Made by Vika Kudoyarova

About ballooningBalloon is bag filled heated air or a

light gas so that it rises and floats in

the air. A balloon rises because the

heated air or gas inside is lighter

and less dense than the surrounding

air. Balloons may be captive, free

– floating or powered. A captive

balloon is anchored to the ground

by a cable. A free – floating balloon

travels in whatever direction the

wind blows. A pilot can control the

vertical movement of a manned ,

free – floating balloon but cannot

steer it. However, the pilot can

control the course of balloon light to

some degree by rising or

descending to find a wind blowing in

the desired direction. A powered

balloon is called airship. An airship

has an engine and propellers to

power it, along with rudders and

instruments.

Kinds of

balloons

There are two chief kinds of balloons: hot - air balloons and gas balloons. Hot – air balloons are used mainly for sport ballooning. Gas balloons are used for sport ballooning, scientific research, and a variety of other purposes.

Hot – air balloonsHot – air balloons rise because the

air inside the bag is warmer – and therefore lighter – than the surrounding air. Air expands when heated, which makes it lighter than an equal volume of cool air. The heat for a hot – air balloon comes from a burner produces a flame that reaches up into the bag.

The bag is a hot – air balloon is made of nylon or polyester. The size of the bag depends on the weight of the payload that the bag has to lift. The payload consists of the basket, passengers, equipment, and supplies.

 

Gas balloons

Gas balloons may be inflated with hydrogen, helium, or natural gas. Hydrogen is the lightest of all gases and so has the greatest lifting power. But hydrogen must be handled with care because highly combustible. Although helium is slightly heavier than hydrogen, it is much safer. Natural gas produces less lift than either hydrogen or helium but costs far less.

History In the late 1700s, two French papermakers, the brothers Jacques Etienne and Joseph Michel Montgolfier, began experimenting with hot – air balloons. The Montgolfiers started their experiments by filling small paper bags with smoke. They at first through the smoke made the bags ascend. But they latter learned the hot air caused the bags to rise. On June 7, 1783, the brothers sent up a large small filled balloon at a public gathering in Annonay, France. The balloon was made of cloth lined and measured 35 feet (11 meters) in diameter. Three month later, they launched a balloon that carried a duck, a rooster, and a sheep. The flight lasted about eight minutes, and the animals landed safely.

How balloons are used

Scientific uses. Expandable

balloons are widely used by

meteorologists (scientists who study

the weather). These balloons often

carry an instrument called a

radiosonde. A radiosonde has

meters that measure the

temperature, humidity, and pressure

of the air at various altitudes. It also

includes a radio, which sends the

readings to stations on the ground.

Meteorologists use this information

in forecasting the weather.

How balloons are

used Recreational uses. Gas and hot- air balloons are both used for sport ballooning. Many balloonists participate in races and rallies. Others simply like to drift peacefully over the countryside. 

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