lucrare sorg
TRANSCRIPT
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³The culture of Sweet³The culture of Sweet
SorghumSorghum on salty fields inon salty fields inwestern part of Romania,western part of Romania,
for biomass production´for biomass production´
Aurel Ardelean, Violeta Turcu, Iulian Octavian Stana³Vasile Goldi´ Western University Arad, Romania, Faculty of Biology
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INTRODUCTION
As the world·s population grows, the need to produce more food and feed will
increase pressure on fresh water resources for crops.
Sorghum is an important feed crop, that grown on more than 100 million acres
globally.
Sorghum grows in harsh environments where other crops do not grow well, and
sustain the lives of the poorest rural people.
In light of increased discussions regarding the competition between bioenergy andfood, Sweet Sorghum has emerged as a promising energy crop that offers potential
solutions to this conflict.
Due to the fact that it can be used for the production of food, first and second
generation biofuels as well as for fertilizer.
Salt stress or salinity is the most prevalent constraint in arid and semiarid regions
of the world that significantly reduce crop production.
Different methods, such as soil reclamation, irrigation, and drainage, are used to
reduce soil salinity but these methods are not economically viable.
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In our country,
halomorphic soils occupy
relative limited areas, but
those with high
degradation potential
have a larger spreading
(1.5 mil ha).
In general this
soils are intensively use
as pasture, with
extremely low productioncapacity.
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METHOD AND MATERIAL
T he purpose of this study is to improve the capacity of Sorghum production with all its elements: the assimilation of substances into the
stalk, panicle, grain and the number of grains on the panicle.
One of the purposes in sorghum amelioration process is the
tolerance improvement to: high temperatures, drought and high salinity
concentration in soil. T he last aspect was studied because of his
implication in diminishing sorghum production.
Sorghum Sorghum hybridshybrids
11 FloFlo 11-- 77//8383
22 FF 2121
33 FF 3030
44 FF 3232
55 FF 109109//8282
66 FF 103103 -- 55//8282
77 FF 104104 -- 44//8383
88 FF 104104 -- 55//8383
99 FF 103103 ² ² 1111//8383
1010 BB 864864
Were used 10 Sorghum
hybrids, on two soil variants with
different concentration of soluble salts,one under 0,2% and the other one over0,2%.
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RESULT AND DISCUTIONS
Beside the high tolerance of hybrids there were obtained hybrids rich inprotein 20-25%, essential aminoacids, especially lysine and tryptophan
and the biomass production increased with 30-40%.
Consanguinity is made in parallel with general combinative testing
capacity, making works for androsterility reaction determinations.
T he best results are obtained when were used androsterile lines as
maternal form, and as pattern form, restoring fertility consanguinity
lines.
Hybrid combination
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Obtained results concentration of soluble salts, one under 0,2%
6.6
8.4
6.8
8.17.2
8.3
6.7
8.3
0
5
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
pH
0.420.65
0.85 0.92
0.46
0.760.95
0.85
0
0.5
1
1.5
2ml/100 g sol
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
chlorides
0.1
2.1
0.64
3.84
0.21
1.66
0.43
2.73
0
1
2
3
4ml/100 g sol
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
sulfates
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The size of S orghum hybrids after 30 days from emergence
6 3 . 1
5058 .7
3 . 8 472 .3
6 3 . 76 8 . 7
59 .5 58 .8
73 .2
0
30
60
90
cm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
sorghum hybrides on soluble salts under 0.2%
30.726.6
25.6 3.84
20.3 20.2
30.127
21.9
31.6
0
25
50cm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
sorghum hybrides on soluble salts over 0.2%
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Correlation between soluble salts concentration and production obtain.
74 .
73 .¡
70 .¢ 3 .
£
468 .
¡ 72 .¡
70 .4
62 .¡
6069 .3
0
25
50
75
100
h
¤
¥
t o l i t
¦ i
¥
m
§
¨
¨
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
so © ghum h
b © id
s on solubl
salts o
© 0.2%
76 .172 .2 72 .4
72 .5
65 .565
6863 .5
55 .2
67
0
25
50
75
100
h
¤
¥
t o l i t
¦ i
¥
m a s s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
so©
ghum h
b©
id
s on solubl
salts und
©
0.2%
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CONCLUSIONS
Sorghum plant meets or exceeds expectations for determining the viability
of bi
omass use forbi
ofuels centers on the four general areas: energy balance, materiality, sustainability and economics.
Sorghum experiences a short vegetative period, at a very high
photosynthesis rate, it can produce more sugar than any other crop.
T he energy requirement for converting sweet sorghum juice into ethanol is
less than half of that required to convert corn into ethanol. T his is due to
the fact that the sugars in sweet sorghum juice are fermented directly.
Some types of sorghum can provide grain, which can be ground and usedfor food, or bi omass harvested earlier for bi ofuels .
Considering the global importance of s orghum as a food source, and theincreased interest as a source of renewa b le energy , it·s critical to utilize
new agricultural technologies that maximize the crop·s potential and
minimize its environmental impact.
Development of salt tolerant s orghum varieties can help farmers to
produce sorghum for feed or bi ofuel.
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B y applying ameliorative measure we contribute for hidric system
improving and for larger culture assortment amplification.
Soluble salt levels in the soil are important, because high soluble salts canreduce water uptake by plants, restrict root growth, cause burning of the
foliage, inhibit fl owering, and limit fruit and vegetable yields.
Sweet Sorghum has a great potential to help save fossil resources andreduce greenhouse gas emissions.
It is a promising crop as regards competition between bioenergy and food
production.
Because sorghum harvested for biomass can be harvested before maturity,
it is possible to grow it in a double-crop sequence with a winter annual.
Winter annuals are planted in the fall, grow rapidly in the spring, and canbe harvested anytime from late spring to early summer.