MULTIMEDIA ISSUESMULTIMEDIA ISSUES

Professor Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEEProfessor Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

NETWORK ARCHITECTURENETWORK ARCHITECTURE

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

STANDARDS

GROUPS

STANDARDS

GROUPS

TRAFFIC

STREAMS

TRAFFIC

STREAMS

MULTIMEDIA

SERVICES

MULTIMEDIA

SERVICES

SERVICES

REQUIREMENTS

SERVICES

REQUIREMENTS

MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION

MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION

PERFORMANCE

ISSUES

PERFORMANCE

ISSUES

Multimedia Issues

BANDWIDTH /

CAPACITY

BANDWIDTH /

CAPACITY

SUGGESTED

WORK

SUGGESTED

WORK

DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

MULTIMEDIA

WORKSTATIONS:HQ Audio Video

Coding & Display

MULTIMEDIA

WORKSTATIONS:HQ Audio Video

Coding & Display

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

HIGHER

SPEED

UTP

HIGHER

SPEED

UTP

LAN SUPPORT

LAN SUPPORT

ATM ATM

OPTICAL

FIBRE CABLES

OPTICAL

FIBRE CABLES

NEW MOBILE

RADIO SYSTEMS

NEW MOBILE

RADIO SYSTEMS

FIXED

CELLULAR

SYSTEMS:

Radio Links

FIXED

CELLULAR

SYSTEMS:

Radio Links

COMPRESSION COMPRESSION

Multimedia Issues

BANDWIDTH / CAPACITYBANDWIDTH / CAPACITY

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

Capacity bps

Banwidth HzLn

SignalPower

NoisePower

[ ]

[ ]( 1 )

Capacity bps

Banwidth HzLn

SignalPower

NoisePower

[ ]

[ ]( 1 )

DDRAWRAW CCURVEURVE ( C / B , S / N )( C / B , S / N )DDRAWRAW CCURVEURVE ( C / B , S / N )( C / B , S / N )

Multimedia Issues

ITU / ATM FORUMITU / ATM FORUM

STANDARDS GROUPSSTANDARDS GROUPS

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

Multimedia Services

JPEG / MPEGJPEG / MPEG

IMA / MMCFIMA / MMCF

ITU / ATM FORUMITU / ATM FORUM

INTERNATIONAL

TELECOMMUNICATION

UNION “ITU”:

• Radio: ITU-R

•Telecom.:ITU-T

•Develop.: ITU-D

INTERNATIONAL

TELECOMMUNICATION

UNION “ITU”:

• Radio: ITU-R

•Telecom.:ITU-T

•Develop.: ITU-D

ASYNCHRONOUCE

TRANSFER MODE

FORUM An Industrial Group

(Telephone Companies / Computer Vendors)

to Guide the Future of ATM

ASYNCHRONOUCE

TRANSFER MODE

FORUM An Industrial Group

(Telephone Companies / Computer Vendors)

to Guide the Future of ATM

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

Standard Groups

Multimedia Issues

JPEG / MPEGJPEG / MPEG

JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC

EXPERT GROUP:

Compression Standards for Still

(Photographic) Pictures

JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC

EXPERT GROUP:

Compression Standards for Still

(Photographic) Pictures

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

MOTION PICTURE

EXPERT GROUP:

Compression Standards for

Motion Pictures (Video /

Audio)

MOTION PICTURE

EXPERT GROUP:

Compression Standards for

Motion Pictures (Video /

Audio)Standard Groups

Multimedia Issues

IMA / MMCFIMA / MMCF

INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA

ASSOCIATION

INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA

ASSOCIATION

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS FORUM

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS FORUM

Promoting multimedia

applications and communications.

Reducing barriers to the widespread use of multimedia

technology

Promoting multimedia

applications and communications.

Reducing barriers to the widespread use of multimedia

technology

Standard Groups

Multimedia Issues

MESSAGING SERVICESMESSAGING SERVICES

RETRIEVAL SERVICESRETRIEVAL SERVICES

CONVERSATIONAL SERVICESCONVERSATIONAL SERVICES

DISTRIBUTION SERVICESDISTRIBUTION SERVICES

MULTIMEDIA SERVICESMULTIMEDIA SERVICES

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

Multimedia Services

MIXED DOCUMENT:

Text / Graphics / Still, Moving

Pictures / Voice Annotation

MIXED DOCUMENT:

Text / Graphics / Still, Moving

Pictures / Voice Annotation

DOCUMENT

MAIL

SERVICE

DOCUMENT

MAIL

SERVICE

MESSAGING SERVICESMESSAGING SERVICES

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

Multimedia Services

BROADBAND VIDEOTEX:

Remote Education / News / Tele-Shoping

BROADBAND VIDEOTEX:

Remote Education / News / Tele-Shoping

VIDEO RETRIEVAL:

Entertainment

VIDEO RETRIEVAL:

Entertainment

RETRIEVAL SERVICESRETRIEVAL SERVICES

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

Multimedia Services

MIXED DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL: Archives..

MIXED DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL: Archives..

HIGH-RESOLUTION

IMAGE RETRIEVAL:

Medical Images

HIGH-RESOLUTION

IMAGE RETRIEVAL:

Medical Images

DATA RETRIEVAL: Tele-SoftwareDATA RETRIEVAL: Tele-Software

BROADBAND

VIDEOTELEPHONY /

VIDEOCONFERENCING

BROADBAND

VIDEOTELEPHONY /

VIDEOCONFERENCING

VIDEO

SURVEILLANCE

VIDEO

SURVEILLANCE

CONVERSATIONAL SERVICESCONVERSATIONAL SERVICES

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

Multimedia Services

HIGH SPEED

TELEFAX /

TELEACTION

HIGH SPEED

TELEFAX /

TELEACTION

HIGH RESOLUTION

IMAGE COMMUNICATION

HIGH RESOLUTION

IMAGE COMMUNICATION

QUALITY TV DISTRIBUTION:

NTSC / PAL / SECAM

QUALITY TV DISTRIBUTION:

NTSC / PAL / SECAM

TV: PAY

PER VIEW

TV: PAY

PER VIEW

ELECTRONIC

PUBLISHING

ELECTRONIC

PUBLISHING

DISTRIBUTION SERVICESDISTRIBUTION SERVICES

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

Multimedia Services

NEWS

RETRIEVAL

NEWS

RETRIEVAL

VIDEO

DISTRIBUTION

VIDEO

DISTRIBUTION

CBR / DBRCBR / DBR

VBR / SBRVBR / SBR

ABR ABR UBRUBR

TRAFFIC STREAMSTRAFFIC STREAMS

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

CBR: CONSTANT BIT RATE: ATM FORUM

DBR: DETERMINISTIC BIT RATE: ITU-T

CBR: CONSTANT BIT RATE: ATM FORUM

DBR: DETERMINISTIC BIT RATE: ITU-T

DEFINITION: Requires fixed amount

of bandwidth to be continuously available during connection’s

lifetime.

DEFINITION: Requires fixed amount

of bandwidth to be continuously available during connection’s

lifetime.

EXAMPLE:

64 kbps Speech Connection

Circuit in Circuit Switching

EXAMPLE:

64 kbps Speech Connection

Circuit in Circuit Switching

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

Traffic Streams

Multimedia Issues

VBR: VARIABLE BIT RATE: ATM FORUM

SBR: STATISTICAL BIT RATE: ITU-T

VBR: VARIABLE BIT RATE: ATM FORUM

SBR: STATISTICAL BIT RATE: ITU-T

VBR REAL TIME: with real time requirements,

such as Real Time Videoconferencing

VBR REAL TIME: with real time requirements,

such as Real Time Videoconferencing

DEFINITION:

Requires variable / changing banwidth

DEFINITION:

Requires variable / changing banwidth

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

VBR NON REAL TIME:

Such as Multimedia E-mail

VBR NON REAL TIME:

Such as Multimedia E-mail

Traffic Streams

Multimedia Issues

ABR: AVAILABLE BIT RATE BOTH: ATM FORUM /

ITU-T

ABR: AVAILABLE BIT RATE BOTH: ATM FORUM /

ITU-T

COMPROMISE BETWEEN: Capacity to handle

peak load (low utilization at times / higher cost). Minimal capacity (congestion, lower cost)

COMPROMISE BETWEEN: Capacity to handle

peak load (low utilization at times / higher cost). Minimal capacity (congestion, lower cost)

DEFINITION: For “Bursty

Traffic” whose banwidth range

is roughly known

DEFINITION: For “Bursty

Traffic” whose banwidth range

is roughly known

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

EXAMPLE: Web Browsing EXAMPLE: Web Browsing

Traffic Streams

Multimedia Issues

UBR: UNSPECIFIED BIT RATE: ATM FORUM

UBR: UNSPECIFIED BIT RATE: ATM FORUM

DEFINITION: Traffic with low cost objective /

No performance promises

DEFINITION: Traffic with low cost objective /

No performance promises

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

EXAMPLE:

Background Traffic such as E-Mail

File Transfer

EXAMPLE:

Background Traffic such as E-Mail

File Transfer

Traffic Streams

Multimedia Issues

EVALUATIONSEVALUATIONS

Saad Haj Bakryj 0

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SERVICES CHARACTERISTICS

Network Architecture

ABR UBRVBR- NRT

VBR- RT

CBR

Optio nal NYYY

N

Y

Y

N

Y

N

N

Y

N

Y

N

N

Y

N

N

BW Guarantee

RT Traffic

Bursty Traffic

Cong. Feedback

Traffic Streams

Multimedia Issues

SERVICES

SERVICES

SERVICES REQUIREMENTS: (1/2)SERVICES REQUIREMENTS: (1/2)

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

VIDEOCONFERENCINGVIDEOCONFERENCING

BROADBAND VIDEOTEX / RETBROADBAND VIDEOTEX / RET

DOCUMENT TRANSFER / RETDOCUMENT TRANSFER / RET

DATA TRANSMISSIONDATA TRANSMISSION

PEAK: (Mbps)

PEAK: (Mbps)

BURSTNESS: Peak / Average

BURSTNESS: Peak / Average

1-100 1-100

1-50 1-50

1-101-10

1-101-10

1-501-50

1-201-20

1-51-5

1-201-20

Multimedia Issues

SERVICES

SERVICES

SERVICES REQUIREMENTS: (2/2)SERVICES REQUIREMENTS: (2/2)

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

TV CONTRIBUTIONTV CONTRIBUTION

3D MOVING IMAGES3D MOVING IMAGES

HDTV DISTRIBUTIONHDTV DISTRIBUTION

TV DISTRIBUTIONTV DISTRIBUTION

PEAK: (Mbps)

PEAK: (Mbps)

BURSTNESS: Peak / Average

BURSTNESS: Peak / Average

1-51-5

30 / More30 / More

up to 100up to 100

100 (s)100 (s)

11

11

11

11

Multimedia Issues

AUDIO

STANDARDS

AUDIO

STANDARDS

VIDEO STANDARDSVIDEO STANDARDSDATA

STANDARDS

DATA

STANDARDS

VIDEO

CHARACTERISTICS

VIDEO

CHARACTERISTICS

MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSIONMULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

AUDIO STANDARDSAUDIO STANDARDS

Saad Haj Bakryj 0

in f .

CASE

Network Architecture

COMPRESSED

kbps

UN-COMP. kbps

BW kHz

192153620

7

3.2

CD AUDIO

FM STEREO

WIDEBAND AUDIO

PCM

15 128

64

64

1536

128

64

Compression

Multimedia Issues

VIDEO CHARACTERISTICSVIDEO CHARACTERISTICS

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

ACTIVITIES IN THE

CAPTURED SCENE

ACTIVITIES IN THE

CAPTURED SCENE REQUIRED QUALITY

REQUIRED QUALITY

FRAMES / SEC: 25 / 75 FRAMES / SEC: 25 / 75

INTERLACING INTERLACING

LINES / FRAME:

LINES / FRAME:

PIXELS / LINE:

PIXELS / LINE:

BITS / PIXEL: 8 / 24

BITS / PIXEL: 8 / 24

VGA: 640x480 SVGA: 800x600

XGA:1024x768 x (25)x(24) = 742 Mbps

VGA: 640x480 SVGA: 800x600

XGA:1024x768 x (25)x(24) = 742 Mbps

Compression

Multimedia Issues

USING MPEG-1 STANDARDSUSING MPEG-1 STANDARDS

Saad Haj Bakryj 0

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Network Architecture

CASECOMPRE

SSEDNON-

COMPRES.XxY Array

4 / 9 Mbps83 Mbps720x480

41 Mbps

20.5 Mbps

TV Quality

Cable TV Quality

Low Rate Videoconference

Quality

360x480

360x240

30 Frames / Second

30 Frames / Second

8 bits / sample : pixel 8 bits / sample : pixel

2 / 4 Mbps

384 kbps / 1.5 Mbps

Compression

Multimedia Issues

DATA STANDARDSDATA STANDARDS

Saad Haj Bakryj 0

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CASE:

8.5"x11"

Network Architecture

Non-Compressed

Mbps

0.029ASCII Text

Color Page

Medium Res.

High Res.

Graphics Qual.

Compression Ratio

2 / 4

10 / 20

10 / 20

10 / 20

10 / 20

90

359

1436

5744Compression

Multimedia Issues

BASIC PRINCIPLESBASIC PRINCIPLES

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTSPERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

PERFORMANCE ISSUESPERFORMANCE ISSUES

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

IMPORTANCE OF

“NATURAL FEEL” &

“USER SATISFACTION”

IMPORTANCE OF

“NATURAL FEEL” &

“USER SATISFACTION”

DELAY SENSITIVITY:

End- to-End

Deviation from Average (Jitter)

Audio / Video “Lip Synchronization

DELAY SENSITIVITY:

End- to-End

Deviation from Average (Jitter)

Audio / Video “Lip Synchronization

BASIC PRINCIPLESBASIC PRINCIPLES

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

Performance Issues

Multimedia Issues

LOSS SENSITIVITY: Bit Error Rate: BER / ATM

Cell-Loss Rate: CLR

LOSS SENSITIVITY: Bit Error Rate: BER / ATM

Cell-Loss Rate: CLR

REAL TIME AUDIO / VIDEO END-TO-END DELAY:

100 - 200 millisecond

REAL TIME AUDIO / VIDEO END-TO-END DELAY:

100 - 200 millisecond

PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTSPERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture

Performance Issues

Multimedia Issues

END-TO-END JITTER DELAY:

Less than 250 microsecond

END-TO-END JITTER DELAY:

Less than 250 microsecond

AUDIO / VIDEO DIFFERENTIAL DELAY:

(-20)-(+40) millisecond

AUDIO / VIDEO DIFFERENTIAL DELAY:

(-20)-(+40) millisecond

OBJECT RETRIEVAL

RESPONSE: 1-2 seconds

OBJECT RETRIEVAL

RESPONSE: 1-2 seconds

DOCUMENT BROWSING:

0.5 second

DOCUMENT BROWSING:

0.5 second

ACCEPTABLE LOSS:

1 cell every 40 min - 1 hour

ACCEPTABLE LOSS:

1 cell every 40 min - 1 hour

CODING / COMPRESSION

TECHNIQUES

CODING / COMPRESSION

TECHNIQUES

COMPLETE MULTIMEDIA

TRANSACTIONS

COMPLETE MULTIMEDIA

TRANSACTIONS

SUGGESTED WORKSUGGESTED WORK

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

DETAILED STANDARDS

DETAILED STANDARDS

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

METHODS

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

METHODS

ENCRYPTION

ISSUES

ENCRYPTION

ISSUESCOMMUNICATION

SYSTEMS

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

REFERENCES: 1/2REFERENCES: 1/2

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks,

3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1996

A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks,

3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1996

W. Stallings, High Speed Networks: TCP/IP & ATM

Design Principles, Prentice Hall, 1998

W. Stallings, High Speed Networks: TCP/IP & ATM

Design Principles, Prentice Hall, 1998

R. Handel, M.N. Huber, S. Schroder ATM Networks: Concepts, Protocols, Applications, 3rd Ed.,

Addison-Wesley, 1998

R. Handel, M.N. Huber, S. Schroder ATM Networks: Concepts, Protocols, Applications, 3rd Ed.,

Addison-Wesley, 1998

REFERENCES: 2/2REFERENCES: 2/2

Saad Haj Bakry

Network Architecture Multimedia Issues

R. Lloyd-Evans, Wide Area Network Performance and

Optimization, Addison Wesley, 1996

R. Lloyd-Evans, Wide Area Network Performance and

Optimization, Addison Wesley, 1996

D. Ginsburg, ATM Solutions for

Enterprise Internetworking , Addison Wesley, 1996

D. Ginsburg, ATM Solutions for

Enterprise Internetworking , Addison Wesley, 1996

R. R. Roy, Networking Constraints in Multimedia Conferencing and The Role of ATM Networks,

AT&T Technical Journal, Vol. 73, No.4, July / Augest 1994, pp. 97-108

R. R. Roy, Networking Constraints in Multimedia Conferencing and The Role of ATM Networks,

AT&T Technical Journal, Vol. 73, No.4, July / Augest 1994, pp. 97-108