m-tlm-j-w- · vol. 27 issue 11 fortnightly february 1, 2016 page 24 ` 5 psc bulletin, official...
TRANSCRIPT
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Vol. 27 Issue 11 Fortnightly February 1, 2016 Page 24 ` 5
PSC Bulletin, Official Publication of Kerala Public Service Commission
SINCE 1985
website: www.keralapsc.gov.in E-mail: [email protected] Circulation : 0471-2546270
]n.-F-kv.-kn.-bn¬- hn-]p-eam-bdn-∏-ªn-Iv- Zn-\m-tLm-j-w-`m-c-X-Øn-s‚- 67 mw- dn-∏-ªn-Iv- Zn-\m-tLm-j-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n-®v- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- B-ÿm-\-Øv-\-S-∂- N-S-ßn¬- I-Ωn-j-≥ Aw-Kw- ]n.-P-ao-e- tZ-io-b- ]-Xm-I- D-b¿-Øn.- Xp-S¿-∂v- ]n.- P-ao-e-bp-sS- A-[y-£-X-bn¬- tN¿-∂- tbm-K-Øn¬- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- saw-_¿-am-cm-b sI.-sI.-c-a-Wn,- s{]m-^.-F-≥.-sk¬-h-cm-Pv,- tUm.-]n.-tam-l-≥Zm-kv,- A-Uz.- hn.-F-kv.-l-co-{µ-\m-Yv- F-∂n-h¿- dn-∏-ªn-Iv- Zn-\- B-iw-k-Iƒ- t\¿-∂p.- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- sk-{I-´-dn- km-Pp- tPm¿-Pv- N-S-ßn¬- kzm-K-X-am-iw-kn-®p.- F-Ãm-ªn-jv-sa-‚ v- hn-`m-Kw- sU-]yq-´n- sk-{I-´-dn- F.- c-ho-{µ-≥ \m-b¿- Ir-X-⁄-X- A¿-∏n-®p.- A-Uo-j-W¬- sk-{I-´-dn-am-cm-b- ]n.-k-Xo-jv-Ip-am¿,- Un.-Ko-Xm-Ip-am-cn,- tPm-bn-‚ v- sk-{I-´-dn-am-cm-b- sI.-]n.-X-¶-a-Wn- A-Ω,- F-≥.- \m-cm-b-W- i¿-a,- hn¬-k-¨- tPm¿-Pv,- B¿.-Ko-X,- F.-ap-Po-_v-,- ]-ªn-Iv- dn-te-j-≥kv- Hm-^o-k¿- F.-c-a-W-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cpw- a-‰v- D-tZym-K-ÿ-cpw-N-S-ßn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Øp.-
-_m-ly- kzm-[o-\-߃-°pw- k-Ω¿-±-߃-°pw- hn-t[-b-am-Im-sX- kp-Xm-cy-X-tbm-Spw- \n-jv-]-£-X-tbm-Spw- Iq-Sn-bp-≈- {]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-eq-sS- k-a¿-Y-cm-b- D-tZym-Km¿-∞n-I-sf- Xn-c-s™-Sp-Øv-kp-i-‡-am-b- H-cp- kn-hn¬- k¿-ho-kn-s\- tI-c-f- kw-ÿm-\-Øv- sI-´n-∏-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ]-ªn-Iv-k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωn-j-\v- F-°m-e-hpw- I-gn-™n-´p-s≠-∂v- A-[y-£- {]-kw-K-Øn¬- ]n.-P-ao-e- ]-d-™p.- k-Xy-k-‘-hpw- Im-cy-£-a-hp-am-b- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sS- ]n.-F-kv.-kn.- ssI-h-cn-®- Hu-∂-Xy-hpw- b-i- pw- hn-izm-ky-X-bpw- P-\-a-[y-Øn¬,- {]-tXy-In-®v- bp-h-P-\-߃-°n-S-bn¬,- Xp-S¿-∂pw- \n-e-\n¿-Øm-≥ Po-h-\-°m¿-°p- I-gn-b-s´- F-∂v- A-h¿- B-iw-kn-®p.-
-tZ-io-b- {]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬- cq-]-s∏-´- a-l-Øm-b- B-Z¿-i-ß-fpw- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- aq-ey-߃- D-b¿-Øn-∏n-Sn-°m-≥ ]-cym-]v-X-am-b- X-c-Øn-ep-≈- _-lp-hn-[-am-b- A-h-Im-i-ß-fpw- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂- H-∂m-Wv- `m-c-X-Øn-s‚- `-c-W-L-S-\-sb-∂pw,- cm-jv-{Sw- {]-Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ- t\-cn-Sp-∂- L-´-ß-fn¬- B- aq-ey-ß-fpw- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- A-¥-:-k-Ø-bpw- ]-cn-c-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- X-c-Øn¬- {]-h¿-Øn-°m-≥ Hm-tcm- D-tZym-K-ÿ-\pw- {]-Xn-⁄m-_-≤-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂pw- dn-∏-ªn-Iv- Zn-\-k-tµ-i-Øn¬- s{]m-^.- F.- sk¬-h-cm-Pv- Hm¿-Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn.-
-tkm-jy-en-kw,- ]-c-am-[n-Im-cw,- a-tX-X-c-Xzw- Xp-S-ßn- A-\-h-[n- - X-Øz-߃- C-¥y-≥ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬- k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fm-sW-∂pw- A-h- i-‡n-a-Øm-Ip-∂-Xv- D-tZym-K-ÿ-cp-sS- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-tØm-Spw- Im-cy-£-a-X-tbm-Spw- Iq-Sn-bp-≈- {]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-eq-sS-bm-sW-∂pw- tUm.- ]n.-tam-l-≥Zm-kv- ]-d-™p.- C-¥y-≥ dn-∏-ªn-Iv- hn-̀ m-h-\w- sN-øp-∂- a-l-Øm-b- aq-ey-߃- km-am-\y- P-\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°m-≥ Po-h-\-°m¿-°v- Iq-́ m-b- b-Xv-\-Øn-eq-sS- I-gn-b-s -́ F-∂v- A-t±-lw- B-iw-kn-®p.-
-]-cn-an-Xn-I-sf- A-Xn-Po-hn-®p-sIm-≠pw- e-`y-am-b- hn-`-h-ti-jn-sb- ]-c-am-h-[n- {]-tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠pw- C-¥y-≥ dn-∏-ªn-Iv- t£-a-Im-cy-ß-fn-epw- hn-I-k-\-]-≤-Xn-I-fn-epw- tem-I-cm-Py-߃-°v- am-Xr-I-bm-bn-Øo¿-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.- C°m-cy-Øn¬- F√m- `m-cXo-b¿-°pw- Cu- dn-∏ªn-Iv-Zn-\m-tLm-jthfbn¬- A`n-am-\Øn-\v- hIbp-s≠∂pw-- k-tµ-i-Øn¬- A-Uz.- hn.-F-kv.-l-co-{µ-\m-Yv- ]-d-™p.- Xym-K-\n¿-`-c-am-b- t]m-cm-´-ß-fn-eq-sS- tZ-io-b- {]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- km-c-Yn-Iƒ- t\-Sn-Ø-∂- kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-s‚- Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn- `-c-W-L-S-\m- \n¿-am-Xm-°ƒ- C-¥y-bv-°m-bn- Xn-c-s™-Sp-Ø- hy-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- ]m¿-e-sa-‚-dn- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- kw-hn-[m-\-sa-∂pw- B- `-c-W-{I-a-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\- L-S-I-ß-fn-sem-∂m-b- kz-X-{¥- kn-hn¬- k¿-ho-kv- hm¿-sØ-Sp-t°-≠- I¿-Ø-hyw- A-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-b- ÿm-]-\-am-Wv- ]-ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- I-Ωn-j-s\-∂pw- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-tØm-sS-bpw- A¿-∏-W-t_m-[-tØm-sS-bpw- B- I-S-a- \n-d-th-‰m-≥ \ap-°v-- I-gn-b-W-sa-∂pw-A-t±-lw- Iq-´n-t®¿-Øp.- ]n-Fkv-kn- Po-h\°m-cp-sS hn-]p-eam-b km-∂n-[yw- BtLm-j]cn-]m-Sn-sb {it≤bam-°n.-
Hm¨sse≥ ]co£m- Ie≠¿˛am¿®v ae-bmf kmlnXyw tIc-f-N-cn-{Xhpw h¿j-ßfpw C¥y≥ s]mfn‰n ae-bmfw ]e tNmZyw Hcp D-Øcw temI-cm-Py-߃ C¥y≥ kwÿm-\-߃ B[p-\nI C¥y ^mIvSv -ss^≥U¿ {]mNo\ C¥y thƒUv tPm{K^n ka-Im-enIw
Dƒt∏-Pp-I-fn¬
dn-∏ªn-Iv- Zn-\Øn¬- ]n-Fkv-kn- Bÿm-\Øv- IΩn-j≥- Aw-Kw-]n- Pao-e tZio-b ]Xm-I Db¿-Øp-∂p.- ]n-Fkv-kn- sk{I´dn-
km-Pp- tPm¿-Pv-, IΩn-j≥- Aw-Kßfm-b tUm.- ]n- tam-l≥-Zm-kv-,s{]m-^.- F≥- sk¬-hcm-Pv,- AUz-.- hn- Fkv- lco-{µ\m-Yv,-
sI sI caWn F∂n-h¿- kao-]w.-
s]m-Xp-hn-⁄m-\w-{]tXy-I ]Xn-∏v-
-
2 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 s^{_p-hcn- 1
{io.- Atim-I≥- Ncp-hn¬ ˛ sNb¿-am≥saº¿-, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥
tUm.- sI Djsaº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥
{io.- ]n- in-hZm-k≥-saº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥
{io-aXn.- kn-an- tdm-kv-s_¬- tPm¨-saº¿, tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥
AUz.- C cho-{µ\m-Y≥-saº¿,- tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-∆o-kv- IΩo-j≥
]{Xm[n]kanXn
81604 hscbp≈ hcn°mcpsS Imemh[n s^{_p-hcn- -1
e-°tØmsSbmWv Ahkm\n°p∂Xv
hcnkwJy (\qdpcq])
aWn-tbm¿U-dmbn Abt°≠ hnemkw:
]ªn-Iv- dn-tej≥-kv- Hm-^o-k¿,-
tIcf ]ªn-Iv- k¿-ho-kv- IΩnj≥,-
]´w- ]m-ekv- ]n.-H., Xn-cp-h\¥]p-cw-˛695004h-cn-°m¿- _p-≈-‰n-≥ kw-_-‘n-®v- I-sØ-gp-Xp-tºm-gpw-t^m-¨- sN-øp-tºm-gpw- _p-≈-‰n-\n-s‚- te-_-en-ep-≈-
k-_v-kv-ss{I-_¿- \-º¿- Ir-Xy-am-bn- kq-Nn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.-
hcn°mcpsS {i≤bv°v
]ªnIv dntej≥kv Hm^ok¿{io.-F caW≥,- t^m¨ : 0471 2546368 OR 9446412483
k¿°ptej≥ (]n.B¿.bqWn‰v): 0471 2546270
H‰ØhW cPn-kvt-{Sj≥-t^m-t´m- kw-_\v-[n-® \n¿-t±i߃-
1.-1.-2012 ap-X¬- {]m-_-ey-Øn-ep-≈- h-¨-˛-ssSw- c-Pn-kv-t{S-j-≥, - I -Ωo -j-s‚- Hu -tZym -Kn -I - sh-_v -ssk-‰m -bwww.keralapsc.gov.in hgn- \SØn-btijam-Wv- DtZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- hn-hn-[ Xkv-Xn-IIƒ-°m-bn- At]£ ka¿-∏n-t°≠Xv.- t^m-t´m- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-tºmƒ- ]co-£m¿-Xv-Yn-Iƒ- Xm-sg ]dbp-∂ Im-cy-߃- {]tXy-Iw- {i≤n-t°≠Xm-Wv.-1.- t^m-t´m-bn¬- DtZym-Km¿-Xv-Yn-bp-sS t]cpw- t^m-t´m FSp-
Ø Xo-bXn-bpw- ]Xn-®n-cn-°Ww.2. -- IΩo-j≥- ]p-ds∏Sp-hn-°p-∂ hn-⁄m-]\߃- {]Im-
cw- DtZym-Km¿-∞n-Iƒ- At]£ ka¿-∏n-°p-tºmƒ- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-∂ t^m-t´mbv-°v- 10 h¿-jtØbv-°v- {]m-_ey-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.-- -
3. ]co-£m¿-XvYn-bp-sS ap-Jhpw- tXm-fp-Ifp-sS ap-Iƒ-̀ m-Khpw-hy-Iv-Xam-bn- ]Xn-™n-cn-°Ø° hn-[Øn-ep-≈ ]m-kv-t]m¿-´v- sskkn-ep-≈ If¿-/ªm-°v- & ssh‰v- t^m-t´m-bm-bn-cn-°Ww.-
4. -shfp-ØtXm- Cfw- \n-dØn-tem- D≈ ]iv-Nm-ØeØn¬-Cfw- \n-dØn-ep-≈ hkv-{Xw- [cn-®v- FSp-Ø t^m-t´m-bm-bn-cn-°Ww.-
5.- ap-Jw- t\scbpw- ]q¿-Æam-bpw- t^m-t´m-bp-sS a≤y-̀ m-KØv-]Xn-™n-cn-°Ww.-
6.- IÆp-Iƒ- hy-Iv-Xam-bn- Im-WØ° hn-[Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww.-7.- A]v-tem-Uv- sNøp-∂ t^m-t´m-Iƒ- 200 ]n-Iv-sk¬- h x 150
]n-Iv-sk¬- w D≈Xpw- JPG t^m¿-am-‰n-ep-≈Xpw- 30 KB^b¬ sskkn¬- A[n-Icn-°m-ØXp-am-bn-cn-°Ww.-
8.- k¨-•m-kv,- sXm-∏n- F∂n-h [cn-®v- FSp-ØXpw- ap-JØn-s≥-d Hcp- hiw- am-{Xw- Im-WØ°hn-[ap-≈Xpw- ap-Jw- hy-Iv-Xa√m-ØXp-am-b t^m-t´m-Iƒ- kzo-Im-cy-a√.
9.- ""aXm-Nm-cØn-s≥-d ̀ m-Kam-bn- sXm-∏n-/in-tcm-hkv-{Xw- [cn-®v- FSp-Ø t^m-t´m- a‰v- \n¿-t±ißf\p-kcn-®m-sW¶n¬-kzo-Im-cy-am-Wv.-
t]cpw-t^m-t´m-FSp-Ø Xo-bXn-bpw-
tIcf ]ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩo-j≥ ap≥ saw_¿_n.-sN-√≥ (84 hb- v) 2016 P\p-hcn 17 \v A¥-cn-®p. 1985˛-91 Ime-b-f-hn¬ ]n.-F-kv.-kn. saw_-dm-bn-cp-∂p. Aa-c-hnf kn.-F-kv.-sF. k`m sk{I-´-dn, Kh. sk{I-t´-dn-b‰v \nb-a-h-Ip∏v tPmbn‚ vsk{I-´-dn, hvfmØm-¶c hrµm-h≥ sslkvIqƒslUvam-ÿ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v.
]n.F-kv.-kn. AwKw ]n.-P-ao-e-bpsS A[-y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ tbmKw _n.-sN-√s‚ \nc-ym-W-Øn¬A\p-tim-N\w tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw IΩo-j-\p-th≠n At±-l-a¿∏n® tkh-\-ßsf A\p-kva-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tbmK-Øn¬ IΩo-j≥ AwK-ßfpw ]n.F-kv.-kn. DtZ-ym-K-ÿcpw k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p.
]n.-F-kv.-kn. ap≥ saw_¿ _n. sN√≥ A¥-cn®p
AUvan-j≥ Sn°‰v Uu¨temUv sNøp-∂DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°v am{Xw ]co£m tI{µw
IΩo-j≥ \S-Øp∂ Hmtcm XkvXn-I-bp-tSbpw ]co-£bv°v icm-icn 50˛55% DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ am{Xta lmP-cm-Ip-∂p-≈p. F∂m¬, At]£ Ab-°p∂ F√m DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°pw]co£m tI{µ-߃ k÷o-I-cn-t°≠n hcp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ̀ oa-amb ]mgvs®-e-hn\v AXv CS-bm-°p-∂p.AXn-\m¬ \ne-hnse coXn am‰n AUvan-j≥ Sn°‰v Uu¨temUv sNøp-∂-h¿°v am{Xw ]co£mtI{µw k÷o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v IΩo-j≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm ]co-£bv°pw AUvan-j≥Sn°‰v Uu¨temUv sNøp-∂-Xn\v 15 Znh-ksØ Imem-h[n A\p-h-Zn-°pw. Cu ka-b-]-cn[n ap≥Iq-´n-sØs∂ DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Isf Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ]co£m Ie-≠¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-tºmƒHmtcm ]co-£bv°pw AUvan-j≥ Sn°‰v Uu¨temUv sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ XobXn IqSn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂Xn\pw IΩo-j≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. ̀ n∂-ti-jn-bp-≈-h¿°pw kv{XoIƒ°pw ]c-am-h[n kuI-c-y-{]-Z-amb ]co£m tI{µ-߃ A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°pw Cu am‰w G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.
lmƒ Sn°-‰n¬ _m¿ tImUv, Fwªw F∂nhhy-‡am-bn-cn-°Ww
tIcf ]ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩo-j≥ \S-Øp∂ ]co-£-I-fn¬ Nne DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ _m¿tIm-Uv, sI.-]n.-F-kv.-kn. bpsS Fwªw apX-em-bh C√mØ AUvan-j≥ Sn°‰v lmP-cm°n ]co£Fgp-Xp-∂--Xmbn IΩo-js‚ {i≤-bn-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu kml-N-c-y-Øn¬ _m¿-tIm-Uv, sI.-]n.-F-kv.-kn. bpsS Fwªw F∂nh C√mØ Uu¨temUv sNbvX AUvan-j≥ Sn°‰v lmP-cm-°p∂ DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-I-sf bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw ]co£ Fgp-Xm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-X√
]n.-F-kv.-kn. sXc-s™-Sp∏n¬ hne°vtIcf ]ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩo-js‚ hnhn[ sXc-s™-Sp∏v \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v_m_p-cm-P≥.-sI,-]-\-h-f-∏n¬ lukv, Ip‰q¿.-]n.-H. Fw.-Fw.-_-km¿, IÆq¿˛670306 F∂ DtZ-ym-Km¿∞nsb ]co£m lmfn¬ samss_¬ D]-tbm-Kn®p F∂ ImcW-Øm¬ aq∂v h¿j-tØ°vhne-t°¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bncn-°p-∂p.
]co-£ d±p-sN-bvXpIm‰-Kdn \º¿ 278/2012, 715/2014 F∂nh {]Imcw tImtfPv hnZ-ym-̀ -ymk hIp-∏n¬ eIvN-d¿ C≥Cw•ojv (F≥.-kn.-F.-̨ -ap-…ow) XkvXn-I-bn-tebv°v At]£ ka¿∏n® DtZ-ym-Km¿∞n-Iƒ°mbn2015 HIvtSm-_¿ 27 \v sI.-]n.-F-kv.-kn. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw, ]Ø-\w-Xn´ tI{µ-ß-fn¬h®v \S-Ønb s]mXp Hm¨sse≥ ]co£ d±v sNbvXn-cp-°p-∂p. Cu XkvXn-I-bn-tebv°v ]p\:-]-co£ \S-Øp-∂Xv kw_-‘n®v Adn-bn∏v ]n∂oSv \¬Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.
Adn-bn∏p-Iƒ-
XncpØvP\p-hcn 15 e°-Øn¬ t]Pv 18-˛se ]me-°mSv Pn√-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-߃ C{]-Imcw XncpØnhmbn-t°-≠-XmWv* tIc-f-Øn-eqsS {]th-i\ am¿K-an-√mØ tIc-f-Ønse GI h\y-Pohn kt¶-XamWv ]d-ºn-°pfw.* Xan-gv\m-´nse s]m≈m®n hgn-bmWv ChntS°v {]th-i-\w.* \mep-Zn-i-I-fn¬ KXm-K-X-ap≈ tIc-f-Ønse GI sdbn¬th PwKvj-\mWv sjm¿Wq¿.
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2016 s^{_p-hcn- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 3
Hm¨-sse≥- ]co-£m- Ie≠¿ -- ˛ 2016 am¿-®v-* Examination Time includes one hour as preparation time for the verification of Admission Tickets and original ID of the candidates appearing for the examination.
{Ia Xo-bXn- Xkv-Xn-Ibpw- Im-‰Kdn- \ºdpw- hIp-∏v-/ kn-e_kv-\w- kabw- kv-Ym-]\w-
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Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 29/02/2016
3 11/03/2016 HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL HIGHER SECONDARY Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Friday TEACHER – ENGLISH (JUNIOR) EDUCATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on the qualification prescribed for the post10.00 AM* (SR FOR SC/ST ONLY) ONLINE EXAMINATION Part II : Research Methodology & Teaching Aptitude Part III a: Salient Features of Indianto 12.15 PM 377/2015 Constitution Part III b: Social Welfare Legislation & Programmes Part IV a: Renaissance in
Further Details regarding Main Topics Kerala Part IV b: General Knowledge & Current Affairs are available on the Website (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)
Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 01/03/2016
4 15/03/2016 TECHNICAL ASSISTANT KERALA KHADI & VILLAGE Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Tuesday (KHADI) INDUSTRIES BOARD Main Topics:- Questions based on Technical Qualification10.00 AM* 235/2015 ONLINE EXAMINATION (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)to 12.15 PM Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile
in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/03/2016
5 16/03/2016 LECTURER IN TEXTILE TECHNICAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Wednesday TECHNOLOGY (POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES) Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala Part II a:10.00 AM* 414/2014 ONLINE EXAMINATION Technical Mathematics Part II b: Basic Civil Engineering Part II c: Basic Mechanical Engineeringto 12.15 PM Further Details regarding Main Topics Part II d: Basic Electrical Engineering Part II e: Basic Electronics Engineering Part III : Questions
are available on the Website based on Textile Technology(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 05/03/2016
6 17/03/2016 JUNIOR SUPERVISOR THE KERALA MINERALS & Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Thursday (CANTEEN) METALS LIMITED (TP UNIT) Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Hotel Management & Catering Technology10.00 AM* 369/2015 ONLINE EXAMINATION Part II : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 12.15 PM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)
Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 08/03/2016
7 18/03/2016 HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL HIGHER SECONDARY Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Friday TEACHER – MATHEMATICS EDUCATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on the qualification prescribed for the post10.00 AM* (SR FOR SC/ST ONLY) ONLINE EXAMINATION Part II : Research Methodology & Teaching Aptitude Part III a: Salient Features of Indian Constitutionto 12.15 PM 139/2015 Part III b: Social Welfare Legislation & Programmes Part IV a: Renaissance in Kerala
Further Details regarding Main Topics Part IV b: General Knowledge & Current Affairs are available on the Website (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)
Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 08/03/2016
8 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday ANAESTHESIOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 352/2014 - ST (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
9 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday ANAESTHESIOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 353/2014 - M (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
10 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday ANAESTHESIOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 354/2014 - OBC (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profileare available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
11 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday ANATOMY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 355/2014 - D (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profileare available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
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4 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 s^{_p-hcn- 1
{Ia Xo-bXn- Xkv-Xn-Ibpw- Im-‰Kdn- \ºdpw- hIp-∏v-/ kn-e_kv-\w- kabw- kv-Ym-]\w-
12 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday BIOCHEMISTRY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 356/2014 - M (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
13 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday COMMUNITY MEDICINE ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 357/2014 - ST (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
14 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday COMMUNITY MEDICINE ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 358/2014 - SC (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
15 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PHARMACOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 359/2014 - ST (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
16 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PHARMACOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 360/2014 - V (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
17 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday ANAESTHESIOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 391/2014 - M (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
18 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 392/2014 - E/B/T (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
19 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday BIOCHEMISTRY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 454/2014 - ST (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
20 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday BIOCHEMISTRY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 455/2014 - LC (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
21 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday BIOCHEMISTRY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 456/2014 - SIUC N/AI (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
22 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday MICROBIOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 457/2014 - V (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
23 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PATHOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 458/2014 - SC (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
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2016 s^{_p-hcn- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 5
{Ia Xo-bXn- Xkv-Xn-Ibpw- Im-‰Kdn- \ºdpw- hIp-∏v-/ kn-e_kv-\w- kabw- kv-Ym-]\w-
24 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PSYCHIATRY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 459/2014 - V (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
25 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday RADIOTHERAPY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 460/2014 - E/B/T (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
26 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday RADIOTHERAPY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 461/2014 - M (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
27 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PATHOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 462/2014 - ST (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
28 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PATHOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 463/2014 - OBC (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
29 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* SURGERY (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 464/2014 - M (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
30 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday GENITO URINARY SURGERY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (UROLOGY) (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 466/2014 - ST (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
31 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday GENITO URINARY SURGERY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (UROLOGY) (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 467/2014 - M (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
32 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PATHOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 584/2014 - M (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
33 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday NEPHROLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 585/2014 - M (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
34 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday DERMATOLOGY & VENEROLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 587/2014 - V (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
35 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday MICROBIOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 588/2014 - V (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
36 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 589/2014 - V (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
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6 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 s^{_p-hcn- 1
{Ia Xo-bXn- Xkv-Xn-Ibpw- Im-‰Kdn- \ºdpw- hIp-∏v-/ kn-e_kv-\w- kabw- kv-Ym-]\w-
37 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday BIOCHEMISTRY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 590/2014 - LC/AI (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
38 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday FORENSIC MEDICINE ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 591/2014 - LC/AI (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
39 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday GENERAL MEDICINE ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 721/2014 - LC/AI (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
40 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday NEUROSURGERY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 722/2014 - V (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
41 29/03/2016 SENIOR LECTURER/ LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday PAEDIATRIC SURGERY ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 723/2014 - ST (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
42 29/03/2016 LECTURER IN MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday TRAUMATIC SURGERY (IN THE ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* DEPARTMENT OF TRAUMA CARE (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM RENAMED AS DEPARTMENT OF (Medium of Questions: English)
EMERGENCY & CRITICAL CARE Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile MEDICINE) (NCA NOTIFICATION) in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016468/2014 - SCFurther Details regarding Main Topics are available on the Website
43 29/03/2016 ASSISTANT SURGEON/ CASUALTY MEDICAL EDUCATION Main Topics: Part I : Questions based on MBBS Qualification Part II: GeneralTuesday MEDICAL OFFICER ONLINE EXAMINATION Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* (NCA NOTIFICATION) (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes)to 12.15 PM 597/2014 - OX (Medium of Questions: English)
Further Details regarding Main Topics Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profile are available on the Website in the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 19/03/2016
COMMON TEST FOR SL. Nos. 8 TO 43 ABOVE
44 30/03/2016 LABORATORY TECHNICAL ASSISTANT VOCATIONAL HIGHER Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Wednesday – RUBBER TECHNOLOGY SECONDARY EDUCATION Main Topics:- Part I : Questions based on Rubber Technology Part II : General Knowledge, Current10.00 AM* 121/2014 ONLINE EXAMINATION Affairs & Renaissance in Keralato 12.15 PM (Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)
Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 21/03/2016
45 31/03/2016 LECTURER IN PRINTING TECHNICAL EDUCATION Syllabus: An Objective Type Test based on the qualification prescribed for the post.Thursday TECHNOLOGY (POLYTECHNICS) Main Topics:- Part I : General Knowledge, Current Affairs & Renaissance in Kerala10.00 AM* 415/2014 ONLINE EXAMINATION Part II a: Technical Mathematics II b: Basic Civil Engineering II c: Basic Mechanical Engineeringto 12.15 PM Further Details regarding Main Topics II d: Basic Electrical Engineering II e: Basic Electronics Engineering Part III : Questions based on
are available on the Website Printing Technology(Maximum Marks : 100) (Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes) (Medium of Questions: English)Candidates can download the Admission Tickets through their One Time Registration Profilein the Website www.keralapsc.gov.in from 21/03/2016
NOTE:- 1) It may be noted that apart from the Main Topics in the Syllabus referred to in the Examination Programme, questions from other topics related to the educational qualifications prescribed forthe post may also appear in the question paper. There is no undertaking that all the topics mentioned under the sub head “Main Topics” may be covered in the question paper.
2) In addition to the Admission Tickets, candidates have to produce the original of any one of the following documents to prove their identity at the time of examination viz. Voters Identity Card,Passport, PAN Card, Driving Licence, Pass Book with photo issued by Nationalized Banks, Photo Identity Card issued by Government Departments, Photo Identity Card issued by SocialWelfare Department, Govt. of Kerala to Physically Handicapped persons, Photo affixed Identity Card issued to the Ex-servicemen by the Zilla Sainik Welfare Officer / Discharge Certificate,Conductor License issued by Motor Vehicles Department, Photo affixed pass book issued by Scheduled Banks/Kerala State Co-operative Bank/ District Co-operative Banks, Photo affixedIdentity Card issued by Public Sector Undertakings (various companies/ corporations/ boards/authority)/Govt. autonomous institutions to their employees, Photo affixed Identity Card issuedby various Universities of Kerala to their employees, Photo affixed Medical Certificate issued by Medical Board to P.H. candidates, Photo affixed Identity Card issued by Bar Council to thosewho are enrolled as Advocates, AADHAAR card issued by the Central Government, One Time Verification Certificate issued by Kerala Public Service Commission. Candidates who fail toproduce Original Identity Proof will not be permitted to attend the examination.
Thiruvananthapuram, K. SURESH KUMAR08/01/2016 CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATIONS
KERALA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
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2016 s^{_p-hcn- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 7
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Test Your GK
1. {]bmKv cmPv kq∏¿ sX¿a¬ ]h¿t{]mPIvSv GXv kwÿm-\-Øm-Wv?(F)DØ-cm-JWvUv(_n) lcn-bm\(kn) DØ-¿-{]-tZiv(Un) _olm¿
2. Btcm-˛3 F∂ anssk-ens‚ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬ kl-I-cn-°p∂ cmP-y-߃:(F) bp.-F-kv.-F˛ ]mIn-kvXm≥(_n) dj-y-˛-{^m≥kv(kn) {^m≥kv-˛-C-{k-tb¬(Un) C{k-tb¬-˛-bp.-F-kv.-F.
3. ⁄m\-]oT ]pc-kvIm-c-Øn-\¿l-\mbBZy KpP-dmØn kmln-X-y-Im-c≥:(F) cLp-ho¿ Nu[cn(_n) Dam-i-¶¿ tPmjn(kn) cmtP-{µjm(Un) ]∂-em¬ ]t´¬
4. Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-cn¬ BcmWv ]q¿hthZ-Im-e-L-´-Ønse {][m\ tZh-X-I-fn¬ Dƒs∏-SmØXv?(F) {]Pm-]Xn (_n) cp{Z≥(kn) C{µ≥ (Un) hnjvWp
5. _mt_¬ am≥Um_v F∂ Pe-k‘nth¿Xn-cn-°p∂ cmP-y-߃:(F) Pn_q-´n-˛-H-am≥(_n) Pn_q-´n-˛-sb-a≥(kn) sba≥-˛-ku-Zn-A-td-_y(Un)-sb-a≥-̨ -_-lvdn≥
6. Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬ Fh-d-Ãp-ambn_‘-an-√mØ t]cv GXm-Wv?(F) kmK¿amX (_n) tNmtam-epMva(kn) Kuco-i-¶cw (Un) Zm]vkmßv
7. tIcf ̀ q]--cn-jvI-cW \nb-aw ̀ c-W-L-S\bpsS F{Xm-asØ ]´n-I-bn-emWvDƒs∏-Sp-Øn- bn-cn°p--∂-Xv?(F) 9 (_n) 10(kn) 11 (Un) 12
8. kz-X-{¥-C-¥-y-bpsS {]Ya Iym-_n-\‰vsk{I-´-dn-bmb ae-bmfn(F) sI.-i-¶-c≥ \mb¿(-_n) F≥.-B¿.-]n≈(kn) kn.i-¶-c≥ \mb¿(Un) sP.-F≥. Zo£nXv
9. icn-bmb {Iaw Xnc-s™-Sp-°pI(F) £{Xn-b≥, {_m“-W≥, sshi-y¿,iq{Z¿(_n) {_m“-W≥, £{Xn-b¿, iq{Z¿,sshi-y¿(kn) {_m-“-W¿, sshi-y¿, £{Xn-b¿,iq{Z¿(Un) {_m“-W¿, £{Xn-b¿, sshi-y¿,iq{Z¿
10. Xncp-hn-Xmw-I-dnse tIm¨Ãn-Ã-yq-j-W¬ dnt^mwkv IΩn-‰n-bpsS A[-y£]Zw hln-®Xv(F) ]´w XmWp-]n≈(_n) F.-sP.-tPm¨(kn) ]n.-Pn.-F≥.-D-Æn-Øm≥(Un) Sn.-Fw.-h¿§okv
11. hnkvXo¿Æm--Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Gj-y≥cmP-y-ß-fpsS icn-bmb {Iaw(F) ssN\, Ik-Jvÿm≥, C¥-y,Ct¥m-t\-jy(_n) ssN\, C¥-y, Ik-Jvÿm≥,Ct¥m-t\-jy(kn) C¥-y, ssN\, Ct¥m-t\-j-y,Ik-Jvÿm≥(Un) ssN\, C¥-y, Ik-Jvÿm≥,Ct¥m-t\-jy
12. am\¿ slbnw tcJ th¿Xn-cn-°p∂cmP-y-߃(F) dj-y-˛-t]m-f≠v (_n) dj-y -˛ -
^n≥e≥Uv(kn) {^m≥kv-˛-P¿a\n(Un) kzoU≥-˛-^n≥e≥Uv
13. `oa≥ tI\v{Z IYm-]m-{X-amb Fw.-Sn.hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb-cpsS cN\(F) Imew (_n) a™v(kn) \mep-sI´v (Un) c≠m-aqgw
14. GXv ac -Øns‚ km∂n -[ -y -amWvsske‚ vhmen-sb knwl-hm-e≥ Ipc-ß-pI-fpsS CjvS kt¶-X-am -°p-∂Xv?(F) sN¥p-cpWn (_n) tX°v(kn) πmhv (Un) shSn-πmhv
15. kz-X{¥ {ZmhnU \mSn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈hmZsØ ]n¥p-W® Xangv t\Xmhv:(F) kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn(_n) C.-hn.-cm-a-k-zm-an-\m-bv°¿(kn) Pn.kp-{_a-Wy Aø¿(Un) Fkv.kX-y-aq¿Øn
16. GXv \Zn-bpsS Xoc-ØmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ ÿm]n® Nn‰q¿ aTw?(F) IÆm-S-∏pg(_n) Ip¥n-∏pg(kn) timI-\m-in-\n-∏pg(Un-) Np≈n-bm¿
17. Ben-∏q¿ Kq-Um-tem-N-\-t°-kn¬ 1909¬ B¥-am-\n-te°v \mSpI-Sp-Ø-s∏-´Xv:(F) JpZndmw t_mkv(_n) kqc-y-sk≥(kn) Ac-hn-µ-tLmjv(Un) _co-{µ-Ip-am¿tLmjv
18. Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬ ssP\-aX tI{µwA√m-ØXv GXm-Wv?(F) NnX-dm¬(_n) {ioaq-e-hmkw(kn) KW-]-Xn-h´w(Un) Xr°-Wm-a-Xn-eIw
19. GXv IrXn-bn-emWv tIc-fsØ enaq-dnI F∂pw cmPm-°≥amsc tItcm-t_m-t{Xmkv F∂pw]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?(F) C≥Un°(_n) \m®p-d¬ lnÃdn(kn) s]cn-πkv(Un) cnlveØv
20. Ad_n k©mcn kpsse-am≥ Z£n-tW-¥-y-bnse G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ Xpd-apJw F∂p tcJ- s∏-Sp -Øn -bXvGXn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv?(F) hngn™w (_n) sIm√w(kn) sIm®n (Un) tImgn-t°mSv
21. kn.-sF.-F-kv.-F-̂ ns‚ kwc-£W Npa-X-e-bn¬ sIm≠p-h∂ BZy hnam-\-Øm-hfw(F) Pbv]q¿ (_n) sNss∂(kn) apwss_ (Un) sIm¬°Ø
22. teJ-cmPv Ir]-em\n ÿm]n®{]ÿm\w:(F) Nn]vtIm {]ÿm\w(_n) \¿aZm _®mthm Btµm-f≥(kn) {_“-Ip-am-cokv {]ÿm\w(Un) B\-µ-aXw
23. Fhn-SpsØ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂pkqc-Pva¬?(F) ]mS-yme (_n) APvao¿(kn) `c-Xv]q¿ (Un) Bƒhm¿
24. t]m¿®p-Kokp `mj kwkm-cn-°p∂GI Gj-y≥ cmPyw:(-F) CuÃvXn-aq¿(_n) ^nen-ss∏≥kv(kn) P∏m≥(Un) knwK-∏q¿
25. FXv cmP-y-ØmWv tPmk v̂ ]pen-‰vk¿P\n-®Xv?(F) bp.-F-kv.-F. (_n) lwKdn(kn) P¿a\n (Un) Hmkv{Snb
26. Cw]o-cn-b¬ knhn¬ k¿∆o-kn¬ AwK-amb BZy ae-bmfn:(F) sI.-]n.F-kv. tat\m≥ (ko-\n-b¿)_n) k¿Zm¿ sI.-Fw.-]-Wn-°¿(kn) hn.-]n-ta-t\m≥(Un) hn.-sI.-Ir-jvWtat\m≥
27. Xcq¿ kz-cq]w F∂-dn-b-s∏-́ n-cp∂ \m´p-cm-Pyw(F) sIm´m-c-°c(_n) sNºI-t»cn(kn) tIme-Øp-\mSv(Un) ]me-°mSv
28. H∂mw ae-_m¿ Pn√m cmjv{Sob ktΩ-f\w \S∂ h¿jw(F) 1916 (_n) 1917(Un) 1918 (Un) 1919
29. Pm∏-\okv Km‘n F∂-dn-b-s∏-´Xv(F) C{_mlnw dptKmh(_n) tXmtbm-lnt°m IKmh(kn) A°ntcm Ipd-tkmh(Un) Ch-cm-cp-a√
30. C¥-y≥ tZio-b-]-Xm-I-bpsS hoXnbpw\ofhpw XΩn-ep≈ A\p-]mXw:(F) 4:3 (_n) 3:2(kn) 2:3 (Un) 3:4
31. C¥-y-bn¬ cmjv{Sob A[n-Im-c-Øns‚t{kmX v:(F) P\-߃(_n) cmjv{Sob I£n-Iƒ(kn) cmjv{Sob {]h¿Ø-I¿(Un) ÿm\m¿∞n-Iƒ
32. cmsg -∏ -d -bp -∂-h-bn¬ GsXms°Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-XmWv C¥-y≥ ]m¿e-sa‚ v?(1) temIvk` (2) cmP-y-k`(3) {][m-\-a{¥n (4) {]kn-U‚ v(F) 1, 2, 3 (_n) 2, 3, 4(-kn) 1, 3, 4 (Un) 1, 2, 4
33. B¿´n-°nƒ 21F F¥p-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p?(F) ka-X-z-Øn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw(_n) hnZ-ym-̀ -ym-k-Øn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw(kn) k©mc -k-zm-X-{¥yw(Un) aX-k-zm-X-{¥yw
34. kkvX-\-ß-fn-°n-S-bnse GI ]cm-∂-t`mPn:(F) hmºb¿ h∆m¬(_n) Igp-X-∏pen(kn) Xnanw-Knew(Un) {[ph-°-cSn
35. Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬ sX‰mb tPmSnXnc-s™-Sp-°pI:(F) kpK-‘-h-yRvP\-ß-fpsS cmPm-hv-˛-Ip-cp-ap-fIv(_n) kpK-‘-h-y-RvP-\-ß-fpsS dmWn-˛-Gew(kn) tKmƒU≥ kvss]kv˛a™ƒ(Un) C¥-y≥ Cu-¥-∏-gw-˛-\m-fo-tIcw
36. sIm_mƒ´v tN¿Øm¬ •mkn\v GXv\ndw e`n-°p-w?(F) ]® (_n) Nph∏v(kn) \oe (Un) ]¿∏nƒ
37. a\p-j-ys‚ Ihn-fns‚ A\m-´-an-°¬\maw:(F) H°p-ekv (_n) _°(kn) Hmdnkv (Un) sa‚nkv
38. kwÿm\ a{¥n -k-` -bnse AwK-߃°v Iq´p-Øc-hm-Zn-Xzw Btcm-SmWv/GXn-t\m-SmWv?(F) Kh¿W¿ (_n) \nb-a-k`
(kn) apJ-y-a{¥n (Un) {][m-\-a{¥n39. tIc-f-Ønse Hcp BZn-hmkn hn`mKw
GXm-Wv?(F) Ducm-fn-Iƒ(_n) hm¿fn-Iƒ(kn) tXmS¿ (Un) Pcm-h-Iƒ
40. C_v≥ _Øp-Ø-bpsS C¥ymkµ¿i\w F{Xmw iX-I-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p?(F) ]Xn-aq∂v (_n) ]Xn-\©v(kn) ]Xn-\mdv (Un) ]Xn-\mev
41. apKƒ ta¬t°mbva Aw-Ko-I-cn® BZycP-]p{X cmPyw:(F) Bw_¿ (_n) tahm¿(kn) NntØm¿ (Un) `c-Xv]q¿
42. kmº-ØnI s\mt_¬ kΩm\wtPXm-hn\v ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xv:(F) t\m¿th-bnse cmPmhv(_n) kz-oUnjv {]kn-U‚ v(kn) kzo-Unjv cmPmhv(Un) dnIvkv _m¶v Kh¿W¿
43. GXv cmP-y-Øns‚ \mW-b-amWv In]v?(F) hnb‰v\mw(_n) CuÃv Xntam¿(kn) emthmkv(Un) Iwt_m-Unb
44. c≠mw ]m\n-∏-´p-bp-≤-Øn¬ ss_dmw-Jm≥ ]cm-P -b-s∏-Sp -Ønb slapB¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv]S-\-bn-®-Xv?(F) _m_¿ (_n) AIv_¿(kn) tj¿jm (Un) BZn¬jm
45. GXv `mj-bnse {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-bn-cp∂p 1906 ¬ Bcw-`n® bpKm-¥¿?(F) admØn (_n) lnµn(kn) ]©m_n (Un) _wKmfn
46. `c-W-L-S\ t`Z-KXn sNøp∂ Imc-y-Øn¬ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬ GXv{]kvXm-h-\-bmWvicn?(F) cmP-y-k-`-b°v IqSp-X¬ A[n-Imcw(_n) temIv-k-`bv°v IqSp-X¬ A[n-Imcw(kn) Ccp-k-`-Iƒ°pw Xpey A[n-Imcw(Un) F√m {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw sX‰mWv
47. C¥-y-bn¬ 4Pn k¿∆okv G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb BZy sSentImw Iº\n(F) Fb¿sk¬ (_n) Fb¿sS¬(kn) sFUnb(Un) shmUm-t^m¨
48. C¥-y-bn-em-Z-y-ambn sF.-F-kv.-H. k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ e`n® _m¶v:(F) Im\d _m¶v (_n) sF.-H._n(kn) tÉv _m¶v Hm^v {Smh≥Iq¿(Un) _m¶v Hm^v _tdmU
49. Um¿hn≥ ^n©kv GXv Pohn-h¿§-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p?(F) a’yw (_n) ]√n(kn) ]£n-Iƒ (Un) D -̀b-Po-hn-Iƒ
50 {Sm≥kn-Ã-dp -I-fnse Hcp s]mXpLSIw:(F) t_dn-enbw (_n) Ccpºv(kn) sNºv (Un) P¿ta-\nbw
Answers
1(c) 2(d) 3(b) 4(c) 5(b) 6(d) 7(a) 8(b) 9(d) 10(c)11(d) 12(b) 13(d) 14(d) 15(b) 16(c) 17(d) 18(b)19(c) 20(b) 21(a) 22(c) 23(c) 24(a) 25(b) 26(a)27(d) 28(a) 29(b) 30(c) 31(a) 32(d) 33(b) 34(a)35(d) 36(c) 37(b) 38(b) 39(a) 40(d) 41(a) 42(c)43(c) 44(d) 45(d) 46(c) 47(b) 48(a) 49(c) 50(d)
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8 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 s^{_p-hcn- 1
tIcf Ncn{Xhpw h¿j-ßfpw˛2Ir-jv-WKm-Ybpw sNdp-t»-cnbpw1427˛-1500-˛- sN-dp-t»-cn-bp-sS- Im-ew.- D-
Z-b-h¿-a-≥ tIm-e-Øn-cn-bp-sS- B-{in-X-\m-bn-cp-∂- sN-dp-t»-cn- ̀ m-K-h-Xw- Z-i-a-kv-I-‘w-B-kv-]-Z-am-°n- c-Nn-®-Xm-Wv- Ir-jv-W-Km-Y.-
1440 ˛ C‰en°mc\mb k©mcn \n-t°m-tfm- tIm-≠n- F∂ k©mcn sIm-®n-bn¬- FØn.-
1443 ˛ t]¿-jy≥- N{Ih¿-Øn-bp-sS{]Xn-]p-cp-js\∂ \n-ebn¬- A_v-Zpƒ-dkm-°n-s‚ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- kµ¿-i\w.-
1440 ˛ djy≥ k-©m-cn-bm-b- A-X-t\-jy-kv- \n-‡n-≥ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- k-µ¿-in-®v-Xp-d-ap-J-sØ-°p-dn-®pw- A-hn-sS-sØ- hym-]m-c-sØ-°p-dn-®pw- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn.-
]Xn-s\´cIhn-Iƒ-1466˛71 ˛ am-\hn-{Iakm-aq-Xn-cn-bp-sS
`cWIm-ew.- Ct±lØn-s‚ kZ n-s\bm-Wv- ]Xn-s\´cIhn-Iƒ- Ae¶cn-®n-cp-∂Xv.-]q\w \ºq-Xn-cn-bmWv ]Xn-s\-´-c-°-hn-I-fn¬ Ac-°hn F∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv.
1478 ˛ XncphnXmwIqdns‚ cmPmhmbnCchnh¿a A[nImcØn¬.
1487 ˛ C¥ybn-te-°p-≈- P-e-am¿-Kw-I-s≠-Øm-\p-≈- D-Zy-a-Øn-s‚- `m-K-am-bn-t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- \m-hn-I-≥ _¿-Ø-tem-ay- U-b-kv- Kp-Uv- tlm-]v- ap-\-ºp-h-sc- F-Øn.-]n¬-°m-e-Øv- hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a-bv-°v- B-Zyw- tI-c-f-°-c-bn-se-Øm-≥ Cu- am¿-Kw- k-lm-b-I-am-bn.-
-̨ - -ss]-tdm- Z- tIm-hn¬-lmw- F-∂- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im-c-≥ Nn-e- A-d-_n- hym-]m-cn-Iƒ-s°m-∏w- A-d-_n-sb-∂- hym-tP-\-
tI-c-f-Øn-seØn.
Fgp-Ø—s‚ Imew1495˛1575 -̨ - Xp-©-Øv- F-gp-Ø-—-s‚- Im-
ew-˛- a-e-∏p-dw- Pn-√-bn-se- Xn-cq¿- Xm-eq-°n-se- Xp-©-≥ ]-d-ºn-em-Wv- a-e-bm-f-̀ m-j-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hpw- In-fn-∏m-́ v- {]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚- D-]-⁄m-Xm-hp-am-b- F-gq-Ø-Nv-O-≥ P-\n-®-Xv.-
1497 -̨ - -hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a- t]m¿-®p-K-en¬-\n-∂v- C-¥y-bn-te-°v- bm-{X- B-cw-̀ n-®p-(Pq-em-bv 8).
hm-kv -tIm- U Km-a tIc-f-Øn¬-1498 sa-bv- 20˛- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- \m-hn-I-≥
hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a- tIm-gn-t°m-´n-\-Sp-Øp-≈- Im-∏m-Sv- F-∂- ÿ-e-sØ- ]-¥-em-bn-\n-I-S-∏p-d-Øv- I-∏-en-d-ßn.- "-km-thm- K-{_n-tb¬-'- F-∂- I-∏-en¬- C-¥y-bn-se-Øn-b-Km-a-bm-Wv- C-¥y-bn-te-°p-≈- \m-hn-I- am¿-Kw- I-s≠-Øn-b- B-Zy- bq-tdm-∏p-Im-c-≥.- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-sS- {]-Xn-Iq-e- {]-Xn-I-c-Ww-aq-ew- Km-a- A-hn-sS-hn-́ v- (B-K-kv-Xv- 27)I-Æq-cn-se-Øn.- tIm-e-Øn-cn-bn¬-\n-∂pw- B-h-iy-ap-≈- km-[-\-߃- ti-J-cn-®- Km-a- 1498\-hw-_¿- 20\v- a-S-°-bm-{X- B-cw-̀ n-®p.-
1499 -˛- hm-kv-tIm- U- Km-a- t]m¿-®p-K-en¬- a-S-ßn-sb-Øn- (sk-]v-Xw-_¿- 8).-
1500 -˛- Km-a-bp-sS- ]m-X-]n-¥p-S¿-∂v- a-s‰m-cp- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- \m-hn-I-≥ s]-t{Um-A¬-hm-cn-kv- I-{_mƒ- am¿-®v- H-º-Xn-\v- C-¥y-bn-te-°v- Xn-cn-®p.- 1200 \m-hn-I-∏-S-bm-fn-I-fpw- 8 ]m-Xn-cn-am-cpw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂- kw-L-Øn-s‚- bm-{X- 13 I-∏-ep-I-fn-em-bn-cp-∂p.-I-{_mƒ- Hm-K-kv-‰v- 30\v- tIm-gn-t°m-s´-Øn-(sk-]v-Xw-_¿- 30\v- F-Øn-sb-∂pw- ]-d-b-
ae-bmf kmlnXyw* sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c-\m-Wv- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-
sØ- cm-jv-{So-b- \m-S-I-am-b- ]m-´-_m-°n-c-Nn-®-Xv.- C-t±-lw- tI-c-f- am¿-Iv-kv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.- tI-c-f-Øn-se- I-ayp-Wn-Ãv- {]-ÿm-\-Øn-se- t\-Xm-°-fn-sem-cm-fm-Wv-sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c-≥.- A-t±-lw- c-Nn-®- a-s‰m-cp-\m-S-I-am-Wv- c-‡-]m-\w.- C-¥y-bp-sS- B-flm-hv- B-Wv- sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c-s‚- h-f-sc- {]-i-kv-X-am-b- a-s‰m-cp- c-N-\.- sI.-Zm-tam-Z-c-s‚- sN-dp-I-Y-I-fp-sS- k-am-lm-c-am-Wv- I-Æp-\o¿.- C.-Fw.-F-kv.-\-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sp-am-bn-tN¿-∂v- A-t±-lw- c-Nn-®- ]p-kv-X-I-am-Wv-d-jy-≥ hn-π-hw.- tI-c-f-N-cn-{Xw- F-s∂m-cp- N-cn-{X-{K-Ÿ-hpw- A-t±-lw- F-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.-
*- -a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-sØ- tIm-f-an-Ãv- Un.-kn.-In-g-t°-ap-dn-bm-Wv- (1914 -̨1999).- sUm-an-\n-Iv- Nm-t°m- F-∂m-Wv- ]q¿-W-\m-aw.- Fw.-]n.-t]mƒ,- Im-cq¿- \o-e-I-Wv-T-∏n-≈- F-∂n-h-tcm-sSm-∏w- tN¿-∂v- A-t±-lw- km-ln-Xy-{]-h¿-Ø-I- k-l-I-c-W-kw-Lw- cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn-®p.-
*- -Fw.-hn.-tZ-h-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y- t]-cv- a-T-Øn¬-hm-kp-tZ-h-≥ F-∂m-Wv.- Nn-{X-Im-c-≥,- in¬-]n,- {]m-kw-Kn-I-≥,- F-gp-Øp-Im-c-≥ F-∂o-\n-e-I-fn¬- {]-kn-≤-\m-b- A-t±-lw- 1928˛¬-X-e-t»-cn-°-Sp-Øv- ]-∂n-b-∂q-cn¬- P-\n-®p.-1952 ap-X¬- 1961˛-h-sc- am-Xr-`q-an-bn¬- Ãm-
v̂- B¿-́ n-Ãm-bn- {]-h¿-Øn-®p.- 1974 -̨77 Im-e-b-f-hn¬- tI-c-f- e-fn-X- I-em- A-°m-Z-an-A-[y-£-\m-bn.- am-ln-bn¬- a-e-bm-f- I-em-{Km-aw- ÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬- Fw.-hn.-tZ-h-≥kp-{]-[m-\- ]-¶p-h-ln-®p.- tZ-h-kv-]-µ-\w- F-∂- Ir-Xn- 2001 -̨se- h-b-em¿- A-hm¿-Un-\¿-l-am-bn.-
*- -{In-kv-Xp- `m-K-h-Xw- c-Nn-®-Xv- ]n.-kn.-tZ-h-ky-bm-Wv- .-
*- -1996˛-se- F-gp-Ø-—-≥ ]p-c-kv-Im-cw- e-`n-®-Xv- tUm.-sI.-Fw.-tPm¿-Pn-\m-Wv- (1914 -̨2002).-a-{Zm-kv- {In-kv-Xy-≥ tIm-tf-Pn¬- 15 h¿-jw-A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂- A-t±-lw- tI-{µ- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an-bn¬- A-kn-Ã-‚ v- sk-{I-´-dn-bm-bn.- A-hn-sS-\n-∂v- hn-c-an-®-ti-jw-a-e-bm-fw- k¿-h-hn-⁄m-\-tIm-i-Øn-s‚-No-^v- F-Un-‰-dm-bn.-
*- -]¿-h-X-ß-fn-se- Im-‰v- F-∂- t\m-h¬- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv- tPm¿-Pv- Hm-W-°q-dm-Wv.- A-I-se-B-Im-iw,- Dƒ-°-S¬,- F-gp-Xm-∏p-d-߃,-I¬-Øm-a-c,- {]-W-b- Xm-gv-h-c-bn-se- tZ-h-Zm-cp- F-∂n-h- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- {]-i-kv-X-am-b- a-‰p- c-N-\-I-fm-Wv.- \n-c-h-[n- a-e-bm-f-kn-\n-a-Iƒ-°v- I-Y,- Xn-c-°-Y,- kw-̀ m-j-Ww-c-Nn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-́ p-≠v.- aq-∂p- Z-im-_v-Z-°m-ew- Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cw- am¿- C-hm-\n-tbm-kv- tIm-tf-Pv- A-[ym-]-I-\m-bpw- tk-h-\-a-\p-jv-Tn-®p.- _m-e-km-ln-Xy- C-≥Ãn-‰yp-´v,-tÃ-‰v- C-≥Ãn-‰yp-´v- Hm-^v- F-≥ssk-t¢m-]n-Un-bm-Iv- ]-ªn-t°-j-≥kv- F-∂n-h-bp-sS- U-b-d-Iv-S-dm-bpw- {]-h¿-Øn-®n-´p-≠v.-
*- -Im-°-\m-S-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y-t]-cv- tPm¿-Pv- h¿-Ko-kv- (1935˛-2011)- F-∂m-Wv.- km-£n- ,-G-gmw- ap-{Z,-D-jv-W-ta-J-e,-tIm-gn,-]-d-¶n-a-e,-C-∂-se-bp-sS- \n-g¬,- H-tdm-X- F-∂n-h- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- {]-i-kv-X-am-b- t\m-h-ep-I-fm-Wv.-Iq-Sm-sX- \n-c-h-[n- sN-dp-I-Y-I-fpw- bm-{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fpw- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚-Xm-bp-≠v.- ]-d-¶n-a-e- F-∂- t\m-h¬- A-tX- t]-cn-epw-A-Sn-b-d-hv- F-∂- t\m-h¬- ]m¿-h-Xn- (1981)-F-∂- t]-cn-epw- ̀ -c-X-≥ kn-\n-a-bm-°n-bn-´p-≠v.- sI.-Pn.-tPm¿-Pv- kw-hn-[m-\w- sN-bv-X-Hm-W-∏p-S-h- (1978)- A-tX- t]-cn-ep-≈- Im-°-\m-S-s‚- t\m-h-en-s\- A-h-ew-_-am-°n-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. I-a¬- kw-hn-[m-\w- sN-bv-X- "-D-Æn-Ir-jv-W-s‚- B-Zy-sØ- {In-kv-Xp-a-kv-'- F-
∂- Nn-{Xw- Im-°-\m-S-s‚- Nn-X-ep-Iƒ- F-∂- I-Y-bp-sS- N-e-®n-{Xm-hn-jv-Im-c-am-Wv.- A-iz-∞m-am-hn-s‚- Nn-cn- F-∂- sN-dp-I-Ym-k-am-lm-cw- 1980 -̨epw- H-tdm-X- F-∂- t\m-h¬-1984˛-epw- Im-°-\m-S-\v- tI-c-f- km-ln-Xy-A-°m-Z-an- A-hm¿-Un-\¿-l-\m-°n.- "-Pm-∏m-Ww- ]p-I-bn-e-'-bv-°v- 2005˛-se- tI-{µ- km-ln-Xy- A-°m-Z-an- A-hm¿-Uv- e-`n-®p.-
*- -a-e-bm-f-̀ m-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hv- Xp-©-Øv- cm-am-\p-P-≥ F-gp-Ø-—-s‚- {]-[m-\-Ir-Xn-I-fm-Wv-A-[ym-fl-cm-am-b-Ww,- l-cn-\m-a-Io¿-Ø-\w-F-∂n-h.- "-Xm-≥Xm-≥ \n-c-¥-cw- sN-øp-∂- I¿-a-߃-/-Xm-≥Xm-≥ A-\p-̀ -hn-®o-Sp-sa-t∂- h-cq-'- F-∂p- ]m-Sn-b-Xv- F-gp-Ø-—-\m-Wv.-
*- -]n.-kn.-tKm-]m-e-s‚- Xq-en-Im-\m-a-am-Wv- \-¥-\m¿- (1926˛-1974).- tIm-hn-e-≥,- ]m-d-∏p-d-Øv- F-∂n-h-sc-t∏m-se- ]-´m-f-°-Y-I-fn-eq-sS- {i-t≤-b-\m-bn.- A-\p-̀ -h-߃,- C-c,- tXm-°p-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-se- Po-hn-Xw,- A-dn-b-s∏-Sm-Ø- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-߃,- A-\p-`q-Xn-I-fp-sS- tem-Iw- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- {]-i-kv-X- c-N-\-Iƒ.-
*- -Fw.-sI.-tKm-]n-\m-Y-≥ \m-b-cp-sS- Xq-en-Im-\m-a-am-Wv- ssh-im-J-≥.-
*- -sIm-Sp-∏p-∂- F-∂- Xq-en-Im-\m-a-Øn-e-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv- tKm-hn-µ-K-W-I-\m-Wv.-
*- -sN-dp-Im-Sv- F-∂- Xq-en-Im-\m-a-Øn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- tKm-hn-µ-∏n-jm-S-c-Sn-bp-sS- B-fl-I-Y-bm-Wv- Po-hn-X-∏m-X.-
*- -s{]m-^.-F-kv- Kp-]v-X-≥ \m-b-cp-sS- (1919˛-2006)- B-fl-I-Y-bm-Wv- "-a-\-km-kv-a-cm-an-'.-"-kr-jv-Sn-bpw- {k-jv-Sm-hpw-'- c-Nn-®-Xv- Kp-]v-X-≥ \m-b-cm-Wv.- sIm-√-Øv- Hm-®n-d-bn-em-Wv- A-t±-lw- P-\n-®-Xv.- bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-‰n-tIm-tf-Pn¬- a-e-bm-fw- A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn-1945˛¬- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- Po-hn-Xw- B-cw-̀ n-®p.-Kp-]v-X-≥\m-b¿- ̂ u-≠-j-≥ G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-
b- Kp-]v-X-≥\m-b¿- A-hm¿-Uv- B-Zy-am-bn-e-`n-®-Xv- Fw.-eo-em-h-Xn-°m-Wv.-
*- -tI-c-tfm¬-]-Øn,- `m-jm-hym-I-c-Ww,- ]-g-s©m¬-am-e- F-∂o- Ir-Xn-I-fm¬- ssI-c-fn-sb- k-º-∂-am-°n-b- hn-tZ-in-bm-Wv- sl¿-a-≥ Kp-≠¿-´v.- a-e-bm-f-Øn-se- B-Zy-]-{X-am-b- cm-Py-k-am-Nm-cw- ]p-d-Øn-d-°n-b-Xv- C-t±-l-am-Wv- (1847).-
*- -C-S-∏-≈n- cm-L-h-≥]n-≈-bp-sS- {]-[m-\- Ir-Xn-I-fm-Wv- a-Wn-\m-Zw,- \-h-ku-c-`w,- lr-Z-b-kv-an-Xw,- Xp-jm-c-lm-cw,- F-∂n-h.- sIm-√-Øv- ssh-°w- \m-cm-b-W-]n-≈-bp-sS- ho-´n¬- Xm-a-kn-°p-∂- Im-e-Øm-Wv- Xm-≥ kv-t\-ln-®- s]-¨-Ip-´n-bp-sS- hn-hm-l-£-W-]-{Xw- C-S-∏-≈n-°v- In-́ p-∂-Xv.- 1936 Pq-sse-A-©n-\v- cm-{Xn- A-t±-lw- \m-cm-b-W-]n-≈-bp-sS- ho-´n¬- Xq-ßn-a-cn-®p.- 27 h-b- m-bn-cp-∂p- A-t∏mƒ.- B-fl-l-Xy-°v- ap-ºm-bn- a-c-W-sØ- hn-j-b-am-°n- cm-L-h-≥]n-≈- c-Nn-®- I-hn-X-I-fm-Wv- a-Wn-\m-Zw,- \m-f-sØ- {]-`m-Xw- F-∂n-h.-
*- -]q-X-∏m-´v,- I-dp-Ø- sN-´n-®n-Iƒ,- s]-߃-Xp-S-ßn-b-h- C-S-t»-cn- tKm-hn-µ-≥ \m-b-cp-sS- {]-[m-\- c-N-\-I-fm-Wv.- {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS-I-hn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- C-S-t»-cn-bm-Wv.-C-S-t»-cn- F-gp-Xn-b- \m-S-I-am-Wv- Iq-´p-Ir-jn.- ]p-Ø-≥I-e-hpw- A-cn-hm-fpw,- Im-hn-se-]m-´v,- H-cp- ]n-Sn- s\-√n-°- F-∂n-h-bpw- C-S-t»-cn-bp-sS- Xq-en-I-bn¬- ]n-d-∂-h-bm-Wv.- "-Ip-gn-sh-́ n- aq-Sp-I- th-Z-\-Iƒ-/- Ip-Xn-sImƒ-I- i-‡n-bn-te-°p- \-Ωƒ-'- F-s∂-gp-Xn-b-Xv- C-S-t»-cn-bm-Wv.- "-C-Ø-d-hm-Sn-Ø- tLm-j-W-sØ-t∏m-se- hr-Øn-sI-´n-´n-√- a-s‰m-∂p-aq-gn-bn¬-'- F-∂pw- A-t±-l-sa-gp-Xn.- "-A-[n-Im-cw- sIm-ø-W-am-Zyw- A-Xn-\p- ta-em-I-s´- s]m-∂m-cy-≥'- F-∂p- ]m-Sn-b-Xv- C-S-t»-cn-bm-Wv.
s∏-Sp-∂p-)- km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-am-bn- C-S-™v- 1500Un-kw-_¿- 20˛-\v- sIm-®n-bn-se-Øn.- I-{_mƒ- sIm-®n-bn¬- h-cp-tºmƒ- D-Æn- tKm-Z-h¿-a-\m-bn-cp-∂p- sIm-®n- cm-Pm-hv.- F-¶n-epw,- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- hm¿-[-Iyw-aq-ew- ̀ -c-Ww-\-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv- a-cp-a-I-≥ D-Æn- cm-a-h¿-a-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- sIm-®o- cm-Pm-hv- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im-cp-am-bn- H-cp- ku-lr-Z- D-S-º-Sn- D-≠m-°n.-Cu- k-‘n-bn-se- H-cp- c-l-ky-h--Ip-∏v,- `m-hn-bn¬- sIm-®o-cm-Pm-hn-s\- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- A-[n-]-Xn-bm-°m-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.-
1502 -˛- hm-kv-tIm-U- Km-a-bp-sS- c-≠mw-h-c-hv.- am¿-®v- c-≠n-\m-Wv- Km-a- bm-{X- Xn-cn-®-Xv.- I-Æq-cn-\-Sp-Øp-h-®v- H-cp- am-∏n-f-°-∏¬-Io-g-S-°n- [-\-hpw- km-[-\-ß-fpw- sIm-≈- sN-bv-X-ti-jw- kv-{Xo-I-fpw- Ip-´n-I-fp-a-S-ßp-∂-aq-∂q-tdm-fw- t]-sc- A-Xn-\p-≈n-en-́ v- Xo- sIm-fp-Øn.- Km-a- C-Ø-h-W- I-Æq-cn-em-Wv- I-∏-en-d-ßn-b-Xv. 1502 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 29˛-\v- Km-a-tIm-gn-t°m-s´-Øn-t®¿-∂p.- \-hw-_¿- F-´n-\v- Km-a- sIm-®n-bn-se-Øn. tIm-gn-t°m-´v- Km-a- \-S-Øn-b- ss]-im-Nn-I- {]-hr-Øn-Iƒ- tI-´-dn-™v- t]-Sn-®- sIm-®o-cm-Pm-hv- Km-a- ]-d-™-sX-√mw- k-Ω-Xn-®p.-
-˛- sIm-®n-bn-se- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- `-c-W-Øn-\v- X-p-S°w.
sIm®n-bn¬ t]m¿®p-Kokv - tIm-´-1503 ˛ sIm®n-bn¬- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- tIm-
´-bp-sS- ]-Wn- B-cw-`n-®p-(sk-]v-Xw-_¿- 27).-t]m¿-®p-Ko-kp-Im¿- X-ß-fp-sS- cm-Pm-hn-t\m-Sp-≈- B-Z-c-kq-N-I-am-bn- am-\p-h¬-tIm-́ -'- F-∂m-Wv- t]-cn-́ -Xv.- C-¥y-bn¬- bq-tdm-]y¿- \n¿-an-®- B-Zy-sØ- tIm-´-bm-Wn-Xv.-
-̨ - -tIm-gn-t°m-Sp- km-aq-Xn-cn-bp-sS-ssk-\yw- I-c-am¿-Kw- C-S-∏-≈n- h-gn- sIm-®n-bn¬- {]-th-in-®p. sIm-®n-bn-se-Øn-b-km-aq-Xn-cn,- Km-a- hn-´p-t]m-b- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- hym-]m-cn-I-sf- hn-´p- sIm-Sp-°m-≥ B-h-iy-s∏-´p.- sIm-®o-cm-Pm-hv- hn-k-Ω-Xn-®-Xn-\m¬- km-aq-Xn-cn- sIm-®n-\-K-cw- B-{I-an-®p.- cm-Pm-hn-s\- ssh-∏n-≥ Zzo-]n-te-°v-Hm-Sn-®p.- km-aq-Xn-cn- ssh-∏n-≥ I¿-i-\-am-bn- D-]-tcm-[n-®p.- sk-]v-Xw-_-dn¬- A¬-_q-°¿-°n-s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- i-‡-am-b- H-cp- \m-hn-I- ssk-\yw- F-Øn-b-tXm-sS-km-aq-Xn-cn- ]n-≥hm-ßn.-
1504 -̨ - -Iq-Sp-X¬- k-∂m-l-ß-fp-am-bn-km-aq-Xn-cn- ho-≠pw- sIm-®n-sb- B-{I-an-®p.-sIm-®n-bpw- tIm-gn-t°m-Spw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- {]-kn-≤-am-b- sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿- bp-≤w- G-{]n¬-aq-∂n-\v- \-S-∂p.-
1505 -̨ - -]u-c-kv-Xy-tZ-i-Øv- t]m¿-®p-K-en-s‚- Xm¬-]-cyw- A-`w-Kp-cw- kw-c-£n-°m-≥ h¿-jw-tXm-dpw- A-b-bv-°p-∂- I-∏¬-∏-S-bv-°p- I-gn-bn-s√-∂p- a-\- n-em-°n-b- t]m¿-®p-K-kv- cm-Pm-hv- ]-S-s]m-cp-Xm-\pw- k-‘n-sN-øm-\pw- A-[n-Im-c-tØm-sS- aq-∂p-h¿-j-tØ-°v- H-cp- ssh-t{km-bn-sb- \n-b-an-°m-≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-®p.- {^m-≥kn-kv-tIm- Un- A¬-sa-bv-U-sb- B-Zy- ssh-t{km-bn-bm-bn- \n-b-an-®p. H-Iv-tSm-_-dn¬- A-t±-lw- I-Æq-sc-Øn.-sIm-®n-sb- C-¥y-bn-se- t]m¿-®p-Ko-kv- K-h-
-̈sa-‚n-s‚- B-ÿm-\-am-bn- A-t±-lw- kzo-I-cn-®p.- 1509˛¬- A-t±-lw- C-¥y- hn-´p-t]m-Ip-I-bpw- ]n-≥Km-an-bm-bn- B¬-_p-°¿-°v-\n-b-an-X-\m-Ip-I-bpw- sN-bvXp.
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2016 s^{_p-hcn- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 9
* c‡-am-Wv- t]m-j-I-L-S-I-ß-fpw- Hm-Iv-kn-P-\pw- i-co-c-I-e-I-fn-te-°pw- hn-k¿-Py-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ- hn-k¿-P-\m-h-b-h-ß-fn-te-°pw- F-Øn-°p-∂-Xv.- c-‡-Øn-s‚- a-‰p- [¿-a-ß-fm-Wv-tlm¿-tam-Wp-I-sf- h-ln-°¬,- tcm-K-{]-Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn- \n-e-\n¿-ج,- i-co-tcm-jv-am-hv- \n-b-{¥n-°¬- F-∂n-h.-
* c-‡w- H-cp- {Zm-h-I- I-e-bm-Wv.- πm-kv-a,- tπ-‰v-se-‰p-Iƒ,-c-‡-tIm-i-߃- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv-c-‡-Øn-s‚- L-S-I-߃.-
* Po-h-s‚- \-Zn- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- c-‡-am-Wv.-
* Po-h-im-kv-{X-]-c-am-bn- c-‡w- H-cp- I-W-Iv-So-hv- Sn-jyq- B-Wv.-
* a-\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn-s‚- B-sI- ̀ m-c-Øn-s‚- G-gv- i-X-am-\-am-Wv- c-‡w.-
* ]q¿-W- B-tcm-Ky-hm-\m-b- H-cm-fn-s‚- i-co-c-Øn¬- A-©p-en-‰¿- c-‡-ap-≠m-Ipw.-
* c-‡-Øn-s‚- 55%- πm-kv-a-bm-Wv.- πm-kv-a-bp-sS- 90 ap-X¬- 92 i-X-am-\w- h-sc- P-e-am-Wv.-πm-kv-a-bp-sS- \n-dw- C-fw- a-™-bm-Wv.-
* ss -̂{_n-t\m-P-≥,-t•m-_p-en-≥,-B¬-_p-an-≥F-∂n-h-bm-Wv- πm-kv-a- t{]m-´o-\p-Iƒ.-
* c-‡-tIm-i-߃- aq-∂p- X-c-ap-≠v-˛-A-cp-W-c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ,- tiz-X- c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ,- tπ-‰v-se-‰p-Iƒ.-
* lo-tam-t•m-_n-\m-Wv- A-cp-W- c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ-°v- Np-h-∏v- \n-dw- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.-
* C-cp-ºv- A-S-ßn-b- H-cp- t{]m-´o-\m-Wv- lo-tam-t•m-_n-≥.-
* A-cp-W- c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv-A-ÿn- a-÷-bn-em-Wv.-
* Hm-Iv-kn-P-≥,- Im¿-_-̈ - U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv- F-∂n-h- h-ln-°p-∂-Xv- A-cp-W- c-‡m-Wp-°-fm-Wv.-
* H-cp- L-\- an-√n-en-‰-dn¬- 45˛-60 e-£w- A-cp-W- c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ- D-≠v.-
* a¿-aw- (\yq-¢n-b-kv-)- C-√m-Ø- tIm-i-ß-fm-Wv- A-cp-W- c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ.-
* Np-h-∂- c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ-°v- X-fn-I-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv.- C-h-bv-°v- B-Ir-Xn- hy-Xym-kw- h-cp-∂- P-\n-X-I- tcm-K-am-Wv- kn-°n¬-sk¬- A-\o-an-b.-
* lo-tam-t•m-_n-≥ F-∂- h¿-W-I-am-Wv- c-‡-Øn-\v- Np-h-∏p-\n-dw- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.-
* lo-tam-t•m-_n-s‚- L-S-I-߃- t•m-_n-≥ F-∂- t{]m-´o-\pw- C-cp-ºp-am-Wv.-
* lo-tam-t•m-_n-≥ Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- Np-h-∂-c-‡m-Wp-°-fn-em-Wv.-
* i-co-c-tIm-i-ß-fn-te-°v- Hm-Iv-kn-P-≥ F-Øn-°p-∂-Xpw- A-hn-sS-\n-∂v- Im¿-_-̈ - U-tbm-
Iv-ssk-Uv- \o-°w- sN-øp-∂-Xpw- lo-tam-t•m-_n-\m-Wv.-
* c-‡-Øn¬- lo-tam-t•m-_n-\n-s‚- (C-cp-ºn-s‚-)-A-f-hv- Ip-d-bp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip-∂- tcm-Km-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- A-\o-an-b- (hn-f¿-®-).-
* ]p-cp-j-≥am-cn¬- 13.-8 ap-X¬- 18{Kmw- h-sc,-kv-{Xo-I-fn¬- 12.-1 {Kmw- ap-X¬- 15.-1 {Kmw- h-sc,- Ip-´n-I-fn¬- 11 {Kmw- ap-X¬- 16 {Kmw- h-sc,- K¿-`n-Wn-I-fn¬- 11 ap-X¬- 12 {Kmw-h-sc-F-∂n-ß-s\-bm-Wv- H-cp- sU-Un- en-‰¿- c-‡-Øn¬- lo-tam-t•m-_n-\n-s‚- km-∂n-[yw.-
* A-cp-W- c-‡m-Wp-°-fp-sS- B-bp- v- 120 Zn-h-k-am-Wv.- I-c-fn-tem- πo-l-bn-tem- h-®v- C-h- \-in-°pw.-
* A-cp-W- c-‡m-Wp-°-fp-sS- i-h-∏-d-ºv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- πo-l-bm-Wv.-
* tcm-K-{]-Xn-tcm-[-Øn-\p- k-lm-b-I-am-b- c-‡-tIm-i-ß-fm-Wv- tiz-X- c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ.-
* H-cp- L-\- an-√n-en-‰-dn¬- 7000 -̨8000 h-sc- tiz-X- c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ- D-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.-
* tiz-X- c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ- A-ÿn- a-÷-bn-epw-enw-^v- {K-Ÿn-I-fn-epw- kv-πo-\n-epw- D-≠v.-
* tcm-Km-Wp-°-sf- {]-Xn-tcm-[n-°m-≥ B-‚n-t_m-Un-Iƒ- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- tiz-X- c-‡m-Wp-°-fm-Wv- enw-t^m-ssk-‰p-Iƒ.-
* hn-hn-[-X-cw- tiz-X- c-‡m-Wp-°-fm-Wv- \yq-t{Sm-̂ n¬,-t_-tkm-̂ n¬,- Cu-kn-t\m-̂ n¬,-enw-t^m-ssk-‰v,- tam-tWm-ssk-‰v- F-∂n-h.-
* c-‡-Øn¬- Im-Wp-∂- kq-£v-a-tIm-i-{Z-hy-I-W-ß-fm-Wv- tπ-‰v-se-‰p-Iƒ.-
* sN-dn-b- X-fn-I-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- tπ-‰v-se-‰p-Iƒ-°p-≈-Xv.- C-h- c-‡-Øn¬- H-gp-In-\-S-°pw.-
* C-h-bp-sS- [¿-aw- c-‡-°p-g-ep-I-fn¬- D-≠m-Ip-∂- t\-cn-b- ap-dn-hp-Iƒ- A-S-bv-°p-I- F-∂-Xm-Wv.-
* c-‡-°p-g-en-\p-≈n¬- c-‡w- I-´-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xp-aq-ew- a-kv-Xn-jv-I-Øn-te-°p-≈- c-‡-{]-hm-l-Øn-\v- X-S- w- t\-cn-Sp-tºm-gm-Wv- ]-£m-Lm-Xw- D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.-
* lr-Z-b-[-a-\n-I-fn¬- c-‡w- I-´-]n-Sn-°p-tºmƒ- lr-Z-bm-Lm-Xw- (lm¿-´v- A-‰m-°v-)-D-≠m-Ip-∂p.-
* c-‡-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-Tn-°p-∂- im-J-bm-Wv-lo-a-t‰m-f-Pn.-
* tiz-X- c-‡m-Wp-°ƒ- {I-am-Xo-X-am-bn- s]-cp-Ip-∂- A-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- c-‡m¿-_p-Zw.-
* ap-dn-hp-≠m-bm¬- c-‡w- I-´-]n-Sn-°m-Ø- A-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- lo-tam-^o-en-b.- C-sXm-cp- P-\n-X-I- tcm-K-am-Wv.-
* lo-tam-^o-en-b- cm-P-Io-b- tcm-Kw- (tdm-b¬-
Un-ko-kv-)- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.- {_n-́ -Wn-se-cm-P-Ip-Spw-_mw-K-ß-fn¬- Cu- tcm-Kw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-em-Wv- B- t]-cp- e-`n-®-Xv.-
* lo-tam-̂ o-en-b-bv-°p- Im-c-W-am-Ip-∂- Po-≥Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- F-Iv-kv- t{Im-a-tkm-an-em-Wv.- kv-{Xo-I-fn-se- c-≠v- F-Iv-kv- t{Im-a-tkm-an-epw- Cu- Po-≥ D-s≠-¶n-te- Cu- tcm-K-ap-≠m-Iq.- F-∂m¬,- ]p-cp-j-≥am-cn¬- H-cp-t{Im-a-tkm-an-se- Po-≥ aq-ew- tcm-K-ap-≠m-Ipw.- A-Xn-\m¬- Cu- tcm-Kw- ]p-cp-j-≥am-cn-em-Wv- A-[n-I-hpw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-
* tem-I- lo-tam-̂ o-en-b- Zn-\-am-bn- B-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv- G-{]n¬- 17.-
* c-‡w- I-´-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xv- X-S-bp-∂- cm-k-h-kv-Xp-hm-Wv- sl-∏-mcn≥.
c‡{Kq∏pIƒ* B-‚n-P-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- c-‡-sØ-
\m-ev- hy-Xy-kv-X-{Kq-∏p-I-fm-bn- Xn-cn-°mw.-* B-‚n-P-≥ A-cp-W- c-‡m-Wp-°-fp-sS- {]-X-
e-Øn-epw- B-‚n-t_m-Un-Iƒ- πm-kv-a-bn-ep-am-Wv- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-
* B-‚n-P-≥ -̨F-bpw- B-‚n-P-≥ -̨_n-bp-am-Wv- c-≠v- {]-[m-\- B-‚n-P-\p-Iƒ.- c-‡-{Kq-∏v- \n¿-W-bn-°p-∂-Xv- C-h-bp-sS- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv.-
* c-‡m-Wp-°-fn¬- B-‚n-P-≥ -̨F- D-s≠-¶n¬-A-Xv- c-‡-{Kq-∏v- F- B-Wv.-
* B-‚n-P-≥ -̨_n- A-S-ßn-b-Xv- _n- {Kq-∏v- c-‡-am-Wv.-
* B-‚n-P-≥ F-bpw- B-‚n-P-≥ _n-bpw- A-S-ßn-b- c-‡w- F-_n- {Kq-∏v- B-Wv.-
* H-cp- B-‚n-P-\pw- C-√m-Ø- c-‡-{Kq-∏m-Wv- H-{Kq-∏v.- C-Xv- km¿-hn-I- Zm-Xm-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
* km¿-hn-I- kzo-I¿-Øm-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- F-_n- {Kq-∏v- B-Wv.-
* Imƒ- em-‚ v-sÃ-bn-\¿- B-Wv- c-‡-{Kq-∏p-Iƒ-I-s≠-Øn-b-Xv.-
* H-cp- k-a-b-Øv- H-cp- hy-‡n-bn¬-\n-∂v- c-‡-Zm-\- k-a-b-Øv- F-Sp-°p-∂- c-‡-Øn-s‚- A-f-hv- 300 an-√o-en-‰-dm-Wv.-
* c-‡-Øn-se- •q-t°m-kn-s‚- A-f-hv- km-[m-c-W-am-bn- 100 an-√n- en-‰¿- c-‡-Øn¬- 80˛-120 an-√o-{Km-am-Wv.-
* c-‡-Øn¬- A-[n-I-ap-≈- •q-t°m-kn-s\- C-≥kp-en-≥ F-∂- tlm¿-tam-Wn-s‚- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- Kv-ssf-t°m-P-\m-°n-am-‰n- I-c-fn¬- kw-`-cn-°p-∂p.-
* C-≥kp-en-≥ tlm¿-tam-Wn-s‚- A-]-cym-]v-X-aq-ew- c-‡-Øn¬- •q-t°m-kn-s‚- A-f-hv- Iq-
Sp-I-bpw- aq-{X-Øn-eq-sS- ]p-d-¥-≈-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- A-kp-J-am-Wv- {]-ta-lw- A-Y-hm- U-b-_-‰n-kv- sa-en-‰-kv.-
lrZbw* c-‡-sØ- i-co-c-Øn-s‚- F-√m- `m-K-tØ-
°pw- F-Øn-°p-∂-Xv- H-cp- ]-ºp-t]m-se- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- lr-Z-b-am-Wv.-
* Hu-c-km-i-b-Øn¬- c-≠v- izm-k-tIm-i-߃-°n-S-bn-em-Wv- lr-Z-bw- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xv.-
* lr-Z-b-sØ- B-h-c-Ww- sN-øp-∂- C-c-´- kv-X-c-am-Wv- s]-cn-Im¿-Un-bw.- C-Xn-\n-S-bn¬- \n-d-™n-cn-°p-∂- {Zm-h-I-am-Wv- s]-cn-Im¿-Un-b¬- {Z-hw.-
* ap-Xn¿-∂- H-cm-fn-s‚- lr-Z-b-Øn-\v- 300 {Km-tam-fw- `m-cw- D-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.-
* a-\p-jy-lr-Z-b-Øn-\v- \m-e-d-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.-ap-I-fn-e-sØ- A-d-Iƒ- F-{Sn-b-߃- F-∂pw-Xm-g-sØ- A-d-Iƒ- sh-≥{Sn-°n-fp-Iƒ- F-∂pw- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
* lr-Z-b-Øn¬-\n-∂v- c-‡w- h-ln-°p-∂- Ip-g-ep-I-fm-Wv- [-a-\n-Iƒ.- c-‡w- lr-Z-b-Øn-te-°v- F-Øn-°p-∂- Ip-g-ep-I-fm-Wv- kn-c-Iƒ.-
* a-\p-jy-lr-Z-bw- km-[m-c-W-am-bn- an-\n-´n¬-72 {]m-h-iy-am-Wv- kv-]-µn-°p-∂-Xv.-
* lr-Z-b- A-d-I-fp-sS- k-t¶m-Nm-h-ÿ-bm-Wv-kn-tÃmƒ.- lr-Z-b-Øn-s‚- hn-{im-¥m-h-ÿ-bm-Wv- U-bm-tÃmƒ.-
* kn-tÃm-fn-Iv- a¿-±w- 120 an-√o-ao-‰¿- sa¿-°p-dn-bpw- U-bm-tÃm-fn-Iv- a¿-±w- 80 an-√o-ao-‰¿- sa¿-°p-dn-bp-am-Wv.- km-[m-c-W- A-h-ÿ-bn-se- a¿-±w- 120/-80 an-√o-ao-‰¿- sa¿-°p-dn- F-∂v- A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.-
* h-e-Xp- sh-≥{Sn-°n-fn¬-\n-∂v- c-‡w- izm-k-tIm-i- [-a-\n- h-gn- izm-k-tIm-i-Øn-te-°v-H-gp-Ip-∂p.- C-S-Xp- sh-≥{Sn-°n-fn¬-\n-∂v- a-lm-[-a-\n-h-gn- c-‡w- i-co-c-Øn-s‚- hn-hn-[-`m-K-ß-fn-te-s°-Øp-∂p.-
* izm-k-tIm-i-Øn¬-\n-∂v- Hm-Iv-kn-P-≥ A-f-hp-Iq-Sn-b- c-‡w- izm-k-tIm-i-kn-c-h-gn- C-S-Xv- F-{Sn-b-Øn-se-Øp-∂p.-
* Im-≥k¿- _m-[n-°m-Ø- i-co-cm-h-b-h-am-Wv-lr-Z-bw.-
* c-‡-Nw-{I-a-Ww- I-s≠-Øn-b-Xv- hn-eyw-lm¿-hn-bm-Wv.-
*- -c-‡-k-Ω¿-±w- A-f-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- D-]-I-c-W-am-Wv- kv-]n-t‹m-am-t\m-ao-‰¿.-
*- B-Zy-sØ- Ir-{Xn-a- lr-Z-b-am-Wv- Pm¿-hn-Iv-̨ -7.-*- lr-Z-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-T-\-am-Wv- Im¿-Un-
tbm-f-Pn.-
c‡]cyb\ hyhÿ (Circulatory System) Biology
* icoc- Xm-]-\n-e- Ip-d-bv-°m-≥th-≠n- I-gn-°p-∂- Hu-j-[-ß-sf- s]m-Xp-th- B-‚n-ss]-d-‰n-Iv-kv- F-∂p- hn-fn-°p-∂p.- D-Zm-l-c-Ww- ]m-c-sk-‰-tamƒ.-
*- -Xp-Wn-I-fn¬- Nm-bw- D-d-∏n-®p- \n¿-Øm-≥k-lm-bn-°p-∂- cm-k-h-kv-Xp-°-fm-Wv-tam¿-U-‚p-Iƒ.- B-ew- H-cp- tam¿-U-‚ v-B-Wv.-
*- -Im¿-_-¨,- ss\-{S-P-≥,- ssl-{U-P-≥,- Hm-Iv-kn-P-≥ F-∂o- \m-ep- aq-e-I-߃- Hm¿-K-t\m-P-\p-Iƒ- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
*- -B-h¿-Ø-\-]-´n-I-bn¬- F-¨-]-Xn-te-sd-aq-e-I-߃- tem-l-ß-fm-Wv.- tem-l-߃-ap-dn-°p-tºmƒ- A-‰w- Xn-f-ßp-∂-Xn-s\-bm-Wv- tem-l-Zyp-Xn- F-∂p- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.-
*- -A-Sn-®p-]-c-Øn- X-In-Sp-I-fm-°n- am-‰m-\p-≈- tem-l-ß-fp-sS- I-gn-hm-Wv- am-en-b-_n-en-‰n.-
*- -h-en-®p-\o-´n- I-ºn-bm-°n- am-‰m-\p-≈- tem-l-ß-fp-sS- I-gn-hm-Wv- U-Iv-Sn-en-‰n.-
*- -D-d-®- {]-X-e-ß-fn¬-Ø-́ n-bm¬- tem-l-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- {]-tXy-I- i-_v-Zw- ]p-d-s∏-Spw.-Cu- k-hn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv- tkm-tWm-cn-‰n.-
*- -ssh-Zyp-Xn-bp-sS-bpw- Xm-]-Øn-s‚-bpw- \-√- Nm-e-I-ß-fm-Wv- tem-l-߃.-
*- -G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- A-Wp-kw-Jy-bp-≈- {]-Ir-Xn-Z-Ø- aq-e-Iw- bp-td-\n-b-am-Wv- (92).-F-∂m¬- `q-h-ev-I-Øn-ep-≈- {]-Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-aq-e-I-ß-fp-sS- F-Æw- 90 B-Wv.- sS-Iv-\o-jyw- (43),- s{]m-an-Øn-bw- (61)- F-∂o- aq-e-I-߃- bp-td-\n-b-Øn-\p- ap-∂n¬- h-cp-∂-Xm-sW-¶n-epw- A-h- ̀ q-h-ev-I-Øn¬- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.- B-≥t{Um-ao-U- F-∂- \-£-{X-k-aq-l-Øn¬- s{]m-an-Øn-bw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.- sS-Iv-\o-jyw- H-´p-ap-gp-h-\pw- Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn- \n¿-an-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.- F-∂m¬,-bp-td-\n-bw- A-bn-cn-s‚- A-Wp-hn-`-Z-\-k-a-b-Øpw- tam-fn-_v-fn-Un-\w- \yq-t{Sm-¨- ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-°p-tºm-gpw- sS-Iv-\o-jyw- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-∂p-≠v.- C-Xn-s‚- F-√m- cq-]-ß-fpw- td-Un-tbm- B-Iv-So-hv- B-Wv.- ÿn-c-X-bp-≈- sF-tkm-tSm-∏p-I-fn-√m-Ø- aq-e-I-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- A-Wp-kw-Jy- Ip-d-™-Xv- sS-Iv-\o-jy-am-Wv.-
*- -Cw-•o-jv- A-£-c-am-em-{I-a-Øn¬- B-Zy-sØ- aq-e-Iw- B-Iv-Sn-\nbw (Actinium).
CXn-s‚- A-Wp-kw-Jy- 89.-*- -A-ep -an -\n -bw - I-≠p-]n -Sn - -®Xv Hans
Christian Oersted.AWp-kwJy 13.* t_m-Iv-ssk-‰n¬-\n-∂v- B-Zy-am-bn- A-ep-
an-\n-bw- th¿-Xn-cn-s®-Sp-Ø-Xv- Nmƒ-kv- am¿-´n-≥ lmƒ- B-Wv.- Im-Tn-\y-Øn¬- c-≠mw-ÿm-\-Øp-≈- ]-Zm¿-Y-am-b- sIm-d-≠w- H-cp- A-ep-an-\n-bw- kw-bp-‡-am-Wv.-
*- -A-æ-kz-`m-h-hpw- £m-c-kz-`m-h-hpw- Im-Wn-°p-∂- tem-l-am-Wv- A-ep-an-\n-bw.- A-ep-an-\n-bw- C-√m-Ø- B-e-am-Wv- t{Imw- B-ew.-
*- -G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- A-ep-an-\n-bw- [m-Xp-I-fn-a-Æm-Wv.- ssU-\m-an-‰n-s‚- \n¿-am-W-Øn-\v- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- I-fn-a-Æm-Wv- sI-bv-kn-¬K¿ (Kieselguhr)
* Bam-i-b-Ønse AæX Ipd-bv°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Aep-an-\nbw kwbp-‡-amWv Aep-an-\nbw sslt{Um-Ivssk-Uv.
* tSm∏m-kns‚ (]pjy-cm-Kw) cmk-\mawHydrous aluminium flourosilicate.
* amWn-Iyw- cm-k-]-c-am-bn- A-ep-an-\n-bw- Hm-Iv-ssk-Uv- B-Wv.- C-Xn-s‚- Np-h-∏v- \n-d-Øn-\p- Im-c-Ww- t{Im-an-b-Øn-s‚- km-∂n-[yw.-
aqe-I-ßfpw cmk-h-kvXp-°fpw Chemistry*- -A-ep-an-\n-bw- Hm-Iv-ssk-Un-s‚- h-I-t`-Z-
am-Wv- C-{µ-\o-ew- (B-lu-e- S-app-h-ir-e-).-*- -A¬-\n-t°m- F-∂- tem-l-k-¶-c-Øn-se-
L-S-I-߃- A-ep-an-\n-bw,- \n-°¬,- tIm-_mƒ-´v- F-∂n-h-bm-Wv.-
*- -B-‚n-a-Wn-bp-sS- A-bn-cm-Wv- Ãn-_v-ss\-‰v.- Xo-s∏-´n-°q-Sn-s‚- h-i-Øv- ]p-c-´p-∂- kw-bp-‡-am-Wv- B-‚n-a-Wn- kƒ-ss^-Uv.-
*- -A-¥-co-£-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈- \n-jv-{In-b- hm-X-I-am-Wv- B¿-K-¨.-ssh-Zyp-X- _ƒ-_p-I-fn¬- \n-d-bv-°p-∂- \n-jv-{In-b- hm-X-I-am-Wv- B¿-K-¨.- \n-jv-{In-bw- F-∂¿-Y-ap-≈- B¿-tKm-kv- F-∂- hm-°n¬-\n-∂m-Wv- t]-cn-s‚- D-Zv-`-hw.-
*- -A-¥-co-£- hm-X-I-ß-fn¬- A-f-hn¬- aq-∂mw- ÿm-\w- B¿-K-Wn-\m-Wv.-
*- -hn-j-ß-fp-sS- cm-Pm-hv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- B-gv-k-\n-Iv.- cm-Pm-°-≥am-cp-sS- hn-jw-F-∂pw- C-Xv- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.- B¿-sk-\n-°n-s‚- km-∂n-[yw- \n¿-W-bn-°m-≥ \-S-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv- am¿-jv- sS-Ãv.- Io-S-\m-in-\n-I-fp-sS-bpw- I-f-\m-in-\n-I-fp-sS-bpw- \n¿-am-W-Øn-\v- B-gv-sk-\n-Iv- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
-
10 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 2016 s^{_p-hcn- 1
Indian Polity
auenImhImi߃, auenI NpaXeIƒ,\n¿t±iI XØz߃
auenImhImi߃C¥y≥ `-c-W-L-S-\- ]u-c-≥am¿-°v- hm-Kv-
Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂- au-en-Im-h-Im-i-߃- B-
sd-Æ-am-Wv.- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- `m-Kw- aq-∂n-
em-Wv- C-h- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Ø-nbncn°p∂Xv.
1.- k-a-Xz-Øn-\p-≈- A-h-Im-iw-:- \n-b-a-Øn-\p- ap-∂n¬- F-√m-h-cpw- Xp-ey-cm-Wv.- a-X-Øn-s‚-tbm- h¿-K-Øn-s‚-tbm- Pm-Xn-bp-sS-tbm- P-∑-ÿ-e-Øn-s‚-tbm- kv-{Xo-˛-]p-cp-j- hy-Xym-k-Øn-s‚-tbm- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- hn-th-N-\w- ]m-Sn-√.-
2.- kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-\p-≈- A-h-Im-iw-:- B-i-b-{]-Im-i-\w,- kw-L-Sn-°¬,- C-¥y-bn-se-hn-sS-bp-ap-≈- k-©m-c-hpw- Xm-a-k-hpw,- G-Xv- sXm-gn-en-ep-ta¿-s∏-S¬-F-∂n-h-bv-°p-≈- kzm-X-{¥yw- C-Xn¬- hn-̀ m-h-\w- sN-øp-∂p.- C-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- kp-c-£,- hn-tZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fp-am-bp-≈- ku-lr-Zw- F-∂n-h-bv-°v-hn-t[-b-am-Wv.-
3.- Nq-j-W-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp-≈- A-h-Im-iw-:- \n¿-_-‘n-X-am-bn- tPm-en-sb-Sp-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- Ip-́ n-I-sf-s°m-≠v- ]-Wn-sb-Sp-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- tPm-en-°m-sc- I-®-h-Sw- sN-øp-∂-Xpw- \n-tcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.-
4.- a-X-kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-\p-≈- A-h-Im-iw-:- F-√m- ]u-c-≥am¿-°pw- G-Xp- a-X-Øn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- A-h-Im-i-ap-≠v.-
5.- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-hpw- hn-Zym-̀ ym-k-]-c-hp-am-b- A-h-Im-iw-:- G-Xp- hn-`m-K-Øn-\pw- A-h-cp-sS- kw-kv-Im-c-hpw- ̀ m-j-bpw- en-]n-bpw- \n-e-\n¿-Øp-hm-\pw-\yq-\-]-£-hn-̀ m-K-߃-°v- hn-Zym-̀ ym-k- ÿm-]-\-߃- \-S-Øp-hm-\pw- A-h-Im-i-ap-≠v.-
6.- `-c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-am-b- {]-Xn-hn-[n-Iƒ- ÿm-]n-s®-Sp-°m-\p-≈- A-h-Im-iw-:- G-sXm-cp- C-¥y-≥ ]u-c-\pw- `-c-W-L-S-\- A-\p-im-kn-°p-∂- A-h-Im-i-߃- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p-≈- A-h-Im-i-ap-≠v.- Cu- A-\p-t—-Z-sØ-°p-dn-®v- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-B¿-´n-°nƒ- 32˛-s\- ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- B-flm-hpw- lr-Z-b-hpw- F-∂m-Wv- tUm.-_n.-B¿.-Aw-t_-Zv-I¿- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.-
auenI NpaXeIƒ]u-c-≥am¿-°v- A-h-Im-i-߃- D-d-∏p-\¬-Ip-∂- -̀c-W-L-S-\- Nn-e- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-fpw- ]u-c-≥am¿-°v- \n-d-th-‰m-\p-≠v- F-∂v- hy-‡-am-°p-∂p.- 1976 -̨se- 42˛mw- t -̀
Z-K-Xn-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- au-en-I- Np-a-X-e-Iƒ-`-c-W-L-S-\-bn¬- Iq-´n-t®¿-Ø-Xv.- ap-≥tkm-hn-b-‰v- bq-Wn-b-\n¬-\n-∂m-Wv- Cu-B-i-bw- I-Sw-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- `m-Kw- 4 F-̨ -bn-se- B¿-́ n-°nƒ- 51 F- em-Wv- au-en-I- Np-a-X-e-Iƒ- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-Xp-S-°-Øn¬- ]-sØ-Æ-am-Wv- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.- 2002 -̨se- 86˛mw- t -̀Z-K-Xn-°p-ti-jw-au-en-I- Np-a-X-e-Iƒ- ]-Xn-s\m-s∂-Æ-am-Wv.- C-h-bm-Wv- au-en-I- Np-a-X-e-Iƒ.-
1. `c-W-L-S-\-sb- A-\p-k-cn-°p-I-bpw-A-Xn-s‚- B-Z¿-i-ß-sf-bpw- ÿm-]-\-ß-sf-bpw- tZ-io-b-]-Xm-I-sb-bpw-tZ-io-b-Km-\-sØ-bpw- B-Z-cn-°p-I.-
2.- -tZ-io-b- {]-ÿm-\-Øn-\v- {]-tNm-Z-\-ta-In-b- a-l-\o-bm-Z¿-i-ß-sf- ]-cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- ]n-¥p-S-cp-I-bpw- sN-øp-I.-
3.- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- ]-c-am-[n-Im-c-hpw- sF-Iy-hpw- A-J-Wv-U-X-bpw- Im-Øp-kq-£n-°p-I.-
4.- cm-Py-sØ- Im-Øp-c-£n-°p-I-bpw- tZ-io-b- tk-h-\w- A-\p-jv-Tn-°m-≥ B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ- A-\p-jv-Tn-°p-I-bpw-sN-øp-I.-
5.- Pm-Xn,- a-Xw,-̀ m-j,-{]m-tZ-in-I-X,- hn-̀ m-Ko-b-X- F-∂n-h-bn¬- A-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-b- ssh-hn-[y-߃-°-Xo-X-am-bn- P-\-ß-fn¬- ku-lr-Z-hpw- km-tlm-Z-cy-hpw-Du-́ n- D-d-∏n-°p-I,- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- A-¥- n-s\- _m-[n-°p-∂- B-Nm-c-߃-]-cn-Xy-Pn-°p-I.-
6.- \-Ωp-sS- k-Ωn-{i- kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚-k-º-∂-am-b- ]m-c-º-cy-sØ- hn-e-a-Xn-°p-I-bpw- \n-e-\n¿-Øp-I-bpw- sN-øp-I.-
7.- ]-cn-ÿn-Xn- kw-c-£n-°p-I-bpw- Po-hn-I-tfm-Sv- Im-cp-Wyw- Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw-sN-øp-I.-
8.- im-kv-{Xo-b- Im-gv-N-∏m-Spw- am-\-hn-I-X-bpw- A-t\z-j-W-Øn-\pw- ]-cn-jv-I-c-W-Øn-\p-ap-≈- a-t\m-̀ m-h-hpw- h-f¿-Øp-I.-
9.- s]m-Xp-kz-Øv- kw-c-£n-°p-I-bpw- A-{I-aw- D-t]-£n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I.-
10.- cm-jv-{S-]p-tcm-K-Xn-°v- D-X-Ipw-hn-[w- hy-‡n-]-c-hpw- Iq-́ m-b-Xp-am-b- {]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-s‚- D-Xv-Ir-jv-S-X-bv-°p-th-≠n- b-Xv-\n-°p-I.-
11.- B-dp-h-b- n-\pw- ]-Xn-\m-ep- h-b- n-\pw-a-t[y-bp-≈- Ip-́ n-Iƒ-°v- hn-Zym-̀ ym-kw-am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ- e-̀ y-am-°-Ww.
auenImhImi߃Bdv,
auenI NpaXeIƒ]Xns\m∂v
C-¥y-≥ ]m¿-e-sa-‚ v- 2002 Un-kw-
_¿- 12˛-\v- ]m-km-°n-b- `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- 86˛mw- t`-Z-K-Xn-bn-eq-sS-(93˛mw- t`-Z-K-Xn- _n¬-)- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- au-en-Im-h-Im-i-am-bn- am-dn.- C-Xp-h-gn- B-dn-\pw-]-Xn-\m-en-\pw- C-S-bv-°p-≈- Ip-´n-I-sf-]-Tn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv- k-aq-l-Øn-s‚- I-S-a-bm-bn- am-dn.- Cu- t`-Z-K-Xn-°p-ap-ºv- cm-jv-{S-\-b- \n¿-t±-i-I-X-Øz-ß-fp-sS- ̀ m-K-am-b- 45 a-sØ- A-\p-t—-Zw- C-{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-˛- :-
“The State shall endeavour to
provide, within a period of ten years
from the commencement of this
Constitution, for free and
compulsory education for all
children until they complete the age
of fourteen years.”
86˛mw t`ZKXnbneqsS 21A F∂]pXnb A\pt—Zw `cWLS\bn¬C{]Imcw Iq´nt®¿Øp˛
“The State shall provide free and
compulsory education to all children
of the age of six to fourteen years in
such manner as the State may, by
law determine.”
`cWLS\bnse 45˛mwA\pt—ZØns‚ ÿm\Øv ]pXnbA\pt—Zw C{]Imcw Dƒs∏SpØn.
“The State shall endeavour toprovide early childhood care and
education for all children until theycomplete the age of six years.”
A\pt—Zw 51A bn¬ clause (j)bv°ptijw Hcp ]pXnb clause (k)C{]Imcw tN¿Øp.
“(k) who is a parent or guardianto provide opportunities for educa-
tion to his child or, as the case maybe, ward between the age of six andfourteen years”
Aßs\- A-\p-t—-Zw- 51A - bn¬- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂- au-en-I- Np-a-X-e-I-fp-sS- F-Æw- 11 B-bn.- F-∂m¬- au-en-Im-h-Im-i-ß-fp-sS- F-Æw- B-dp- X-s∂-bm-Wv.- Im-c-Ww,- ]p-Xn-b- A-\p-t—-Zw- 21 s‚- `m-K-am-bm-Wv- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- au-en-Im-h-Im-i-am-°p-∂-Xp- kw-_-‘n-®- t`-Z-K-Xn- ]m-k-m-°nbXv.
cmjv{S\b \n¿t±iIXØz߃
au-en-Im-h-Im-i-߃-t]m-se- tIm-S-Xn-bn-eq-sS- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°m-≥ km-[n-°p-∂-h-b-√- \n¿-t±-i-I- X-Øz-߃.- tI-{µ-˛-kw-ÿm-\- k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ- \n-b-a-\n¿-am-Ww- \-S-Øp-tºmƒ- Cu- X-Øz-
߃- I-gn-bp-∂n-S-tØm-fw- ]-cn-K-Wn-°-W-sa-∂m-Wv- hy-h-ÿ.- ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS- `m-Kw- \m-en-em-Wv- C-h- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-C-\n-kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- e-£y-߃- ssI-h-cn-°m-≥ cm-jv-{Sw- {i-an-°-W-sa-∂v-\n¿-t±-i-I- X-Øz-߃- A-\p-im-kn-°p-∂p.- C-h- I-Sw-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv-A-b¿-e-≥Un-s‚- ̀ -c-W-L-S-\-bn¬-\n-∂m-Wv.-1. kmaq-ln-I-hpw- km-º-Øn-I-hpw- cm-
{„o-b-hp-am-b- \o-Xn- \¬-In- P-\-ß-fp-sS- t£-aw- h-f¿-Øp-I.-
2.- Po-h-k-‘m-c-W-Øn-\p-≈- am¿-Kw-\¬-Ip-I.- kv-{Xo-˛-]p-cp-j- t`-Z-a-t\y- Xp-ey-tPm-en-°v- Xp-ey-i-º-fw-\¬-Ip-I.-
3.- sXm-gn-en-√m-bv-a,- hm¿-[-Iyw,- tcm-Kw,- _-e-lo-\-X- F-∂o- km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬- th-≠- k-lm-bw- \¬-Ip-I.-
4.- Po-h-\-°m¿-°v- tbm-Ky-am-b- sXm-gn¬- hy-h-ÿ-I-fpw- am-\y-am-b- Po-hn-X- \n-e-hm-c-hpw- hn-{i-a-hpw- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I- {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃-°p-≈-A-h-k-c-hpw- D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I.-
5.- k-º-Øn-s‚- \ym-b-am-b- hn-X-c-Ww-D-d-∏m-°p-I.- k-º-Øv- Ip-d-®p-t]-cp-sS- ssI-I-fn¬- Ip-∂p-Iq-Sp-∂-Xv- X-S-bp-I.-
6.- e-l-cn-]-Zm¿-Y-߃- \n-tcm-[n-°p-I.-7.- {Km-a-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ- kw-L-Sn-∏n-
°p-I.-8.- \o-Xn-\ym-b-h-Ip-∏v- F-Iv-kn-Iyp-´o-
hn¬-\n-∂v- th¿-Xn-cn-°p-I.-9.- tZ-io-b- kv-am-c-I-߃- kw-c-£n-
°p-I.-10.- ]-´n-I-Pm-Xn-˛-]-´n-I-h¿-K-ß-fp-sS-
bpw- Zp¿-_-e- hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw-hn-Zym-`ym-k- km-º-Øn-I- Xm¬-]-cy-߃- kw-c-£n-°p-I.-
11.- tKm-h-[w- \n-tcm-[n-°p-I.- Ir-jn-bpw- ar-K-kw-c-£-W-hpw- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-°p-I.-
12.- A-¥m-cm-jv-{S-X-e-Øn¬- k-am-[m-\w- h-f¿-Øp-I.- A-¥m-cm-jv-{S- \n-b-a-ß-sf-bpw- I-cm-dp-I-sf-bpw- _-lp-am-\n-°p-I.-
13.- km-º-Øn-I-am-bn- ]n-∂m-°-am-b- hn-`m-K-߃-°v- ku-P-\y-am-b- \n-b-a-k-lm-bw- \¬-Ip-I.-
14.- -hy-h-km-b- ÿm-]-\-ß-fp-sS- \-S-Øn-∏n¬- Po-h-\-°m¿-°v- ]-¶m-fn-Øw- \¬-Ip-I.-
15.- -]-cn-ÿn-Xn- kw-c-£n-°p-I.- h-\-߃,- h-\y-Po-hn-Iƒ- F-∂n-h-sb-Im-Øp-c-£n-°p-I.-
16.- ]-Z-hn-bn-ep-≈- A-k-a-Xzw- C-√m-Xm-°p-I.- h-cp-am-\-Øn-ep-≈- A-k-a-Xzw- ]-c-am-h-[n- Ip-d-bv-°-pI.
-
2016 s^{_p-hcn- 1 ]nFkvkn _p≈‰n≥ 11
IcSn* ]m≠ G-Xv- Po-hn-h¿-K-Øn-se- Aw-K-am-Wv-*- -^n-≥e-≥Un-s‚- tZ-io-b- ar-Kw-*- -d-jy-bp-sS- tZ-io-b- ar-Kw-*- -h-\y-ar-K-ß-fn¬- G-Xv- Po-hn-bp-sS- Im-e-S-
bm-f-am-Wv- a-\p-jy-s‚- Im-e-S-bm-f-hp-am-bn-k-am-\-X- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂-Xv-
*- -Hm-l-cn- kq-Nn-I-bn-se- C-Sn-hn-s\- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- ar-Kw-
*- -tem-I-tØ-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- k-Ωm-\n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈- ]m-h-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv- sS-Õn.- C-Xv-G-Xv- Po-hn-bp-sS- cq-]-am-Wv?
s_¬Pnbw* \mt‰m-bp-sS- B-ÿm-\w- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-*- -A-t‰m-an-bw- F-∂- kv-am-c-Iw- G-Xv- cm-Py-
Øm-Wv-*- -bq-tdm-∏n-s‚- ]-S-°-fw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
cm-Pyw-*- -hm-´¿-eq- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øv-*- -tem-I-sØ- B-Zy-sØ- Hm-l-cn- hn-]-Wn- ÿm-
]n-X-am-b- B-‚ v-sh¿-]v- G-Xv- cm-Py-Øm-Wv-*- -bq-tdm-]y-≥ bq-Wn-b-s‚- B-ÿm-\w- G-Xv-
cm-Py-Øm-Wv-*- -bq-tdm-∏n-s‚- ]-Wn-∏p-c- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
cm-Pyw-*- -bq-tdm-∏n-s‚- tIm-°v-]n-‰v- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
cm-Pyw-*- -G-Xp- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- hn-am-\-k¿-ho-km-Wv- k-
_o-\-*- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- X-e-ÿm-\-am-Wv- {_-
k-¬kv
`KXv knMv* 1929˛¬- sk-≥{S¬- se-Pn-t…-‰o-hv- A-kw-
ªn-bn¬- _-Sp-tI-iz¿- Z-Øn-s\m-∏w- t_mw-_v- s]m-´n-®-Xv-
*- -C-≥Izn-em-_v- kn-µm-_m-Zv- F-∂-Xv- B-Zy-am-bn- ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-am-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv-
*- -em-tlm¿- Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-t°-kn-se- ap-Jy-{]-Xn-
*- -j-lo-Zv- C- A-kw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´-Xv-*- -ln-µp-ÿm-≥ tkm-jy-en-Ãv- dn-∏-ªn-°-≥
A-tkm-kn-tb-j-\v- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b-Xv-*- -`m-c-Xv- \u-P-hm-≥ k-`-bp-sS- ÿm-]-I- sk-
{I-´-dn-*- -1931 am¿-®v- 23\v- cm-Pv-Kp-cp,- kp-Jv-tZ-hv- F-
∂n-h¿-s°m-∏w- Xq-°n-te-‰-s∏-´-Xv-*- -c-‡-km-£n-I-fn¬- cm-P-Ip-am-c-≥ F-∂-dn-
b-s∏-´-Xv-*- -em-e- e-Pv-]-Xv- dm-bn-bp-sS- a-c-Øn-\p- Im-c-
W-°m-c-\m-b- km-≥tU-gv-kv- F-∂- t]m-eo-kp-tZym-K-ÿ-s\- h-[n-®-Xv-
*- -Rm-s\m-cp- Ip-‰-hm-fn-b-√- cm-Py- kv-t\-ln-bm-Wv- F-∂v- {]-J-ym]n®Xv
hn.Sn.`´Xncn∏mSv* ]Xnt\gmw hb n¬ A£cm`ymkw
Bcw`n® kmaqlnI ]cnjvI¿Ømhv* ASp-°-f-bn¬-\n-∂v- A-c-ß-tØ-°v- F-∂-
\m-S-Iw- c-Nn-®-Xv- (1929)-*- -tIm-¨-{K-kv- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-°m-
≥ t]m-b-Xn-\v- (1921)- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬-\n-∂v-]p-d-Øm-°-s∏-´- \-thm-∞m-\- \m-b-I-≥
*- -Xr-»q¿- ap-X¬- N-{µ-Kn-cn-∏p-g-h-sc- bm-N-\m-bm-{X-bv-°v- (1931)- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-b- \-thm-∞m-\- \m-b-I-≥
*- -aw-K-tfm-Z-bw- F-∂- ]-{X-Øn¬- {]q-^v- do-U-dm-bn-cp-∂- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv-
*- -B-cp-sS- B-fl-I-Y-bm-Wv- I-Æo-cpw- In-\m-hpw-*- -C-\n- \-ap-°v- A-º-e-߃-°p- Xo- sIm-fp-
Ømw- F-∂- e-Lp-te-J-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv-I¿-Øm-hv-
*- -tbm-K-t£-a-k-`-bn¬,- \-ºq-Xn-cn-sb- a-\p-jy-\m-°p-I- F-∂- B-]v-X-hm-Iy-tØm-sS-{]-h¿-Øn-®- \m-S-I-Ir-Øp-Iq-Sn-bm-b- \-thm-∞m-\- \m-b-I-≥
`q´m≥* C¥y-bp-sS- A-b¬-cm-Py-ß-fn¬- h-{Pm-b-
\- _p-≤-a-Xw- {]-Nm-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xv-
*- -C-¥y-bp-sS- A-b¬- cm-Py-ß-fn¬- ̀ -c-W-L-S-\m-[n-jv-Tn-X- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- am-Xr-I-bn-ep-≈- cm-P-`-c-Ww- F-hn-sS-bm-Wp-≈-Xv-
*- -X-t±-io-b¿- {Up-Iv-˛-bp¬- ({Um-K-s‚- \m-Sv-F-∂¿-Yw-)- F-∂p- hn-fn-°p-∂- cm-Pyw-
*- -s]m-Xp-ÿ-e-Øv- ]p-I-h-en- \n-tcm-[n-®- B-Zy-cm-Pyw-
*- -sam-Øw- B-`y-¥-c- k-¥p-jv-Sn- A-f-°p-∂-B-Zy- cm-Pyw-
*- -C-¥y-≥ D-]-`q-J-Wv-U-Øn-se- P-\-kw-Jy-Ip-d-™- cm-Pyw-
*- -C-Sn-an-∂-en-s‚- \m-Sv- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- cm-Pyw-*- -G-Xv- cm-Py-Øn-s‚- ]m¿-e-sa-‚m-Wv- tjm-
Mv-Up-*- -G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- P-\-hn-`m-K-am-Wv- `q-´n-b-*- -Kp¬-{Sw- G-Xv- cm-Py-sØ- \m-W-b-am-Wv-*- -Np-J- P-e- ssh-Zyp-X- ]-≤-Xn- G-Xv- cm-Py-
Øm-Wv-*- -_n-cp-Z-[m-cn-Iƒ-°p-am-{Xw- ]m¿-e-sa-‚n-te-°v-
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