ma renaissance

8/3/2019 Ma Renaissance

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The RenaissanceThe RenaissanceThe RenaissanceThe Renaissance


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What was the Renaissance?What was the Renaissance?

Period following the middle ages (1400-1600)

Rebirth of classical Greece and Rome

Began in Italy Moved to northern Europe

Period following the middle ages (1400-1600)

Rebirth of classical Greece and Rome

Began in Italy Moved to northern Europe


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Causes of the RenaissanceCauses of the Renaissance

Lessening of feudalism Church disrespected

Nobility in chaos

Growth of Middle Class through trade

Fall of Constantinople Greek scholars fled to Italy Education

Nostalgia among the Italians to recapture

the glory of the Roman empire

Lessening of feudalism Church disrespected

Nobility in chaos

Growth of Middle Class through trade

Fall of Constantinople Greek scholars fled to Italy Education

Nostalgia among the Italians to recapture

the glory of the Roman empire


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ObjectivesObjectives

During the middle ages Find God

Prove pre-conceived ideas

During the Renaissance Find man

Promote learning

During the middle ages Find God

Prove pre-conceived ideas

During the Renaissance Find man

Promote learning


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Northern and Late

Renaissance

Northern and Late

Renaissance

RELIGION/POLITICSRELIGION/POLITICS Reformation; muchReformation; much

political & religious violencepolitical & religious violence

IDEASIDEAS a skeptical Humanisma skeptical Humanism

ARTART a realism of everyday life:a realism of everyday life:

PORTRAITS, LANDSCAPES; oil paintingPORTRAITS, LANDSCAPES; oil painting

MUSICMUSIC conservative perfection (Palestrina)conservative perfection (Palestrina)

& new approaches (madrigals)& new approaches (madrigals)


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RenaissanceRenaissance

1st period to name itself and say nastythings about earlier times:Gothic & Dark Ages

Term means Rebirth Looking back to Classical culture

Ancient Greece and Rome

1st period to name itself and say nastythings about earlier times:Gothic & Dark Ages

Term means Rebirth Looking back to Classical culture

Ancient Greece and Rome


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Middle Ages - people were parts of a

greater whole; members of a family,

trade guild, nation, or Church

Renaissance - human beings first began

to think of themselves as individuals

Middle Ages - people were parts of a

greater whole; members of a family,

trade guild, nation, or Church

Renaissance - human beings first began

to think of themselves as individuals


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TimelineTimeline

Guttenberg Bible1456 Columbus reaches America1492

Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisac. 1503

Michelangelo: David1504

Raphael: School of Athens1505

Martin Luthers 95 theses1517

Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet1596

Guttenberg Bible1456 Columbus reaches America1492

Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisac. 1503

Michelangelo: David1504

Raphael: School of Athens1505

Martin Luthers 95 theses1517

Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet1596


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HumanismHumanism

Pursuit of individualism Recognition that humans are creative

Appreciation of art as a product of man

Basic culture needed for all

Life could be enjoyable

Love of the classical past

Pursuit of individualism Recognition that humans are creative

Appreciation of art as a product of man

Basic culture needed for all

Life could be enjoyable

Love of the classical past


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Renaissance ManRenaissance Man

Broad knowledge about many

things in different fields

Deep knowledge of skill in onearea

Able to link areas and create

new knowledge

Broad knowledge about many

things in different fields

Deep knowledge of skill in onearea

Able to link areas and create

new knowledge


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RealismRealism

That painting is the most to be

praised which agrees most

exactly with the thing imitated.

- Leonardo da Vinci

That painting is the most to be

praised which agrees most

exactly with the thing imitated.

- Leonardo da Vinci


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Names! Artists known by name 1st contemporary art historian

(1550)

Individuality celebrated in this

era

Names! Artists known by name 1st contemporary art historian

(1550)

Individuality celebrated in this

era


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ShakespeareShakespeare

Part of a general revival of theater, which wePart of a general revival of theater, which we

need to mention now, because OPERA isneed to mention now, because OPERA is

about to develop in the Baroque period.about to develop in the Baroque period.

HAMLET - 1602


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Church is still the biggestpower structure

Beginning of banking

Private fortunes & power Starts in Italy specifically

Florence

Church is still the biggestpower structure

Beginning of banking

Private fortunes & power Starts in Italy specifically

Florence


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REFORMATION

Josquin

Ave Maria . . .

1500

Michelangelo

DonatelloDavid

Leonardo

Raphael

Michelangelo

David

1400 1600

Renaissancetimeline


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SummarySummary Italian RenaissanceItalian RenaissanceSummarySummary Italian RenaissanceItalian Renaissance

POLITICS Italian city-states; power from money

EARLY RENAISSANCE Florence

HIGH RENAISSANCE Rome

ART Classical ideals revived; BIG 3

IDEAS Humanism returns

MUSIC Josquin & imitative counterpoint


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The Old WayThe Old Way

Start with a bit of chant a cantus firmus

Add a nice active line that goeswell with the cantus firmus

Add a third activeline that goes

well with thecantus firmus andthe other line


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The Emerging Way?The Emerging Way?

Still very linear in conception, especially

in its emphasis on IMITATIVECOUNTERPOINT, but more vertical in

organization? (Careful control of

dissonance; favoring triads.)


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Basic structureBasic structure

Words dominate

Tone painting

Words dominate

Tone painting


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Printed in part-book or opposing-sheet format

Intended for amateur performers (after dinner music)

English madrigal

lighter & simpler

Originated in Italy


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JosquinJosquin(to the tune of the Beatles Michelle)

Josquin, the Man,

Wrote smooth counterpoint as no one can,

That guy Josquin.


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Josquin DesprezJosquin Desprez

1st Great Composer glorified by

contemporary and following

generations

new approach to composition?


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a piece by Josquin


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Musical NotationMusical Notation

Invented to publish books of music Invented instruments

Instrumental arrangements appeared

Invented to publish books of music Invented instruments

Instrumental arrangements appeared


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The Reformation 1517The Reformation 1517

Martin Luther a composer himself Effort to reform creates new church

Sides with rulers against peasant

revolts Printing press disseminates TheWord

Boost to individualism

Consequences for music: Mass gone;

hymns

Martin Luther a composer himself Effort to reform creates new church

Sides with rulers against peasant

revolts Printing press disseminates TheWord

Boost to individualism

Consequences for music: Mass gone;

hymns


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The Counter-ReformationThe Counter-Reformation


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Giovanni PalestrinaGiovanni Palestrina

Adult life in Rome Choirmaster, singer,/ director of music

Reactionary period Church suppressed music that did not enhance words of theMass

Polyphony was distracting

Works were conservative

Adult life in Rome Choirmaster, singer,/ director of music

Reactionary period Church suppressed music that did not enhance words of theMass

Polyphony was distracting

Works were conservative


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Giovanni PalestrinaGiovanni Palestrina

Wrote over100 masses

Gregorian chant

Mass in Honor of Pope Marcellus

Influenced later music

Buried in St. Peters Basilica

The Prince of Music

Wrote over100 masses

Gregorian chant

Mass in Honor of Pope Marcellus

Influenced later music

Buried in St. Peters Basilica

The Prince of Music


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PalestrinaPalestrina

Chant a source of musical materials (revival & last

gasp ofcantus firmus technique)

Very refined; no text painting

Repetition avoided

16th

Century Counterpoint still taught today why? To teach control, focus & line

We usually celebrate innovators in history

Palestrina was a consolidator and perfecter of a

soon-to-fade style


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Palestrina a storyPalestrina a story

The Church was about to ban polyphonic music from thechurch, because it obscured the sacred text.

In response, Palestrina then composed the Missa Papae

Marcelli, which, depite its 6-part texture, features very clear

text-setting.

The powers-that-be heard its merit & beauty and music was

SAVED!

Charming story, often told, but alas not true.


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Secular MusicSecular Music

New instruments

Chansons favored in thecourt

Courtly Love Madrigals

Poetry and Music

New instruments

Chansons favored in thecourt

Courtly Love Madrigals

Poetry and Music


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Music at

Court

Music at

Court

DancesDances

Instrumentation unspecified; usually aconsort (group) of a family ofinstruments of uniform timbre

Dances are collected into suites(Baroque) which evolve into symphonies(Classical)

Instrumentation unspecified; usually aconsort (group) of a family ofinstruments of uniform timbre

Dances are collected into suites(Baroque) which evolve into symphonies(Classical)


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Instrumental MusicInstrumental Music

Still subordinate to vocal music Used more often to accompany voices

Sometimes played adapted vocal music alone

Published music stated that parts could besung or played

Dancing became ever more popular

Composers did not specify instrumentation

Still subordinate to vocal music Used more often to accompany voices

Sometimes played adapted vocal music alone

Published music stated that parts could besung or played

Dancing became ever more popular

Composers did not specify instrumentation


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Music at Court

Origin of term obscure

A type of song for multiple voice parts

Text is a rhyming poem, usually with

sections of repetition & is usually about

Love

MadrigalsMadrigals


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Music at Court

MadrigalsMadrigals

Popular-at-court-&-wealthy-homesmusic

In Italy and England

Participatory, not passive music text-painting

importance of words

homorhythmic texture

Popular-at-court-&-wealthy-homesmusic

In Italy and England

Participatory, not passive music text-painting

importance of words

homorhythmic texture

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