MAGLEV TRAIN

PRESENTED BYGIRISH HARMUKHM.Sc. ELECTRONICS

What is Maglev Train?

In some ways trains can fly. – Mag- Magnetic– Lev- (Levitation- “Rising into the air”)Floats 1cm above the track

Maglev- An electric train that magnetically levitates over a track and can travel at high speeds.

Magnetic levitation transport, or maglev, is a form of transportation that suspends, guides and propels vehicles via electromagnetic force. This method can be faster than wheeled mass transit systems, potentially reaching velocities comparable to turboprop and jet aircraft (500 to 580 km/h).

History In the 1960s in Britain Eric Laithwaite

developed a functional maglev train. His maglev had 1.6 km of track and was in detail tested. His research was stopped in 1973 because lack of money and his progress was not enough. In the 1970s, Germany and Japan also began research and after some failures both nations developed mature technologies in the 1990’s……………………………………..

SuperconductivitySuperconductivity occurs in certain materials at very low temperatures.

When superconductive,a material has an electrical resistance of exactly zero.

It is also characterised by a phenomenon called the miessner effect.this is the ejection of any sufficiently weeak magnetic field from interior of the supereconductor as it transition into the superconducting state.

Why is Maglev importance

There are four type importance

Construction of Maglev Train

System consist of 4 major components Guide way Vehicle Power supply Track

Guideway

The guideway guides the direction of the train’s movement and bears the load of the train.

The superstructure of the guideway comprises precisely welded steel or reinforced concrete guide way beams for connecting long stators and substructure constituted by the reinforced concrete piers and foundations.

Maglev train guidewayMaglev train guidewayMaglev train guideway

Maglev train guideway

Vehicle Vehicle is the most important part of high speed maglev

system comprising levitation chassis and the magnets mounted on the chassis, secondary suspension system and vehicle section. Besides it includes such electrical appliances as on-board batteries, emergency breaking system and levitation control system.

Power Supply Power supply includes: substations, track side feeder cables switch stations and other power supply equipment.

Track The track along which the train moves is called the guide way. Both

the guide way as well as the train’s undercarriage also have magnets which repel each other. Thus the train is said to levitate about 0.39 inches on top of the guide way. After the levitation is complete, enough power has to be produced so as to move the train through the guide way. This power is given to the coils within the guide way, which in turn produces magnetic fields, which pulls and pushes the train through the guide way.

How Transrapid work

Support System

• The electromagnets on the underside of the train pull it up to the ferromagnetic stators on the track and levitate the train.

• The magnets on the side keep the train from moving from side to side.

• A computer changes the amount of current to keep the train 1 cm from the track.

This means there is no friction between the train and the track!

Lavitation system’s power supply

Batteries on the train power the system, and therefore it still functions without propulsion.

The batteries can levitate the train for 30 minutes without any additional energy.

Linear generators in the magnets on board the train use the motion of the train to recharge the batteries.

Levitation system uses less power than the trains air conditioning.

Propulsion system

No connection with track Linear Synchronous Motor used AC current in windings in the guideway Speed in controlled by frequency of the AC power High efficiency because only the section of track that the train is on

needs current

A Better Design

James Powell, and Gordon Danby invented the “Null-Flux” system

When the vehicle is at the symmetry point of the loop, the net magnetic flux through the loop circuit is zero

How does it work?

A maglev train floats about 10mm above the guidway on a magnetic field

It is propelled by the guidway itself rather than an onboard engine by changing magnetic fields

Once the train is pulled into the next section the magnetism switches so that the train is pulled on again.

The Electro-magnets run the length of the guideway.

Working System

There are two particularly notable types of maglev technology:

For electromagnetic suspension (EMS), electromagnets in the train attract it to a magnetically conductive (usually steel) track.

Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) uses electromagnets on both track and train to push the train away from the rail.

EMS In current electromagnetic suspension (EMS) systems,

the train levitates above a steel rail while electromagnets, attached to the train, are oriented toward the rail from below. The system is typically arranged on a series of C-shaped arms, with the upper portion of the arm attached to the vehicle, and the lower inside edge containing the magnets. The rail is situated between the upper and lower edges.

EDSIn electrodynamic suspension (EDS), both the rail and the train exert a magnetic field, and the train is levitated by the repulsive force between these magnetic fields. The magnetic field in the train is produced by either electromagnets or by an array of permanent magnets. The repulsive force in the track is created by an induced magnetic field in wires or other conducting strips in the track.

Advantages The German Transrapid is about 20 times safer hen airplanes 250 times safer than conventional Speeds up to 500 km/h. 700 times safer than automobile travel A accident between two maglev trains is nearly impossible because the

linear induction motors prevent trains running in opposite directions. The Maglev train doesn’t contaminate a lot. It doesn’t need any kind of fuel. It doesn’t send out any CO2.

Disadvantages

The initial cost of MAGLEV trains are highly costly. The guide paths are also supposed to be more costly than conventional steel railways.

friction. Thus the energy efficiency difference between a MAGLEV train and a conventional train is of very small margin.

PROGRESS PLAN The news last week that the U.S. govt. would distribute 90 millIon in grants for maglev planning.

Executives at the central japan railway company have a huge Ambition to connect tokyo and osaka in one hour with a new 300 mph maglev system.

The first phase of the project could open by 2025 between Tokyo and nagoya, but this segment alone would cost moreThan 50 billion to build

MAGLEV VS. CONVENTIONAL TRAINS

MAGLEV TRAINS CONVENTIONAL TRAINS

No frictin = low maintenance Routine maintenance needed

No Engine = No fuel required Engine requires fossil fuels

Speed in excess of 300 mph Speed up to 110 mph

Summary

Maglev trains use magnets to levitate and propel the trains forward.

Since there is no friction these trains can reach high speeds.

It is a safe and efficient way to travel. Governments have mixed feelings about the

technology. Some countries, like China, have embraced it and others like Germany have balked at the expense.

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