Major Characteristics

of the Six Kingdoms

Six Kingdoms

• Archaebacteria

• Eubacteria

• Protista

• Fungi

• Plantae

• Animalia

Archaebacteria

Cell Type:

• Prokaryotes

• Prokaryotes – no bound organelles, “pro” means first

Eubacteria

Cell Type:

• Prokaryotes

Protista

Cell Type:

• Eukaryotes

Fungi

Cell Type:

• Eukaryotes

Plantae

Cell Type:

• Eukaryotes

Animalia

Cell Type:

• Eukaryotes

Archaebacteria

Cell Structures: • No nucleus, no

membrane bound structures

• Cell membrane contains lipid not found in other organisms

Eubacteria

Cell Structure:

• No nucleus

• Have cells walls made up of peptidoglycan

Protista

Cell Structures:

• Cell membrane

• Well defined nucleus

• Membrane bound organelles

Fungi

Cell Structures: • Have a nucleus and mitochondria

• No chloroplasts• Cell wall of chitin

Plantae

Cell Structures:

• Nucleus

• Cell membrane

• Cell wall

• Chloroplasts

Animalia

Cell Structures:

• Nucleus

• Cell membrane

• No cell wall

• No chloroplasts

Archaebacteria

Body Form:

• Unicellular

Eubacteria

Body Form:

• Unicellular

• Colonies (groups)

Protista

Body Form: • Mostly unicellular

• Some multicellular (colonies)

Fungi

Body Form:

• Unicellular

• Multicellular

Plantae

Body Form:

• Multicellular

Animalia

Body Forms:

• Multicellular

Archaebacteria

Nutrition:

• Autotrophic– Chemosynthetic

Eubacteria

Nutrition:

• Autotrophic

• Heterotrophic

Protista

Nutrition:

• Autotrophic

• Heterotrophic–Symbiotic (living together and one is benefiting)

Fungi

Nutrition:

• Heterotrophic– Decomposers

– Symbiotic

Plantae

Nutrition:

• Autotrophic– Photosynthetic

Animalia

Nutrition:

• Heterotrophic

ArchaebacteriaSpecial Adaptations:

• Methanogens

• Halophiles

• Thermophiles

• Chemosynthetic

EubacteriaSpecial Adaptations: • Nitrogen fixing• Found in most

habitats• Aerobic or

anaerobic types• Conjugation

ProtistaSpecial Adaptations: • Fungi-like molds and

mildews• Plant-like algae with

alternation of generations (spores vs. gametes)

• Animal-like protozoans, some with pseudopodia, conjugation, cysts, or spores

FungiSpecial Adaptations: • Most reproduce with

spores (sexually or asexually)

• Extracellular digestion

• Feeding relationships

PlantaeSpecial Adaptations: • In most habitats• Sexual reproduction

(spores or seeds)• Alternation of

generations• Photosynthetic• Roots/stems/leaves/ cuticle

AnimaliaSpecial Adaptations: • Find or capture

food• Fat for food

storage• Specialized cells• Adapted to

environment

Archaebacteria

Examples:

• Methanogens

• Halophiles

• Thermophiles

Eubacteria

Examples:

• Rhizobium

• E. coli

• Salmonella

Protista

Examples:

• Euglena

• Amoeba

• Volvox

• Paramecium

• Diatoms

Fungi

Examples:

• Yeasts

• Molds

• Mushrooms

• Lichens

• Penicillium

Plantae

Examples:

• Mosses

• Ferns

• Flowering plants

• Seaweeds

• Trees

Animalia

Examples:

• Gemsbok

• Dogs

• Cats

• Humans