textile industry denise ford. overview natural fibers cotton silk synthetic fibers history ...
TRANSCRIPT
Overview Natural Fibers
Cotton Silk
Synthetic Fibers History Properties Production Methods
Fiber Processing Concerns
Natural Fibers - Cotton History
Used in textiles as early as 3000BC Came to Europe in 800 First machine produced in England in 1730
Production Used for clothing, batting, furniture $120 billion business revenue
Natural Fibers - Silk History
Silk worm rearing began in 2640BC in China
Silk Road in 300BC brought silk to the west
Production Used for clothing, fishing line, light
armor, musical instruments, rag paper Contested by animal rights activists
because larva must be boiled alive
Synthetic Fibers - History Rayon developed in 1890s in France
Most synthetic fibers began mass production in mid 20th century in the U.S.
Polyester mass produced in 1953 Synthetic fiber production ~ natural fiber production by 2000
Synthetic Fibers – Properties of Polymers
Properties are strongly correlated to size of chain
Important properties for fibers Diameter Elasticity Surface energy Compressive strength Tensile strength
Synthetic Fibers – Production Methods
Mean Diameter
(nm)
Surface Energy
(dyn/cm)
Tensile Strength
normalized
MB ES MB ES MB ES
Polyurethane
19000 660 48 52 .194 .479
Nylon6 6800 68 48 50 .154 1.52
Textile Industry – Fiber Processing
Concerns
BOD and TSS emitted in waste water from processing of fibers 265 m3 waste/metric ton cotton
115 kg/metric ton BOD 70 kg/metric ton TSS
Less waste volume produced from the processing of synthetic fibers, but often more BOD and TSS
Conclusion Natural Fibers
Cotton Silk
Synthetic Fibers History Properties Production Methods
Fiber Processing Concerns
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile http://www.cotton.org/pubs/cottoncounts/story/index.cfm http://www.asianartmall.com/silkarticle.htm http://www.teonline.com/fiber-history.html http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch06/final/
c06s09.pdf#search=%22synthetic%20fiber%20production%22
http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/gui_textiles_WB/$FILE/textile_PPAH.pdf#search=%22textile%20production%22
http://www.engr.utk.edu/mse/pages/Textiles/Nanofiber%20Nonwovens.htm
http://www.inda.org/subscrip/inj04_3/p17-23-tsai.pdf http://www.nonwovens-industry.com/research/gneuss--
spunbond-manufacture.pdf#search=%22meltblown%20process%22