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�� Mtzp - Gul;lhjp> 2006Mtzp - Gul;lhjp> 2006

murpay;kag;gLj;jg;gl;lrpwpyq;fhtpd;...

murpay;kag;gLj;jg;gl;lrpwpyq;fhtpd;...

Mf;fpukpg;ghsUk;tpLjiyf;fhd...Mf;fpukpg;ghsUk;tpLjiyf;fhd...

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Mtzp Gul;lhjp 2006Mtzp Gul;lhjp 2006Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2006Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2006Mtzp Gul;lhjp 20060 20 20 20 20 2

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rikf;f KbAk; .rikf;f KbAk; .rikf;f KbAk; .rikf;f KbAk; .rikf;f KbAk; .- nre;Njhod; -

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Mtzp - Gul;lhjp> 2006Mtzp - Gul;lhjp> 2006Mtzp - Gul;lhjp> 2006Mtzp - Gul;lhjp> 2006Mtzp - Gul;lhjp> 2006 0 30 30 30 30 3

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\\gh;khtpy; tho;e;j nts;is ,d kf;fspy;

me;j ehl;L kf;fshy; kpff; $Ljyhf

ntWf;fg;gl;lth;fs; Mq;fpNyag; gilapdNu.

mth;fs; elj;ijia ehd; ghh;j;jstpy; gh;kpa

kf;fspd; ntWg;gpy; epahaKz;L|| vd;fpwhh;

Xh;nty;. Mq;fpNyah;fs; ntWf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;

vd;gJ kWf;fKbahj cz;ik. 1948Mk;

Mz;L gh;kh tpLjiy ngWk;tiu ePbj;j

gphpl;b\; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk;

vjph;g;Gf;fSk;> fyfq;fSk; ele;jd.

Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; gh;khtpy;

FbNawpa ,e;jpah;fSk; me;epah;fSf;F

vjpuhd Nghuhl;lq;fshy; kpfTk; ghjpf;fg;

gl;Ls;sdh;. gphpl;b\; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; xU

kpy;ypaDf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l gQ;rhgpfs;>

F[uhj;jpfs;> kjuhrpfs; (jkpoh;fs;) gh;khtpy;

FbNawpdh;. 1942Mk; Mz;L gh;kh [g;ghdpag;

gilfspd; gpbapy; te;jNghJ ngUksT

,e;jpah;fs; gh;khittpl;L ntspNawpdh;.

tpLjiyngw;w gh;khtpd; 1960fspy;

gutyhd me;epah; vjph;g;G eilngw;wJ. ,e;j

vjph;g;G ngUk;ghYk; ,e;jpah;fSf;F vjpuhf

elj;jg;gl;lJ. tl;bf;Fg; gzk; toq;Fk;

jkpo;ehl;Lr; nrl;bahh;fSk; jQ;rhT+h;

th;j;jfh;fSk; tpul;lg;gl;ldh;. rKjha uPjpapy;

,e;jpah;fs; gh;kpa kf;fNshL ,ize;J

ele;jjpy;iy. jkpoh;fs; gh;kpag; ngz;izj;

jpUkzk; nra;a Neh;e;jhy; mg;ngz;zpd;

ngw;whh; tPl;by; cztUe;Jtijj;

jtph;j;jhh;fs;. ngUksT jkpoh;fs;

ntspNaw;wg;gl;Ltpl;lhYk; ,d;Wk; jiyefh;

uq;$dpy; (,g;NghJ aq;nfhd vd;W ngah;

khw;wk;) irtf;Nfhapy;fSk;> jkpo;NgRk;

jkpoh;fSk;> jkpoh;fspd; th;j;jf epiyaq;fSk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,e;Njh - kpad;khh; vy;iyg;Gw

efukhd NkhNwapy; (MOREH) 17>000

tiuapyhd jkpo;ehl;Lj; jkpoh;fs;

tho;fpd;wdh;. ,th;fs; %d;Wfl;lkhf

kpad;khhpy; ,Ue;J ,q;F te;Js;sdh;.

Kjw;fl;lkhf [g;ghdpag;

gilnaLg;gpd;NghJ gyh; Rgh\; re;jpuNgh];

topelj;jpa ,e;jpa Njrpa ,uhZtj;jpy;

(INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY - INA)

cWg;gpdh;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. gh;khtpypUe;J

Rgh\pd; I.vd;.V ,uhZtk; NkhNwapd; Clhf

,e;jpahTf;Fs; Eioe;jJ. Rgh\pd;

,uhZtk; gpd;thq;fpaNghJ rpy jkpoh;fs;

NkhNwapy; jq;fptpl;ldh;. 1960fspy; gh;kpar;

rh;thjpfhhp n[duy; Netpd; (GEN.NEWIN)

Ml;rp ,e;jpah;fis tpul;baNghJ ,e;jpa

tk;rhtopj; jkpoh;fs; NkhNw nrd;wdh;. rpyh;

,e;Njh - kpad;khh; vy;iyNahuf; fpuhkq;fspy;

kpad;khUf;Fs; tho;fpd;wdh;.

,e;jpahtpd; kzpg;G+h; khepyj;jpd;

vy;iyNahu efukhd NkhNw kzpg;G+h;

,];yhkghj; jiyefhpypUe;J 110fp.kP

J}uj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. jiyefhpd; Miz

,q;F nry;YgbahtJ kpff; FiwT. NkhNw

xU flj;jy;fhuhpd; Mjpf;fk; epyTk; th;j;jf

efuk;. mjDila Gtpapay; miktplk;

vy;iy th;j;jfj;jpw;F kpfTk; cfe;jJ. ,t;

th;j;jfk; jkpoh;fs; ifapy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,g;gpuhe;jpag; nghUshjhu rf;jpahfj; jkpoh;fs;

,lk;ngWfpd;wdh;. ,th;fSila G+h;tPfk;

jQ;irahf ,Ue;jhYk; vd;Nwh xUehs;

jkJ kpad;khhpd; gioa tho;tplq;fSf;Fj;

jpUk;GNthk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; tho;fpd;wdh;.

,th;fs; midtUk; jkpo;NgRk; ,e;Jf;fs;.

nghpa Nfhapy; fl;b topgLfpwhh;fs;.

vq;fSila Njrpaj; jiyth; mth;fis

xt;nthUth; tPl;bYk; glkhf itj;Jg;

G+rpf;fpwhh;fs;. jhafk; nry;tjw;Fg; gpughfud;

topfhl;Lthh; vd;gJ mth;fs; ek;gpf;if.

gphpl;b\; Ml;rpf;F vjpuhd ,e;jpa

kf;fspd; KjyhtJ vjph;g;G 1857,y; njhlq;fp

1859tiu ePbj;jJ. ,ij ,e;jpa kf;fspd;

KjyhtJ vOr;rp vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;lhYk;

mJ gphpl;b\; ,uhZtj;jpd; ,e;jpag;

gilapdhpd; vjph;ghfNt Mq;fpNyah;fshy;

ghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ,Jgw;wp [yfh;yhy; NeU

jdJ fz;Lzh;e;j ,e;jpah (DISCOVERY OF

INDIA) vd;w E}ypy; \\1857 - 1858,y; ele;j

Gul;rp> mbg;gilapy; epyg;gpuGf;fspd;

vOr;rpjhd;. mjpy; Njrpa Nehf;fk; XusT

njd;gl;;lJ vd;gijj; jtpu Ntnwhd;Wk;

,y;iy. rpy rpw;wurh;fSk;> epyg;gpuGf;fSk;

Mjutspj;jjhy;jhd; Mq;fpNyah; ntw;wp

ngw;wdh;.|| Nkw;Fehl;L Ma;thsh;fs; ,ij

rpg;gha;f; fytuk; (THE SEPOY MUTINY)

vd;Wjhd; jkJ tuyhw;W E}y;fspy;

vOJthh;fs;.

kfhj;kh vdg;gLk; Nkhfd;jh];

fuk;re;j fhe;jpapd; tUiff;Fg; gpd; ,e;jpa

tpLjiyg;Nghh; Kw;wpYk; khWgl;l tbtk;

vLj;jJ. 1893Mk; Mz;L mth; tof;fwpQh;

njhopy; nra;tjw;fhf nts;is ,dntwp

Ml;rp epyTk; njd; Mgphpf;fhTf;Fr; nrd;whh;.

,Ugj;jpuz;L tUlfhyk; mth; mq;NfNa

,Ue;jhh;. nts;is murhy; njd; Mgphpf;fh

tho; ,e;jpa kf;fs; elj;jg;gLk; fPo;j;

juj;Jf;F vjpuhff; fhe;jp xj;Jioahik

,af;fj;ij Muk;gpj;jhh;. fhe;jp rpiwapy;

milgl;lhh;. Mdhy; ,e;jpah;fSf;F XusT

epahak; fpilj;jJ. ,e;j rhj;tPf vjph;g;G

,af;fk; gw;wp ney;rd; kz;Nlyh jdJ

tho;f;if E}ypy; kpfTk; cah;jukhf tpje;J

ghuhl;bAs;shh;.

\\,e;jpah;fs; elj;jpa vjph;g;gpaf;fk;>

rpiwthrk; gw;wpa mr;rj;ijf; fWg;gpdj;jth;

kdjpypUe;J mfw;wpaJ. tpLjiy ,af;fk;

vd;why; ntWk; Nkilg;Ngr;ry;y vd;gij

czh;e;Njhk;. kpfTk; EZf;fkhd

xOq;fikg;G> jpl;lkply; vd;gNjhL kf;fs;

vOr;rpAk; xd;wpize;J ,e;jpah;fSf;Fg;

gyk; nfhLj;jJ. 1913,y; kfhj;kh elj;jpa

rhj;tPf vjph;g;gpaf;fj;ij 1946,y;

kUj;Jth;fshd lh^Tk; ehaf;fUk;

(DRS.DADOO AND NAICKER) elj;jpdhh;fs;.

,e;jpah;fspd; vjph;g;gpaf;fk; Mgphpf;fj; Njrpaf;

fhq;fpurpw;F tpopg;G+l;baJ kz;Nlyh.

1915,y; kfhj;kh ,e;jpah nrd;Wtpl;lhh;.

mth; Mgphpf;fhTf;F tf;fPyhfr; nrd;whh;.

mq;fpUe;J ,e;jpahTf;F kfhj;khthfj;

jpUk;gpdhh;.

fhe;jpapd; ,e;jpah tUif> %r;Rj;

jpzwpath;fs; Kfj;jpy; ,dpa njd;wy; fhw;W

tPrpaJ Nghd;wjhf ,Ue;jJ vd;fpwhh; NeU.

mth; mr;rkpd;ikiag; Nghjpj;jhh;.

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Gjpjy;y. [dfUk; af;Qty;f;aUk; \kf;fs;

kdjpypUf;Fk; mr;rj;ijg; Nghf;FtJjhd;

jiytdpd; Kjw;gzp| vd;W

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kf;fSf;Fj; njhpe;jJ mr;rk; xd;Wjhd;.

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mr;rk;> ,ufrpaf; fz;fhzpg;ghsh;fisf;

fz;L mr;rk;> epyg;gpuGf;fspd;

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jiyikia Vw;whh;. me;epa Mjpf;f

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me;epaUf;F ,lkpUf;fhJ. me;epauhl;rp

,uhZt cjtpAld; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. rptpy;

eph;thfk; elg;gJ Nghd;w Njhw;wg;ghL

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NghUghaj;jhy; fl;Lg;ghl;by;

nfhz;Ltug;gl; kf;fs; kPjhd Ml;rp kdpj

tuyhw;wsT goikahdJ. Mdhy; etPd

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tYt+l;lg;gl;Lk; cs;sJ. Ml;rpf;Fhpa

mjpfhuk; ,uhZt tYtpy; ,Ue;J

gpwg;gjhy; mjw;Ff; fhl;Lk; vjph;g;G ,uhZt

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vjph;ghh;f;fhtpl;lhYk; jkJ

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vjph;g;ig eRf;Ftjw;F ,uhZt

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csTg;gilapdh; xl;Lg;gilapdiur;

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,uhZtj;jpdhpd; fl;lisg;gb ,aq;FfpwJ.

fy;tp mjpfhupfs; ,uhZtj;jpdhpd;

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rhrdj;jpw;Fr; nra;ag;gl;l 13Mk; jpUj;jj;jpd;

fPo; mikf;fg;gl;l khfhz rigapdhpd;

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epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. eph;thfNritapd;

epakq;fSf;Fg; Gwk;ghfj; jpUNfhzkiy

khtl;lj;jpd; mur mjpguhf Nritapy;

,Ue;J Xa;Tngw;w xU ,uhZt

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vt;tifg;

NghhpYk; gilf;fhd

Ml;Nrh;g;G kpf Kf;fpak;.

jhkhfNt Kd;te;J

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vz;zpf;if xg;gPl;by;

FiwT. gilapy;

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vz;zpf;ifiaf;

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Njitg;gLfpwJ.

Vw;fdNt gilapy;

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typikiaf;

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fth;e;J ,Og;gjw;Fk;

gpurhuk; Njitg;gLfpwJ.

mjpfhhp mkh;j;jg;gl;Ls;shh;. me;epah;

Ml;rpapd; mj;jid FwpaPLfSk; ,d;W

jkpoh; jhafj;jpy; epyTfpwJ.

etPd rh;tNjr murpay;

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Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. 17Mk; E}w;whz;L

njhlf;fk; Nkw;FehLfs; kj;jpapy; epyTk;

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fhyq;fspy; Nghh;jhd; ,ay;Gepiy vd;Wk;

mikjp xU mrhjhuz ,ilntsp vd;Wk;

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Nkw;$wpa ahtw;wpw;Fk; KuzhdJ.

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brk;gh; 27> 1979Mk; ehs; Nrhtpaj;

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ehl;bw;Fs; GFe;jd. mg;Nghija mjpgh;

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gilnaLg;ig mth;fs; Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

gj;JtUlk; ePbj;j ,e;j Mf;fpukpg;gpy; 1.3

kpy;ypad; Mg;fhd; kf;fSk; 15>000 U\;aj;

JUg;Gf;fSk; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. 5 kpy;ypad;

kf;fs; ghfp];jhDf;Fj; jg;gpNahbdh;.

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mnkhpf;fh Nkw;nfhz;lJ. xrhkh

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tpsk;guq;fs; kpfTk; fth;r;rpahf

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cyfg;Nghh; fhyj;jpy; gy Rw;Wg; gazq;fis

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nfhLg;gjpYk; ,e;jpa ebfh;fSk;> ghlfh;fSk;

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Ml;Nrh;g;G eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

rl;lj;jpd;%yk; mKyhf;fg;gLk; ,uhZt

Nrit \buhg;w;| my;yJ \nfhd;];fpwpg;\d;|

(DRAFT my;yJ CONSCRIPTION) vdg;gLk;.

ehl;il muR ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F

kf;fs; fl;lhakhf cjt Kd;tuNtz;Lk;

vd;gJ ,jd; mbg;gilf; fUj;J. ,];Nuy;

ngz;fSf;Fk; fl;lha ,uhZt Nritia

mKyhf;Fk; ehL. 17> 18> 19Mk;

E}w;whz;Lfspy; ele;j Nghh;fspy; fl;lha

,uhZtNrit GFj;jg;gltpy;iy. 18Mk;

E}w;whz;bd; gpnuQ;Rg; Gul;rpapy; \Fbkf;fs;

vy;NyhUk; ehl;bd; Nghh;tPuh;fs;| vd;w jpl;lk;

epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. mjd; njhlh;r;rpahf

neg;Nghypad; tuyhWfhzhj ngUk;

giliaj; jpul;Ltjw;fhf KO msT

fl;lha ,uhZtNritiag; GFj;jpdhh;.

mnkhpf;fh 18 tajpw;Fk; 45

tajpw;Fk; cl;gl;l Mz;fSf;F fl;lha

,uhZtg; gapw;rpia mKyhf;Fk; rl;lj;ij

1792,y; epiwNtw;wpaJ. Mdhy; ehd;F ehs;

gapw;rp khj;jpuk; toq;fg;gl;ljhy;

,r;rl;lj;jpd; tY Fiwthf ,Ue;jJ.

1903,y; ,r;rl;lk; mfw;wg;gl;lJ. 1860 -

1864,y; ele;j mnkhpf;f cs;ehl;Lg; Nghhpy;

gphptpidNfhhpg; Nghhpl;l njd;khepyq;fs;

1862,y; fl;lha ,uhZtNritiag;

GFj;jpd. mLj;j tUlk;> xd;wpize;j

mnkhpf;fhitg; ghJfhf;fg; Nghhpl;l

tlkhepy mjpgh; ypq;fd; jiyikapyhd muR

fl;lha ,uhZtNritr; rl;lj;ij

epiwNtw;wp mKyhf;fpaJ.

1914,y; njhlq;fpa Kjyhk; cyfg;

NghUf;Fg; gpd; gy INuhg;gpa ehLfs; fl;lha

,uhZtNritia mKyhf;fpd. gphpj;jhdpah

khj;jpuk; mijj; jtph;j;jJ. Njitahd

Ml;fisr; Nrh;g;gjw;F gphpj;jhdpahtpd;

fhydpfs; ,lkspj;jd. Mdhy; 1915,y;

jpBnud;W gphpj;jhdpah fl;lha ,uhZt

Nritr; rl;lj;ijg; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;

epiwNtw;wpaJ. Nk> 1917,y; mnkhpf;fh

Kjyhk; cyfg;Nghhpy; gq;Fgw;wj;

njhlq;fpaJ. njhpTnra;ag;gl;NlhUf;fhd

fl;lha ,uhZtNritr; rl;lj;ijf;

fhq;fpu]; cldbahf epiwNtw;wpaJ. kjk;>

kdr;rhl;rp Mfpa fhuzq;fSf;fhf MAjk;

Ve;j tpUg;gkpy;yhjtUf;F ,r;rl;lk;

tpjptpyf;F mspj;jJ. 17 taJf;Fk; 45

taJf;Fk; cl;gl;l Mz;fs; midtUk;

fl;lha ,uhZtNritf;F

miof;fg;gl;ldh;. ,r;rl;lj;jpd; fPo; 24

kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;fh;fs; gjpTnra;ag;gl;ldh;.

2>800>000Ngh; khj;jpuk; fsj;jpw;F

mDg;gg;gl;ldh;. Nghh; Kbe;jgpd; rl;lk;

fplg;gpy; Nghlg;gl;lJ.

1939,y; ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghh;

njhlq;fpaJ. 1941tiu mnkhpf;fh

gphpj;jhdpahTf;F MjuT toq;fpdhYk;

Neubahfg; Nghhpy; gq;Fgw;wtpy;iy. mnkhpf;f

tuyhw;wpy;> 1939 - 1941 tiuapyhd

tUlq;fspy; mikjpfhyf; fl;lha

,uhZtNritr; rl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ.

rpy Fwpg;gpl;l JiwapdUf;F tpjptpyf;F

mspf;fg;gl;lJ. rpyh; ed;F jpl;lkpl;L

,uhZtNritapy; ,Ue;J tpyfpepd;wdh;.

,th;fs; buhg;w; - nlh[h;fs; (DRAFT -

DODGERS) vd;W ,d;Wtiu Nfyp

nra;ag;gLfpd;wdh;. ,g;Nghija [dhjpgjp G\;>

Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjp fpspd;ud; ,jpy;

mlq;Fthh;fs;. mjpgh; nfdb flw;gilapy;

,ize;J gLfhak; mile;jth;. ,Nj

fhyj;jpy; fdlhTk; fl;lha ,uhZtNritr;

rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;wp mKyhf;fpaJ.

mth;fs; Nritf;F miof;fg;gLthh;fs;.

rptpy; tho;f;if elj;Jk; ,uhZtg; gapw;rp

ngw;wth;fs; wpNrt;l; gil cWg;gpduhth;.

,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghhpy; gq;Fgw;wg;

ngUksT mnkhpf;f Mz;fs; ntspehL

nrd;wgbahy; mnkhpf;fhtpd; MAjj;

njhopw;rhiyfis ,af;Ftjw;Fj; njhopyhsh;

jl;Lg;ghL Vw;gl;lJ. ,ij mnkhpf;fg;

ngz;fs; ,l;L epug;gpdh;. gPuq;fpfs;> jhq;fpfs;>

Nghh;tpkhdq;fs;> fg;gy;fs; fl;Lk;

njhopw;rhiyfspy; MW kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;fg;

ngz;fs; Nritapy; <Lgl;ldh;. ,th;fs;

midtUk; \Nwhrpfs;| (ROSIES) vd;W md;G

fye;j khpahijAld; miof;fg;gl;ldh;.

\Mzpia mbj;Jj; jiwAk; Nwhrpfs;|

(ROSIES THE RIVETERS) vd;gJ

,th;fSila KOg;ngah;. Nwhrpfspd;

vOr;rpf;Fg; gpd; mnkhpf;fg; ngz;fspd;

njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fs;> ngz;fs; rk;ge;jkhd

njhopw;rl;lq;fs;> ngz;fSf;fhd

njhopw;rhiy Cjpak; vd;gtw;wpy; ghhpa

khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. clYiog;gpy;

Mz;fisg; ngz;fs; tpQ;Rth; vd;W

Nghh;f;fhy mDgtk; czh;j;JfpwJ. Nrhtpaj;

xd;wpag; ngz;fs; Nghhpy; Nehpilahfg;

gq;Fgw;wp tPutuyhW gilj;jdh;.

rl;lk; ,aw;wp mjD}lhf ,uhZt

Nritf;F Ml;Nrh;f;Fk; toikiatpl

,d;DNkhh; tif tYf;fl;lha Ml;Nrh;g;G>

INuhg;gpa ehLfspy; Fwpg;ghf gphpj;jhdpahtpy;

,Ue;Js;sJ. ,isQh;fis mth;fSila

tho;tplq;fs;> gzpaplq;fs;

Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J rpiwg;gpbj;Jg; gilapy;

Nrh;g;ghh;fs;. murplk; ,ufrpakhfg;

gzk;ngWk; FOf;fs; ,ijr;nra;jd. gy

,isa tajpdh; ,t;thW fhzhky; NghtJ

toik. gphpj;jhdpaf; flw;gilapy;

rpiwg;gpbf;fg;gl;lth;fs; gzpahw;wpdh;.

jg;gpNahbdhy; Juj;jpg; gpbf;Fk; toikAk;

,Ue;jJ. mnkhpf;fhtpd; %d;whtJ mjpgh;

Njhk]; n[gh;rd; fhyj;jpy; (1801 - 1809)

mnkhpf;ff; fg;gy;fisg; gpupl;b\;

flw;gilapdh; epWj;jp jg;gpNahbNahiuj;

NjbAs;sdh;. gpwehl;L ,isQh;fisAk;

rpiwg;gpbj;J jkJ flw;gilapy;

,izf;Fk; tof;fj;ijg; gpupl;brhh;

nfhz;bUe;jdh;. 19Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Kjy;

fhy;gq;F fhyk;tiu ,g;gbahd gilf;Fr;

rpiwg;gpbf;Fk; tof;fj;ij Nkw;FehLfs;

nfhz;bUe;jd. mjpy; gphpj;jhdpah Kjyplk;

tfpj;jJ.

vkJ gilgyj;ijAk; jhf;Fjy;

jpwizAk; vjphpjhd; jPh;khdpf;fpwhd; vd;w

,uhZtf; Nfhl;ghL epytpaJ. thOk;

Kidg;Gs;s ,dk; vjphpapd; jhf;FjYf;F

Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; jdJ tYitg;

ngUf;FfpwJ. vjphpapd; jhf;FjYf;F epfuhfj;

jd;idg; gyg;gLj;jNtz;ba Njit mjw;F

,Uf;fpwJ. tpal;ehk; Nghiu cjhuzj;jpw;F

vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mnkhpf;fg; gilapdhpd;

vz;zpf;if> tpkhd Fz;LtPr;Rr; nrwpT>

Fz;Lfspd; vil vd;gtw;iw

cah;j;jpaNghJ jhf;Fjiy vjph;nfhs;tjw;F

KOehLk;> kf;fSk; jahuhfpd. mnkhpf;fh rpy

rz;ilfspy; ntd;wpUf;fyhk;> ,Wjp ntw;wp

tpal;ehk; kf;fs; gf;fNk. jhf;Fg; gpbf;Fk;

tY Mf;fpukpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F

,y;iynad;why; mopT epr;rak;.

- fyhepjp f.Nrhkh];fe;jd; -

Ngh;s; JiwKfj;jpd; kPjhd

[g;ghdpd; jpBh;j;jhf;Fjy; (07> brk;gh;> 1941)

mnkhpf;fhtpy; vg;NghJk; jahh; epiyapy;

,Uf;fNtz;ba mtrpaj;ij czh;j;jpaJ.

,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghh; Kbe;j gpd;Gk;

mnkhpf;fh 1948> 1951> 1955> 1959Mfpa

tUlq;fspy; Gjpa fl;lha ,uhZtNrit

rl;lq;fis epiwNtw;wpaJ. ,d;W 18taij

vl;ba xt;nthU mnkhpf;f MZk;

mz;ikapYs;s fl;lha ,uhZtNritg;

gjptfj;jpy; jd;idg; gjpT nra;aNtz;Lk;.

gps;isfs; cs;s jpUkzkhdth;fs;> rpy

Fwpg;gpl;l mur mjpfhhpfs;> \Nfe;jpu

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j Nritfspy;

<LgLNthh;> cly;tY> %is tYtpoe;Njhh;

tpjptpyf;fspf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. kjk; kw;Wk;

kdr;rhl;rpf; fhuzq;fSf;fhf MAjk; Ve;j

tpUk;ghjth;fs; ,uhZt kUj;Jtkidfs;

Nghd;wtw;wpy; gzpahw;wNtz;Lk;. ,t;thW

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,uhZtg; gapw;rp toq;fg;gLfpwJ. gapw;rp

Kbe;jgpd; mth;fs; rptpy; tho;f;iff;Fj;

jpUk;Gthh;fs;. Mdhy; mth;fs; ngah;

\wpNrt;l;| (RESERVED) gilapdh; gl;baypy;

,Uf;Fk;. ngUk; neUf;fbf; fhyj;jpy;

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\\ehd; gpbr;r ,lj;jpy xU mq;Fyk;$l tpl;Lf;nfhLf;fkhl;ld;

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mrhj;jpa Jzpr;ry;kpf;f tPud; jhd; Kd;Ndwpa ,lj;jpy;

epd;wgbNa rkhpl;L kbe;jhd;... me;j mikjpahd Nghh;tPud;

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nraypy; nka;g;gpj;jhd;.

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jJ. Mdhy; fle;jhf Ntz;Lk;. epidj;jTld;

jz;zPh; Fbj;jtd; grpj;jTld; tapW epug;gpf;

nfhz;ltd;. ,e;jg; gazk; KbAkl;Lk; ,it

fpilf;Fkh ,y;iyah vd;Wk; njhpahky;

vg;gbj;jhd; gazpg;gJ? mtdJ fhy;fs; ,e;jg;

gazj;jpw;F xj;jiof;Fkh vd;gjw;F ve;j

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naLj;Jitg;gJ? ,g;NghJjhNd mtd; Nghuhsp

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vjw;Fk; mQ;rpatdy;y. mtdplk; JzpT

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fspd; cUthf;fj;jpy; te;j mirf;fKbahf;

ftrk; jdJ mj;jid nraw;jpwd;fisAk;

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,d;DnkhU lhq;fpiaAk; GyptPuh;fs; mbj;J

vhpj;jhh;fs;. xU JUg;Gf;fhTk; ftrthfdk;

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mDkjpf;fhky; fsj;jpNyNa mth;fisr; Rl;L

tPo;j;jpdhh;fs;. vhpe;j lhq;fpfSld; Nrh;e;J ,uhZ

tj;jpd; Kd;NdWk; fdT vhpe;JNghdJ.

md;iwa ehspy; fhybf;Fs; vjphp te;jNghJ

mtd; Jtk;rk; nra;ag;gl;lhd;. ,e;j ehspd;

ntw;wpf;F kzptz;zdpd; Jzpr;rYk;

kjpEl;;gkhd rz;ilj;jpwDk; Kf;fpa fhuzkhf

mike;jJ.

xU mzpj;jiytd; jdpNa rz;ilfis

kl;Lk; topelj;Jgtd; my;y. mtd;jhd; jdf;Ff;

fPOs;s NghuhspfSf;F vy;yhKkhfpwhd;. tpNrl

NghuhspfSf;Fr; Ritahd rhg;ghL nfhLg;ghd;.

mg;NghJ mtd; xU mzpj;jiytdhf my;y.

xU jhahfNt ,Ug;ghd;. mtd; ntspg;gLj;Jk;

ghr czh;T$l xU jha;f;F epfuhdJ.

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Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,e;jj; jhf;Fjypy; Vida

gilazpfSld; Nrh;e;J tpf;lh; tpNrl ftr

vjph;g;G mzpAk; fskpwq;fpaJ. rz;ilfs; cf;

fpukhf ele;jJ. vjphpapd; muz;fis ClWj;J

cs;Eioe;j mzpfs; %h;f;fkhfr; rz;ilapl;

ld. tpNrl ftr mzpapd; ,d;ndhU mzpj;

jiytd; etr;re;jpudpd; mzp vjphpapd; Kfhkpw;

Fs; Kw;Wifaplg;gLfpd;wJ. njhiyj;njhlh;Gf;

fUtpapy; etr;re;jpudpd; Fuy; xypf;fpd;wJ.

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elf;fg;Nghfpd;wJ vd;gij kzptz;zdhy;

czuKbe;jJ. iffisg; gpire;jhd;. me;jr;

#oypy; mtdhy; vJTk; nra;aKbatpy;iy.

fhiy njhlq;fpa rz;il khiytiu vjphpapd;

7.00 kzp. rkUf;fhd mwpFwpaha; vwpfizfs;

fzf;fw;w tpjj;jpy; me;j epyk; KOtJk;

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nrhy;fpd;whh;. jhd; ciwe;J

NghdjhfNt rj;jpurpfpr;ir

kUj;Jth; czh;fpd;whh;.

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czh;Tfisf;

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jpUk;gp ,UtiuAk; khwpkhwpg;

ghh;f;fpd;whh;. ,th;fs; vd;d

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Ntz;Lk;. kUj;Jth; Kfj;ij

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(cz;ik epfo;T)

- J}atd; -

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Ch;fhtw;Wiw

Nkyjpf ePjpgjpahf...

Ch;fhtw;Wiwapd; ePjpkd;w

epahahjpf;f vy;iyf;Fs; flw;gilapd

Uk; xl;Lf;FOf;fSNk rl;ltpNuhjr;

nraw;ghLfspYk; Fw;wtpay; Fw;wq;fspYk;

<Lgl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;. ,th;fshy;

nfhLf;fg;gLk; ,uhZt mOj;jq;fs;

fhuzkhf fle;j xUtUl fhyj;jpy; gy

ePjpgjpfs; gy;NtW rk;gtq;fspd;NghJ gy

,d;dy;fSf;F cs;shdhh;fs;. epue;ju

ePjpgjp xUth; ePjpj;Jiwr; nraw;ghL

fSf;F Vw;gl;l ,ilA+Wfs; fhuzkhf

Xa;Tngw;Wr; nrd;whh;. ,d;ndhU gjpy;

ePjpgjpnahUth; MAjKidapy; jdJ

flikiar; nra;atplhJ jLf;fg;gl;lhh;.

,e;j epiyapy; jpUkjp =epjp ee;jNrfud;

mth;fs; Ch;fhtw;Wiwapd; Nkyjpf

ePjpgjpahf epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. ,th; gjtp

Vw;gjw;Fr; rpy ehl;fspd; Kd;G Gq;FLjPT

,sk;ngz; ,isajk;gp jh;rpdp 16.12.2005

md;W flw;gilapduhy; ghypay; ty;Yw

Tf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;L gLnfhiy nra;ag;

gl;L fy;NyhL fl;b fpzw;wpDs; Nghlg;

gl;lhh;. ,Jnjhlh;ghf kuz tprhuiz

fis Nkw;nfhz;l jpUkjp.=epjp ee;j

Nrfud; mth;fs; jk; Kd;dhy; mspf;fg;

gl;l rhl;rpaq;fspd; mbg;gilapYk;

kUj;Jtr; rhd;Wfspd; mbg;gilapYk;

nfhiyahspfshy; iftplg;gl;L fpzw;wb

apy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l ,uhZtj;

njhg;gp> rk;ghj;J milahsq;fisAk;

mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L rk;ge;jg;gl;l

%d;W flw;gilr; rpg;gha;fisAk; ifJ

nra;J ePjpkd;wpy; epWj;JkhW Ch;fhtw;

Wiw nghyp];epiyag; nghWg;gjpfhhpf;F

cj;junthd;iwg; Nghl;lhh;. nghyprhh;

eltbf;if vLf;fTkpy;iy rpg;gha;

fisf; ifJnra;aTkpy;iy. mth;fs;

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murpdhy; tpjptpyf;fspf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;.

,izj;jiyik ehLfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w

IMPUNITY njhluyhapw;W. ,d;ndhU

mj;jpahaj;jpw;Fs; GFe;jJ.

jPtfg; gLnfhiyfs;

,e; epiyapy; ̀ w;widr; Nrh;e;j

n[auhk; nwh];f;fp vd;gth; Ch;fhtw;Wiw

ePjpgjpahfj; njhpTnra;ag;gl;lhh;. ,tuJ

fhyj;jpy;jhd; 13.05.2006 md;W my;iyg;

gpl;b> Ntyiz> Gspaq;$ly; Mfpa

,lq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd; flw;gilahYk;

xl;Lg;gilahYk; MWkhjf; Foe;ij>

2006Mk; Mz;L nrg;nuk;gh; khjk;

12Mk; jpfjp ,izj;jiyik ehLfs;

gpunry;]; vd;w efhpy; ntspapl;Ls;s

$l;lwpf;ifapy; gpd;tUk; thrfk; fhzg;

gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;j

tifapy; kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; njhlh;

ghf Mokhf Muha;e;Js;sJ. ,yq;if

iag; nghWj;jtifapy; ghJfhg;Gg; gil

apdhpd; kdpj chpikkPwy; njhlh;ghfg;

Gydha;T nra;ag;gLtJkpy;iy kdpj

chpikfis kPWNthh; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Kd;

epWj;jg;gLtJkpy;iy. Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gL

Nthh; my;yJ Fw;wthspfs; Fw;wj; jPh;g;

gpypUe;J tpjptpyf;fspf;fg;gLk; fyhr;

rhuk; ,yq;ifapy; Kw;whf epWj;jg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. “THE CULTERE OF IMPUNITYMUST STOP” vd;gNj ,izj;jiyik

ehLfspd; fUj;jhFk;. ,jpy; IMPUNITYvd;wnrhy; kpfg; gpujhdkhFk;. ,jd;

mh;j;jk; ahnjdpy; Fw;wj;jPh;g;gpy; ,Ue;J

tpjptpyf;fspj;J tpLjiy nra;jy;

MFk;. mjhtJ “FREE FROM PUNISH -MENT” ,t;thwhdnjhU ePjpj;Jiwapd;

nraw;ghL rh;tNjr ePjpj;Jiw epakq;

fSf;F Kw;wpYk; KuzhdjhFk;.

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kw;wjhfTk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gNj

ePjpj;Jiwapd; kFl thrfkhFk;. ve;jj;

jiyaPLkw;w RahjPdkhd ePjpj;Jiwr;

nraw;ghLfNs ,d;W Nkd;ikg;gLj;jg;

gLfpd;wJ. A+j ,d xopg;gpy; <Lgl;l

fpl;yUk; mtuJ mbahl;fSk; kpA+ud;

Ngh;f; rh;tNjr tprhuizf;F cl;gLj;jg;

gl;ldh;. ,NjNghy; rpypehl;L Kd;dhs;

jiyth; gpdhNr> A+Nfh];yhtpahtpd; Kd;

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tpd; Kd;dhs; jiyth; rhs;]; nla;yh;

Nghh;f;fhyf; Fw;wq;fSf;fhfTk; kdpjg;

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kd;wq;fspd; Kd;dhy; epWj;jg;gl;lJ

tuyhW.

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fshff; fzpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;l ,yq;if

apd; gy ,uhZt cah; mjpfhhpfs;

,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; fle;j fhyq;

fspy; ntspehLfSf;F ,yq;ifapd;

J}Jth;fshf mDg;gg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.

Nk[h; n[duy; [hdf ngNuuh> nyg;.

n[duy; rprpy; itj;jpaul;zh> nyg;.

n[duy; rpwpy; uzJq;fh kw;Wk; nwhfhd;

jStj;j Nghd;wth;fisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

2005Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; khjk;

17Mk; jpfjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\ ,yq;if

apd; 5MtJ epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk;

nfhz;l rdhjpgjpahfj; njhpTnra;ag;

gl;lhh;. ,jd; gpd;dh; jkpoh; jhafj;jpy;

gLnfhiyfSk; MAjjhhpfspd; nfhs;

isr; rk;gtq;fSk; ,uhZtg; Gydha;

thsh;fspd; nts;isthd; flj;jy;

rk;gtq;fSk; mjpfhpf;fyhapd. kpf

Nkhrkhd kdpj chpik kPwy;fSk; jkpoh;

jhafj;jpy; flikahw;Wk; ePjpgjpfs;

,j;jifa mur gaq;futhjk; fhuzkhf

,yq;ifapd; rl;lthf;f tuk;GfSf;Fs;

epd;Nwh my;yJ ePjpkd;w epahahjpf;fj;

Js; epd;Nwh nraw;glKbahj epiyik

cs;sJ. ePjpj;Jiwapd; rl;lthl;rpf;

Nfhl;ghLfs; rpijf;fg;gl;ld. ePjpj;Jiw

apd; RahjPdk; cjhrPdk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

tlf;fpYk; fpof;fpYk; gue;Jepw;Fk;

,Uk;Gj; njhg;gpfspd; K\;bf; fuq;fs;

rkhjhdg; Gwhtpd; fOj;ij kl;Lk; jpUf

tpy;iy. ePjpNjtijapd; Fuy;tisia

Ak; Fwpghh;f;fj; njhlq;fpd. ,izj;

jiyik ehLfs; Fwpg;gpLk; IMPUNITY,q;F MoNth; gug;gp mfy tphptila

yhapw;W.


aho;.Nkyjpf ePjpgjp kPjhd

nfLgpbfSk; mr;RWj;jy;fSk;

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aho;g;ghzf; FlhehL Ngupdthjg; gil

fspdJk; xl;Lf;FOf;fspdJk; jkpopdg;

gLnfhiyfSf;fhd uzfskhapw;W.

jpUNfhzkiyAk; kl;lf;fsg;Gk; ,Nj

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fspd; NghJ kuz tprhuizf;Fr; nrd;w

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nghJkf;fs; jkJ ,uj;j cwtpdh;fs;

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xl;Lf;FOtpdhYk; gLnfhiy nra;ag;

gl;lhh;fs; vd;w tpguj;jpidj; njhptpj;jhh;

fs;. Rw;wptisg;Gfspd; NghJ jiyahl;b

fs; Kd;dhy; epWj;jg;gl;l mg;ghtpj;

jkpoh;fs; vt;thW ifJnra;ag;gl;Lf;

fhzhky; Nghdhh;fs; vd;w tpguq;fisj;

njhptpj;jhh;fs;. ,ijj; njhlh;e;J mth;

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fspd;NghJ ghJfhg;Gg; gilapdh; me;je;

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ahsh;fsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl Ntz;L

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cj;juT gpd;gw;wg;gltpy;iy. ePjpkd;w

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gaKWj;jy;fSf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;lhh;

fs;. ,izj; jiyik ehLfs; Fwpg;gpLk;

IMPUNITY NkYk; njhlh;tjhapw;W.

fWg;Gj; Jzpahy;

Kfj;ij %bkiwj;jy;

aho;g;ghzf; Flhehl;by; tPjpr;

NrhjidfspYk; ,uhZtr; Nrhjidr;

rhtbfspYk; flikapy; <LgLj;jg;gl;l

,uhZtr; rpg;gha;fs; rl;lj;jpd; gpbap

ypUe;J jg;Gtjw;fhfj; jkJ Kfj;ijf;

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mg;ghtpj; jkpoh;fisf; ifJnra;tjpYk;

,k;irg;gLj;JtjpYk; jhf;FtjpYk;

<Lglyhapdh;. ,itgw;wp Vuhskhd

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kf;fshy; aho;g;ghz ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Fr;

nra;ag;gl;ld. ,itnjhlh;ghf tprhhpj;J

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aho;g;ghzj;jpy; jq;fpAs;s gilj;Jiwj;

jiyik mjpfhhpfis ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F

tUkhW jpUkjp =epjp ee;jNrfud;

fl;lisfis mDg;gpdhh;. Mdhy;

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jiyik mjpfhhpfs; ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F

tutpy;iy. khwhf mq;Fs;s ,ilepiy

mjpfhhpfNs ePjpkd;wj;jpw;F te;jhh;fs;.

mth;fsplk; fWg;Gj;Jzpahy; %bkiwf;

Fk; ,uhZtr; rpg;gha;fs; gw;wp ePjpgjp

mth;fs; Nfs;tp vOg;gpaNghJ> ,dpNky;

mt;thwhff; fWg;Gj;Jzpahy; Kfj;ij

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khl;lhh;fs; vd gilj;jug;ghy; mtUf;F

cj;juthjk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;

mJ xUNghJk; mKy;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.

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IMPUNITY NkYk; njhluyhapw;W. mJ

njhlh;fijahapw;W.

ehYtaJf; Foe;ij cl;gl 12 nghJ

kf;fs; xNu ,utpy; Rl;Lg; gLnfhiy

nra;ag;gl;lhh;fs;. ,J njhlh;ghfg; nghJ

kf;fshy; mspf;fg;gl;l rhl;rpaq;fspd;

mbg;gilapy; ,g;gLnfhiyapy; rk;ge;jg;

gl;l flw;gilr; rpg;gha;fisAk; Vida

nfhiyahspfisAk; ifJnra;AkhW

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gpj;jhh;. Ch;fhtw;Wiwg; nghyprhuhy;

vtUk; ifJnra;ag;glTkpy;iy> mth;

fshy; Fw;wg;gj;jpuq;fNsh Nkyjpf

mwpf;iffNsh gpNuj ghpNrhjidapd;

kUj;Jt rhd;WfNsh ePjpkd;wpy; rkh;g;

gpf;fg;glTkpy;iy. ,jdhy; tprd

kile;j ePjpgjp ,t; tplaq;fisg;

nghyp];kh mjpghpd; ftdj;jpw;Fk;>

rl;lkh mjpghpd; ftdj;jpw;Fk; nfhz;L

te;jhh;. Mdhy; ve;jtpjkhd gpuNahrd

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Fwpg;gpLfpd;w IMPUNITY njhluyhapw;W.

jkpoh;fs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhh;fs;.

jpUkjp ee;jNrfud; kPJ

nfhiyKaw;rp

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fg;gl;l nghJkf;fSf;F NkYk; ghjpg;

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ee;jNrfud; jdJ flikiar; nra;J

te;jhh;. ,e;j epiyapy; aho;ghzf; Flh

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jkf;Ff; fpilj;j rhl;rpaq;fspd; mbg;

gilapy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l re;Njf egh;fisf;

ifJnra;tjpy ; k pff; fLikahd

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nfhz;lhh;. mtuJ rl;l tuk;gpw;F

cl;gl;l nraw;ghLfshy; mjpUg;jp

mile;j ghJfhg;Gg; gilapdh; 08.07.2006

rdpf;fpoik mtuJ fhh; kPJ aho;g;ghzk;

gyhyptPjp guNk];tuhr; re;jpf;F mUfpy;

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abf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jr; rk;gtj;jpy; rk;ge;

jg;gl;l %d;W rpg;gha;fs; ifJnra;ag;

gl;lNghJk; mth;fs; kPJ ,Jtiu

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nfhz;L Nghfpd;whh ;fs;. ,izj;

jiyik ehLfs; Fwpg;gpg;gpLk; IMPU -NITY ,q;Fk; njhlh;fpd;wJ. ,yq;if

murhq;fk; ,th;fs;kPJ rl;leltbf;if

vLf;Fk; vd;w ek;gpf;if vtUf;Fk;

,y;iy.

Culq;F Neuj;jpy;

my;iyg;gpl;bg; gLnfhiy

fle;j 11.08.2006 aho;g;ghzf;

Flhehl;by; mrhjhuz #o;epiy cU

thdJ. mijj; njhlh;e;J ,uz;L

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jpUe;j kf;fSk; tPLfspy; jq;fpapUe;j

gLnfhiynra;ag;gl;l jh;rpdp (16.12.2005)

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my;iyg;gpl;bg; gLnfhiy (13.05.2006)

(xNu FLk;gj;ijr; Nrh;e;j 6khj> 4taJf;

Foe;ijfs; cl;gl....


nghJkf;fSk; vy;yhkhf ehw;gjpw;Fk;

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fs; jdJ nrhe;j thfdj;jpy; Gwg;gl;Lr;

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nrhe;jkhd Nehahsh; fhT tz;bia

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ghf ve;jtpjkhd eltbf;ifiaAk;

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17.06.2006 md;W Ngrhiy ntw;wpehafp

Myaj;jpy; jq;fpapUe;j nghJkf;fs; kPJ

flw;gilapdh; Nkw;nfhz;l jhf;Fj

nyhd;wpy; xU ngz; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;. 54

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