Magnetic effect of electric current

By Tisha Gupta X-F

MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

The term ‘magnetic effect of electric current’

means that an electric current flowing in a wire

produces a magnetic field around it . A Magnet

is an object which attracts pieces of iron,

steel, nickel and cobalt. A bar magnet is a long,

rectangular bar of uniform cross-section which

attracts pieces of iron, steel, nickel and cobalt.

MAGNETIC FIELD

A magnetic field is the magnetic influence of electric

currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any

given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude (or

strength); as such it is a vector field. The term is used for two

distinct but closely related fields denoted by the

symbols B and H, which are measured in units of tesla and amp

per meter respectively in the SI.B is most commonly defined in

terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.

MAGNETIC FIELD OF EARTH

Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic

field, is the magnetic field that extends from the Earth's

interior to where it meets the solar wind, a stream

of charged particles emanating from the Sun. Its magnitude

at the Earth's surface ranges from 25 to 65 microtesla (0.25

to 0.65 gauss). It is approximately the field of a magnetic

dipole tilted at an angle of 10 degrees with respect

to Earth's rotational axis, as if there were a bar

magnet placed at that angle at the center of the Earth.

Unlike a bar magnet, however, Earth's magnetic field

changes over time because it is generated by

a geodynamic (in Earth's case, the motion of molten iron

alloys in its outer core).

Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism, or the electromagnetic force is

one of the four fundamental interactions in nature, the

other three being the strong interaction, the weak

interaction, and gravitation. This force is described

by electromagnetic fields, and has innumerable physical

instances including the interaction of electrically

charged particles and the interaction of uncharged

magnetic force fields with electrical conductors.

Clock face rule

 A current carrying loop works like a disc magnet.

The polarity of this magnet can be easily understood

with the help of clock face rule. If the current is

flowing in anti-clockwise direction, then the face of

the loop shows north pole. On the other hand, if the

current is flowing in clockwise direction, then the

face of the loop shows south pole.

SolenoidA solenoid is a coil wound into a tightly packed helix.

The term was invented by French physicist André-Marie

Ampère to designate a helical coil. In physics, the term

refers specifically to a long, thin loop of wire, often

wrapped around a metallic core, which produces a uniform

magnetic field in a volume of space (where some

experiment might be carried out) when an electric

current is passed through it.

ElectromagnetAn electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic

field is produced by electric current. The magnetic field

disappears when the current is turned off. Electromagnets are

widely used as components of other electrical devices, such

as motors, generators, relays, loudspeakers, hard disks, MRI

machines, scientific instruments, and magnetic separation

equipment, as well as being employed as industrial lifting

electromagnets for picking up and moving heavy iron objects like

scrap iron.

ELECTRIC MOTOR

An electric motor is an electric machine that

converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

In normal motoring mode, most electric motors operate through

the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic

field and winding currents to generate force within the motor. In

certain applications, such as in the transportation industry

with traction motors, electric motors can operate in both

motoring and generating or braking modes to also produce

electrical energy from mechanical energy.

Direct current (DC)

Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow

of electric charge. Direct current is produced by

sources such as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells,

and commutator-type electric machines of

the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in

a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow

through semiconductors, insulators, or even through

a vacuum as in electron or ion beams.

Alternating current (AC)

 Alternating current (AC, also ac), the flow

of electric charge periodically reverses direction.

In direct current (DC, also dc), the flow of electric

charge is only in one direction. The

abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean

simply alternating and direct, as when they

modify current or voltage.

Thank

you