromolecules in two or more distinct phases (of which none exceeds 85% by mass) & half times its original length &released recovers rapidly & substantially to its initial length.

Example of physical arrangement:

Part A and B consist of different macromolecules with ester groups

Elastolefin

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of at least 95% (by mass) of macromolecules partially cross-linked, made up from ethylene & at least one other olefin & which, when stretched to one & a half its original length & released, recovers rapidly & substantially to its original length. 

Elastolefin

Flurofiber

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made from aliphatic fluorocarbon monomers.

Polytetrafluorethylene

Polyimide

Molecular Structure

Fiber of synthetic linear macromolecules having in the chain recurring imide units

Polyimide

Polylactide

Molecular Structure

Fiber formed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85% (by mass) of lactic acid ester unites derived from naturally occurring sugars & which has a melting temperature of at least 1350C 

Elastane

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of at least 85% by mass of a segmented polyurethane & which, if stretched to three times its unscratched length, rapidly reverts substantially to the unscratched length when the tension is removed.

Thanks To All