lymphoma report

7/28/2019 Lymphoma Report

1/23

Edwin Anapen

Julianne Kate Castro

Etel Faith Dinamling


2/23

Also called as Hodgkins Lymphoma

Initially involves a single lymph node, usually inthe neck area.

Spreads to adjacent nodes in an orderly fashion

and then to organs via the lymphatic system. The T-lymphocytes appear to be defective

therefore, lymphocyte count is decreased.

REED STERNBERG CELL-cell marker for

Hodgkins; this is a giant cell present in thelymph node.

ANN ARBOR STAGING SYSTEM for Hodgkinsdisease uses the diaphragm as the landmark andis subdivided into 4 subtypes.


3/23

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Stage IV

Affects one lymph node

2 or more lymph nodes or

region at the SAME side of

diaphragm.

Involves BOTH sides of

diaphragm and spleen.

Involves extralymphatic suchas bone, lung, or liver.


4/23

1. EIPSTEIN BARR VIRUS-also known as the

kissing disease, transmitted by exchange

of saliva during kissing.

2. AGE (20-40 years)3. SEX (Men is at risk)

4. FAMILY HISTORY of lymphomas

5. WEAKENED IMMUNE SYSTEM -patient

receiving chronic immunosuppressivetherapy (renal transplant)


5/23

Large, Painless and nontender lymph node

often cervical (neck)

Pruritus

Fever Infection

Night sweats

Weight loss


6/23

Lymphocyte Predominance

Nodular Sclerosis

Mixed Cellularity

Lymphocyte Depletion


7/23

Found in all ages but more common in

adults.

Incidence in males exceeds that in females

Clinical presentation: involves peripheralnode; usually localized at diagnosis; survival

is long with or without treatment.


8/23


9/23

Common in adults

Incidence in males exceeds that in females

Clinical presentation: More advanced than in

nodular sclerosis and lymphocytepredominance subtypes.

Involves lymph nodes, spleen, liver, or bone

marrow.


10/23

Most common in elders, HIV positive

individuals, and persons in non-industrialized

countries.

Clinical presentation: involves abdominallymphadenopathy; spleen, liver and bone

marrow

More advanced stage


11/23

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION- checks for swollen lymph nodes,including in your neck, underarm and groin, as well as aswollen spleen or liver.

LYMPH NODE BIOPSY- removing a sample of lymph node

tissue for testing.

BLOOD & URINE TESTS- indicates the possibility of cancer.

IMAGING TESTS- X-rays, CT scan, MRI.

BONE MARROW TEST- bone marrow biopsy may be used tolook for signs of cancer in bone marrow. During thisprocedure, small amount of bone marrow, blood and boneare removed through a needle.


12/23

Surgery

Radiation

Chemotherapy

Staging Laparotomy-eliminate the need for

prophylactic radiation therapy to theabdomen and spleen, to those patients whodid not undergo exploration, therebydecreasing the chance of complication oftherapy.


13/23

Watch for and promptly report adverse effect ofradiation therapy and chemotherapy(particularly anorexia, nausea, vomiting,diarrhea, fever and bleeding).

Minimize adverse effect of radiation therapy bymaintaining good nutrition (aided by eating smallfrequent meals of favorite foods), drinkingplenty of fluids, pacing activity to counteracttherapy-induced fatigue and keeping the skinradiated areas dry.

CLINICAL TIP- control pain and bleeding ofstomatitis by using a soft tootbrush, cotton swabor anesthetic wash such as viscous lidocaine, byapplying petroleum jelly to the patients lips andby avoiding astringent mouthwash.


14/23

If a female patient is of childbearing age

advise her to delay pregnancy until

prolonged remission, because radiation

therapy and chemotherapy can cause genetic

mutations and spontaneous abortion.

Provide emotional support and offer

appropriate reassurance. Ease the patient

anxiety by sharing your optimism about hisprognosis.


15/23


16/23

Also called as Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma

Originates from the neoplastic growth oflymphoid tissue.

Involves multiple nodes scattered throughoutthe body.

It is a non-organized pattern of widespreadmetastases.

Frequently involve intestinal nodes andorgans in early stage.

About 80% of cases involve B-lymphocytes.

More difficult to treat when tumors are notlocalized.


17/23

AUTO-IMMUNE DISORDER

EXPOSURE TO SOLVENTS (DYES)


18/23

Lymphadenopathy

Pruritus

Fever

InfectionNight sweats

Weight loss


19/23

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION- checks for swollen lymph nodes,including in your neck, underarm and groin, as well as aswollen spleen or liver.

LYMPH NODE BIOPSY- removing a sample of lymph node

tissue for testing.

BLOOD & URINE TESTS- indicates the possibility of cancer.

IMAGING TESTS- X-rays, CT scan, MRI.

BONE MARROW TEST- bone marrow biopsy may be used tolook for signs of cancer in bone marrow. During thisprocedure, small amount of bone marrow, blood and boneare removed through a needle.


20/23

IMMUNOPHENOTYPING-used to study the

protein expressed by cells to detect tumor

marker.

CYTOGENETIC-study of the structure and

function of the cell, particularly

chromosomes, associated with heredity.


21/23

RADIATION

CHEMOTHERAPY


22/23

Observe the patient whos receiving radiationor chemotherapy for anorexia, nausea andvomiting or diarrhea, plan small frequentmeals, scheduled around treatment.

Instruct the patient to keep irradiated skindry.

Provide emotional support by informing thepatient and his family about the prognosis

And diagnosis and by listening to theirconcerns if needed, refer the patient andfamily to the society for information andcounceling.


23/23

Characteristics Hodgkins Lymphoma Non-Hodgkins

Lymphoma

Nodal involvement Localized to single

group of nodes

Mutiple nodes

Spread Orderly spread Non-organized pattern

B symptoms

(fever, weight loss,

night sweats)

Common Uncommon

Extranodal involvement Rare Common

Extent of disease Often localized Rarely localized

lymphoma report

Documents