ltte news paper_120

8/18/2019 ltte news paper_120

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nfhz; bUe; jJ. ,iur;riyAk; Nktp ngupa

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\\kpjpntb ntbr;rpl; LJ||,j;jid fhyKk; mtu;fNshL

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ahj epiy. gy;iyf; fbj; J Ntjidia jdf; Fs;Ns mlf; fpdhd;. ,d; ndhU gfw; nghOij mq;Nf fopf; fKbahJ vd; w Mgj;ij czu; e;

jhu; fs;. mtu; fs; vjpupapd; gpuNjrj;ij flf; fKjy; nghOJ tpbe; JtpLk; vd; w mghaKk;,Ue; jJ. epw; gJk;> efu; tJk; Mgj; jhdjh

apUe; jJ. mJTk; elf; ff; $l Kbahjtu; fs;vg;gb me;j ePz;l gpuNjrj;ijf; flf;fg;Nghfpwhu; fs;. mjw; Fs; xUtDf;Ff; fhak;.

mtid vg; gbAk; fhg; ghw; wNtz; Lk;. Kjypy; %d; WNgu; Nru; e; J mtidj; J}f; fp XLfpd; whu; fs;. mJ rpukkhapUf; fpwJ. gpd; ,uz; LNgu;.. mJTk; rpukkhfTs;sJ. filrpahf

jdpnahUtd;.vq; fpUe; J ,e; jg; gyk; te; jJ. jhNd

elf; fKbahJ rpukg; gl; ltd;. vg; gb ,e; jf; flw; fiu kzypw; Fs;shYk;> miyfspw; Fs;sh Yk; ,d;ndhUtiur; Rke;Jnfhz;L XlKbfpwJ. Njhoidf; fhg; ghw; wNtz; Lk; vd; w

Jbg;G. vt; tsT cd; dj gyj;ij mtdpw; Fs; nfhLj; jpUf; fpwJ. el; gpw; F vt; tsT typik.vjpupg; gpuNjrk; fle; J vq; fs; gpuNjrk; te; JNrUk;NghJ> ney;rid Rke; J te; j fiyaurd;kaq; fptpOe; jhd;. me; j Nttpd;NghJ nky; y

nky; y jq; fs; cliyf; fiuj; jtu; fs;> rz;il

apd;NghJ capu; fiue;jhu;fs; . mJTk; xUkioehspy; ele;jJ. fiyaurid ,oe;jNrhfj;NjhL Njhou; fisg;Nghy thdKk; mOJ

nfhz; bUe; jJ. ,g; gbg; gy ehl; fs; gyNgUf; F fope; jpUf; FNkh?

fhw;NwhL $bte; j kioj; J}thdk; epfo; fhyj; jpw; Fs; mioj; jJ. ,g;NghJ nga; J nfhz; bUf; Fk; kio XusT MWjyspj; jhYk;>,d; Dk; xOf; F tPLfSk;> mfjptho;T Kba

tpy;iyNa vd;W ftiyapUe; jJ. rPupy; yhj ghijfs;> mtyk; vy; yhk; jPu; e; J vg;NghJ vy;Nyh Uf; Fk; Mde; jkhd kio nga; ag;NghfpwJ.xUtUf; Fk; RlhJ vy;NyhUf; Fk; FspUk; gb

vg;NghJ kio nghopAk; ?

rpthTk;...> NruDk; tajpYk; Njhw; wj; jpYk; ,isatu; fs;. mJ n[arpf; FWa; neUf; fbr;#oy;... n[arpf; FWa; ,uhZtj; jpd; Kd; dzp epiyfis CLUtJ kpff; f];uk;. neUf; fkhf fhtyuz; mikf; fg; gl; bUf; Fk;. jilfisj; jhz; b kz; zizfspy; Vwpdh Yk; cs;Ns EioaKbahJ. ,Jtiu gy jlit Kaw;rpfs; Nkw; nfhs;sg; gl; lJ. rpy tPur; rhTfSk ;> tpOg;Gz;fSk;jhd; kpr;rk;.Kaw;rpfs; fLk; Njhy;tpfz;ld. cs;Ns

Eioe; J jfty; jpul; LtjpNyNa mLj; jfl; l jhf; Fjy; fs; jq; fpapUf; fpwJ.

md; wpuT rpthTk;> NruDk; cs;Ns EiotJ vd; w Xu;kj;NjhL Gwg; gl; lNghJkio Nyrhfj; J}wpf; nfhz; bUe; jJ. taJ

jJ. fhaq;fNshL fhy;fs;. kio mtid

tYthfg; ghjpj; jpUe; jJ. rP kioNa! \\Nrud; nrhd; d tupfis epidj; Jf; nfhz;Nl> ,t; tsT ehSk; ,uhZt Kfhkpw; Fs;NsNa epd; W> jfty; vLj; Jf; nfhz; L

kio rpd%l; Lks tpw; F XahJ nga; Jnfhz; b Ue; jJ. mjd; ,iur;ry; gykhdjhf ,Ue; jJ. mij rq;

fP jkhf ,urpf; f mq;Nf ahUk;,Uf; ftpy;iy. ahu; epd; why; $l,e; jf; fhtyuz; tho; f;ifapy;

mJ rq; fPjkhf Nfl ;fhJ. cjpu; e; j G + xd; wpd; kP J kioj; Jsp nrhl; bf; nfhz; bUe; jJ. me; jg; G + tpy; Nrw; Wkz; mg;G tJk;> fOTtJkhf fope; jJ nghOJ. kioePu; rpy G + f; fis,Oj; Jr; nrd; W nfhz; bUe; jd. mitfSk;

Mbaire ;J eP Nu hl ;lj;JlNd Ng ha ;f ; nfhz; bUe; jd. G + f; fs; nky; y> nky; y Kfq; fshfkhwpd. rpupj; jgb> Mokhfr; rpe; jpj; jgb. ,g; gbg;

gy tbtq;fs py;.. . ePNuhl;lj;jpd; NtfkhdRopg;Gfspw; Fs; rpf; fpagb rpthtpd; rpupj; j Kfk;...Nrudpd;... fs;skpy; yh ghrk; nghopAk; Kfk;...Ntfkhf Xbf; nfhz; b Uf; Fk; fhy nts;sj; jpy;

gpd;Nehf; fp epidTfs; ele; jd.

Kjpu;r;rpNah> mDgt Kjpu;r;rpNah mjpfkpy; yhj tu; fs;. cWjp kl; Lk; caukhf epw; f> \\ cs;Ns nry;fpNwhk; || vd;W Gd;difNahL tpil ngw; whu; fs;. ,tu; fis topaDg; gTk;> ghJfhg;G toq; fTk; nrd; wtu; fs; jilNahL jq; fptpl>,UtUk; xt; nthU jiliantl; b cs;Ns

nrd; whu;fs;. Mgj;ij vjpu; ghu; j; J mq; Fyk;> mq; Fykhf efuNtz; ba gpuNjrk;. mjw; Fs; epiwa fijj; Jf; nfhz; L te; jhd; Nrud;.\\kr;rhd;! fz; L mbr;rhy; cs; Sf; f gha; tk;...||rpy fhybj; J}uk; fle; J kWgbAk; rpthtpd;

fhJf; Fs; fpR fpRg; ghd;.

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nlhypfs;. gpd; vy; yh ,lKk; mikjp. kio fLk; ,Ul; L. mtu; fspw; F vd; d ele; jJvd; gJ njupahJ. tpil nfhLj; jtu; fsJ kdR

gijgijg;NghL ,Uz; L fple; jJ.kio tpl; L tpl; Lj; J}wpf; nfhz; b

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tpl; lhu; fs;. nky; ypa mUk;G kPirAs;s rpwpa

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fSk; te; JNghapd. rpth capNuhL ,Ug; ghd;vd; w ek; gpf;if Nja; e; Jtpl; lJ. Fiwe; jsthd

czTg; nghUl; fisNa nfhz; L nrd; wjhy;>vd; d f];ug; gl; Lk; %d; W ehspw; FNky; epw; fNtKbahJ. mJTk; tpl;L> tpl;Lg; nga;J

nfhz; bUf; Fk; kiof; Fs;.vl;lhtJ ehs; rpth ,dp tu

khl; lhd; vd; W kdk; cWjpahf ek; gj; njhlq; fp aJ. mtd; tho; tpd; NtTehl; fs; xd; wd; gpd;xd; whf epidtpy; njhlu; e; jd. xd; gjhtJ ehs;

gj; jpupifapy; mtdJ tPur;rhTr; nra; jpia ntspapl Maj; jq; fs; nra; ag; gl; Lf; nfhz; bUe; jJ. gj; jhtJ ehs;.. mjpfhiy mtd; te; jhd;.Njhw; wk; khwpapUe; jJ. gw; fs; gOg;NgwpapUe; jd.

Kbfs; fiye; J> MOf; fha; ,Ue; jJ. eid e; J fpope; JNghd MilfSk; Nrw; wpy; CwpapUe;

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N N N N N jf;f epiyapYs;s rkh jf;f epiyapYs;s rkh jf;f epiyapYs;s rkh jf;f epiyapYs;s rkh jf;f epiyapYs;s rkh jhd Kaw;rpfis Kd;dfu;j;jp jhd Kaw;rpfis Kd;dfu;j;jp jhd Kaw;rpfis Kd;dfu;j;jp jhd Kaw;rpfis Kd;dfu;j;jp jhd Kaw;rpfis Kd;dfu;j;jp

tpLk; Nehf;Fld; fpspnehr;rp tpLk; Nehf;Fld; fpspnehr;rp tpLk; Nehf;Fld; fpspnehr;rp tpLk; Nehf;Fld; fpspnehr;rp tpLk; Nehf;Fld; fpspnehr;rp

te;jpUe;j Nehu;Nt ntsptptte;jpUe;j Nehu;Nt ntsptptte;jpUe;j Nehu;Nt ntsptptte;jpUe;j Nehu;Nt ntsptptte;jpUe;j Nehu;Nt ntsptpt

fhu mikr;riu jkpoPo Njrpaj;fhu mikr;riu jkpoPo Njrpaj;fhu mikr;riu jkpoPo Njrpaj;fhu mikr;riu jkpoPo Njrpaj;fhu mikr;riu jkpoPo Njrpaj;

jiytu; NkjF Nt. gpughfud;jiytu; NkjF Nt. gpughfud;jiytu; NkjF Nt. gpughfud;jiytu; NkjF Nt. gpughfud;jiytu; NkjF Nt. gpughfud;

mtu;fs; re;jpj;J ePz;lNeuk;mtu;fs; re;jpj;J ePz;lNeuk;mtu;fs; re;jpj;J ePz;lNeuk;mtu;fs; re;jpj;J ePz;lNeuk;mtu;fs; re;jpj;J ePz;lNeuk;

ciuahbapUe;jhu; .ciuahbapUe;jhu; .ciuahbapUe;jhu; .ciuahbapUe;jhu; .ciuahbapUe;jhu; .

Ngr;Rthu;j;ijia Muk;Ngr;Rthu;j;ijia Muk;Ngr;Rthu;j;ijia Muk;Ngr;Rthu;j;ijia Muk;Ngr;Rthu;j;ijia Muk;

gpg;gjw;Fr; rpy Gjpa MNyh gpg;gjw;Fr; rpy Gjpa MNyh gpg;gjw;Fr; rpy Gjpa MNyh gpg;gjw;Fr; rpy Gjpa MNyh gpg;gjw;Fr; rpy Gjpa MNyh ridfisAk; jiytu; gpugh ridfisAk; jiytu; gpugh ridfisAk; jiytu; gpugh ridfisAk; jiytu; gpugh ridfisAk; jiytu; gpugh

fud; mtu;fs; Nehu;Nt mikr;r fud; mtu;fs; Nehu;Nt mikr;r fud; mtu;fs; Nehu;Nt mikr;r fud; mtu;fs; Nehu;Nt mikr;r fud; mtu;fs; Nehu;Nt mikr;r

&lhf Kd;itj;jpUe;jhu;.&lhf Kd;itj;jpUe;jhu;.&lhf Kd;itj;jpUe;jhu;.&lhf Kd;itj;jpUe;jhu;.&lhf Kd;itj;jpUe;jhu;.

mtw;iw rdhjpgjp re;jp mtw;iw rdhjpgjp re;jp mtw;iw rdhjpgjp re;jp mtw;iw rdhjpgjp re;jp mtw;iw rdhjpgjp re;jp

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- Mf;fG+u;tkhd gjpiy mtupl- Mf;fG+u;tkhd gjpiy mtupl- Mf;fG+u;tkhd gjpiy mtupl- Mf;fG+u;tkhd gjpiy mtupl- Mf;fG+u;tkhd gjpiy mtupl

kpUe;J ngw;Wtplyhk; vd;w ek;kpUe;J ngw;Wtplyhk; vd;w ek;kpUe;J ngw;Wtplyhk; vd;w ek;kpUe;J ngw;Wtplyhk; vd;w ek;kpUe;J ngw;Wtplyhk; vd;w ek;

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mk;ikahu; Mf;fG+u;tkhf gjpy;mk;ikahu; Mf;fG+u;tkhf gjpy;mk;ikahu; Mf;fG+u;tkhf gjpy;mk;ikahu; Mf;fG+u;tkhf gjpy;mk;ikahu; Mf;fG+u;tkhf gjpy;

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tp[ak; ntw;wpngwhkNy Kbe;J tp[ak; ntw;wpngwhkNy Kbe;J tp[ak; ntw;wpngwhkNy Kbe;J tp[ak; ntw;wpngwhkNy Kbe;J tp[ak; ntw;wpngwhkNy Kbe;J

t pl ; lJ . rkhjhdj ; J}jUk ;t pl ; lJ . rkhjhdj ; J}jUk ;t pl ; lJ . rkhjhdj ; J}jUk ;t pl ; lJ . rkhjhdj ; J}jUk ;t pl ; lJ . rkhjhdj ; J}jUk ;

ntWq;ifAld; Nehu;Nt jpUk;ntWq;ifAld; Nehu;Nt jpUk;ntWq;ifAld; Nehu;Nt jpUk;ntWq;ifAld; Nehu;Nt jpUk;ntWq;ifAld; Nehu;Nt jpUk;

gpr; nrd;whu;.gpr; nrd;whu;.gpr; nrd;whu;.gpr; nrd;whu;.gpr; nrd;whu;.

,Nj Nghd;Wjhd; [g;gh ,Nj Nghd;Wjhd; [g;gh ,Nj Nghd;Wjhd; [g;gh ,Nj Nghd;Wjhd; [g;gh ,Nj Nghd;Wjhd; [g;gh

dpar; rkhjhdj; J}ju; mfhrp dpar; rkhjhdj; J}ju; mfhrp dpar; rkhjhdj; J}ju; mfhrp dpar; rkhjhdj; J}ju; mfhrp dpar; rkhjhdj; J}ju; mfhrp

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q;iff;F tp[ak;nra;J - ntWq;q;iff;F tp[ak;nra;J - ntWq;q;iff;F tp[ak;nra;J - ntWq;q;iff;F tp[ak;nra;J - ntWq;q;iff;F tp[ak;nra;J - ntWq;

ifAld; ehL jpUk;gpdhu;.ifAld; ehL jpUk;gpdhu;.ifAld; ehL jpUk;gpdhu;.ifAld; ehL jpUk;gpdhu;.ifAld; ehL jpUk;gpdhu;.

r pq ; fs mur pd ; fLk ;r pq ; fs mur pd ; fLk ;r pq ; fs mur pd ; fLk ;r pq ; fs mur pd ; fLk ;r pq ; fs mur pd ; fLk ;Nghf;F [g;ghdpaj; J}JtUf;FNghf;F [g;ghdpaj; J}JtUf;FNghf;F [g;ghdpaj; J}JtUf;FNghf;F [g;ghdpaj; J}JtUf;FNghf;F [g;ghdpaj; J}JtUf;F

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kilahky; rpq;fs murpw;F epjp kilahky; rpq;fs murpw;F epjp kilahky; rpq;fs murpw;F epjp kilahky; rpq;fs murpw;F epjp kilahky; rpq;fs murpw;F epjp

toq;f KbahJ vd;W nfhOk;toq;f KbahJ vd;W nfhOk;toq;f KbahJ vd;W nfhOk;toq;f KbahJ vd;W nfhOk;toq;f KbahJ vd;W nfhOk;

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dJ Kf;fpa mk;rk; ahnjdpy;dJ Kf;fpa mk;rk; ahnjdpy;dJ Kf;fpa mk;rk; ahnjdpy;dJ Kf;fpa mk;rk; ahnjdpy;dJ Kf;fpa mk;rk; ahnjdpy;

,tu ;fs ; ,UtUNk Gypfs ;,tu ;fs ; ,UtUNk Gypfs ;,tu ;fs ; ,UtUNk Gypfs ;,tu ;fs ; ,UtUNk Gypfs ;,tu ;fs ; ,UtUNk Gypfs ;

mikg;gpd; rkhjhd tpUg;igmikg;gpd; rkhjhd tpUg;igmikg;gpd; rkhjhd tpUg;igmikg;gpd; rkhjhd tpUg;igmikg;gpd; rkhjhd tpUg;igmjw ;fhd mtu ;fsJ nghW mjw ;fhd mtu ;fsJ nghW mjw ;fhd mtu ;fsJ nghW mjw ;fhd mtu ;fsJ nghW mjw ;fhd mtu ;fsJ nghW

ikia ghuhl;btpl;Nl nrd;wikia ghuhl;btpl;Nl nrd;wikia ghuhl;btpl;Nl nrd;wikia ghuhl;btpl;Nl nrd;wikia ghuhl;btpl;Nl nrd;w

ikahFk;.ikahFk;.ikahFk;.ikahFk;.ikahFk;.

rkhjhdg ; Ngr ; r p w ;Frkhjhdg ; Ngr ; r p w ;Frkhjhdg ; Ngr ; r p w ;Frkhjhdg ; Ngr ; r p w ;Frkhjhdg ; Ngr ; r p w ;F

,e;j cz;ikia ru;t,e;j cz;ikia ru;t,e;j cz;ikia ru;t,e;j cz;ikia ru;t,e;j cz;ikia ru;t

Njr ehLfs; cj;jpNahf G+u;tNjr ehLfs; cj;jpNahf G+u;tNjr ehLfs; cj;jpNahf G+u;tNjr ehLfs; cj;jpNahf G+u;tNjr ehLfs; cj;jpNahf G+u;t

khf mwptpf;fhJtpl;lhYk;> mq;khf mwptpf;fhJtpl;lhYk;> mq;khf mwptpf;fhJtpl;lhYk;> mq;khf mwptpf;fhJtpl;lhYk;> mq;khf mwptpf;fhJtpl;lhYk;> mq;

nfhd;Wk; ,q;nfhd;Wkhf ru;tnfhd;Wk; ,q;nfhd;Wkhf ru;tnfhd;Wk; ,q;nfhd;Wkhf ru;tnfhd;Wk; ,q;nfhd;Wkhf ru;tnfhd;Wk; ,q;nfhd;Wkhf ru;tNjr ,uh[je;jpupfs; rpyu; ,f;Njr ,uh[je;jpupfs; rpyu; ,f;Njr ,uh[je;jpupfs; rpyu; ,f;Njr ,uh[je;jpupfs; rpyu; ,f;Njr ,uh[je;jpupfs; rpyu; ,f;

fUj;ij gfpuq;fkhff; $wpAs;s fUj;ij gfpuq;fkhff; $wpAs;s fUj;ij gfpuq;fkhff; $wpAs;s fUj;ij gfpuq;fkhff; $wpAs;s fUj;ij gfpuq;fkhff; $wpAs;s

du;.du;.du; .du; .du; .

jk po ; - r pq ; fs ,d jk po ; - r pq ; fs ,d jk po ; - r pq ; fs ,d jk po ; - r pq ; fs ,d jk po ; - r pq ; fs ,d

Nkhjiy mikjptopapy; murp Nkhjiy mikjptopapy; murp Nkhjiy mikjptopapy; murp Nkhjiy mikjptopapy; murp Nkhjiy mikjptopapy; murp

ay; jPu;T%yk; jPu;j;Jitf;Fk;ay; jPu;T%yk; jPu;j;Jitf;Fk;ay; jPu;T%yk; jPu;j;Jitf;Fk;ay; jPu;T%yk; jPu;j;Jitf;Fk;ay; jPu;T%yk; jPu;j;Jitf;Fk;

Nehf;fk; re;jpupfh mk;ikahUNehf;fk; re;jpupfh mk;ikahUNehf;fk; re;jpupfh mk;ikahUNehf;fk; re;jpupfh mk;ikahUNehf;fk; re;jpupfh mk;ikahU

f;F ,y;iy vd;gJ jkpo; kf;ff;F ,y;iy vd;gJ jkpo; kf;ff;F ,y;iy vd;gJ jkpo; kf;ff;F ,y;iy vd;gJ jkpo; kf;ff;F ,y;iy vd;gJ jkpo; kf;f

spd ; VNfhgpj ;j fUj ;jhFk; .s pd ; VNfhgpj ;j fUj ;jhFk; .s pd ; VNfhgpj ;j fUj ;jhFk; .s pd ; VNfhgpj ;j fUj ;jhFk; .s pd ; VNfhgpj ;j fUj ;jhFk; .

Nghu;%yk; Gypfis ntd;W -Nghu;%yk; Gypfis ntd;W -Nghu;%yk; Gypfis ntd;W -Nghu;%yk; Gypfis ntd;W -Nghu;%yk; Gypfis ntd;W -

jkpo; ,dj;ij xLf;FtNj mk;jkpo; ,dj;ij xLf;FtNj mk;jkpo; ,dj;ij xLf;FtNj mk;jkpo; ,dj;ij xLf;FtNj mk;jkpo; ,dj;ij xLf;FtNj mk;

ikahupd; Mo;kd MirahFk;.ikahupd; Mo;kd MirahFk;.ikahupd; Mo;kd MirahFk;.ikahupd; Mo;kd MirahFk;.ikahupd; Mo;kd MirahFk;.

,Jtiu ehSk; cjl;ls ,Jtiu ehSk; cjl;ls ,Jtiu ehSk; cjl;ls ,Jtiu ehSk; cjl;ls ,Jtiu ehSk; cjl;ls

tpy; mk;ikahu; Ngrpte;j grg;tpy; mk;ikahu; Ngrpte;j grg;tpy; mk;ikahu; Ngrpte;j grg;tpy; mk;ikahu; Ngrpte;j grg;tpy; mk;ikahu; Ngrpte;j grg;

ghd rkhjhd thu;j ;ijfis ghd rkhjhd thu;j ;ijfis ghd rkhjhd thu;j ;ijfis ghd rkhjhd thu;j ;ijfis ghd rkhjhd thu;j ;ijfis

,g;NghJ mtu; Nghl;Lilj;J ,g;NghJ mtu; Nghl;Lilj;J ,g;NghJ mtu; Nghl;Lilj;J ,g;NghJ mtu; Nghl;Lilj;J ,g;NghJ mtu; Nghl;Lilj;J

- jdJ cz;ikahd Nehf;fj;- jdJ cz;ikahd Nehf;fj;- jdJ cz;ikahd Nehf;fj;- jdJ cz;ikahd Nehf;fj;- jdJ cz;ikahd Nehf;fj;ijg; Gyg;gLj;jptpl;lhu;.ijg; Gyg;gLj;jptpl;lhu;.ijg; Gyg;gLj;jptpl;lhu;.ijg; Gyg;gLj;jptpl;lhu;.ijg; Gyg;gLj;jptpl;lhu;.

,e;jr; rkhjhd fhyj;jpy;,e;jr; rkhjhd fhyj;jpy;,e;jr; rkhjhd fhyj;jpy;,e;jr; rkhjhd fhyj;jpy;,e;jr; rkhjhd fhyj;jpy;

nts pa plg ;gl ; l 2005Mk ;nts pa p lg ; gl ; l 2 0 0 5Mk ;nts pa plg ;gl ; l 2005Mk ;nts pa p lg ; gl ; l 2 0 0 5Mk ;nts pa p lg ; gl ; l 2 0 0 5Mk ;

Mz;bw ;fhd gl ;[l ; by ;Mz;bw ;fhd gl ;[l ; by ;Mz;bw ;fhd gl ;[l ; by ;Mz;bw ;fhd gl ;[l ; by ;Mz;bw ;fhd gl ;[l ; by ;

jkhFk;.jkhFk;.jkhFk;.jkhFk;.jkhFk;.

NghUf;Fj; Njitahd NghUf;Fj; Njitahd NghUf;Fj; Njitahd NghUf;Fj; Njitahd NghUf;Fj; Njitahd

xU cldb murpay; fhuzj;xU cldb murpay; fhuzj;xU cldb murpay; fhuzj;xU cldb murpay; fhuzj;xU cldb murpay; fhuzj;ijAk; mJ fz;Lgpbj;Js;sJ.ijAk; mJ fz;Lgpbj;Js;sJ.ijAk; mJ fz;Lgpbj;Js;sJ.ijAk; mJ fz;Lgpbj;Js;sJ.ijAk; mJ fz;Lgpbj;Js;sJ.

mJjhd; mk;ikahu; tpjpj;Js;s mJjhd; mk;ikahu; tpjpj;Js;s mJjhd; mk;ikahu; tpjpj;Js;s mJjhd; mk;ikahu; tpjpj;Js;s mJjhd; mk;ikahu; tpjpj;Js;s

xU Gjpa epge;jidahFk;.xU Gjpa epge;jidahFk;.xU Gjpa epge;jidahFk;.xU Gjpa epge;jidahFk;.xU Gjpa epge;jidahFk;.

Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elhj;j rk;Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elhj;j rk;Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elhj;j rk;Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elhj;j rk;Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elhj;j rk;

kjkh! ,y;iyah! vd;W bnrk;kjkh! ,y;iyah! vd;W bnrk;kjkh! ,y;iyah! vd;W bnrk;kjkh! ,y;iyah! vd;W bnrk;kjkh! ,y;iyah! vd;W bnrk;

gu; khjk; njhlq;fKd;du; Gyp gu; khjk; njhlq;fKd;du; Gyp gu; khjk; njhlq;fKd;du; Gyp gu; khjk; njhlq;fKd;du; Gyp gu; khjk; njhlq;fKd;du; Gyp

fs; ,af;fk; muRf;F mwptpf;ffs; ,af;fk; muRf;F mwptpf;ffs; ,af;fk; muRf;F mwptpf;ffs; ,af;fk; muRf;F mwptpf;ffs; ,af;fk; muRf;F mwptpf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;W mk;ikahu; epge;Ntz;Lk; vd;W mk;ikahu; epge;Ntz;Lk; vd;W mk;ikahu; epge;Ntz;Lk; vd;W mk;ikahu; epge;Ntz;Lk; vd;W mk;ikahu; epge;

jid tpjpj;Js;shu;.jid tpjpj;Js;shu;.jid tpjpj;Js;shu;.jid tpjpj;Js;shu;.jid tpjpj;Js;shu;.

Ngr ;Rthu ;j ;ijf ;F tu Ngr ;Rthu ;j ;ijf ;F tu Ngr ;Rthu ;j ;ijf ;F tu Ngr ;Rthu ;j ;ijf ;F tu Ngr ;Rthu ;j ;ijf ;F tu

kWj;JtUtJ rpq;fs muRjhd;.kWj;JtUtJ rpq;fs muRjhd;.kWj;JtUtJ rpq;fs muRjhd;.kWj;JtUtJ rpq;fs muRjhd;.kWj;JtUtJ rpq;fs muRjhd;.

Mdhy;> Gypfs; ,af;fk;kP J me;Mdhy;> Gypfs; ,af;fk;kP J me;Mdhy;> Gypfs; ,af;fk;kP J me;Mdhy;> Gypfs; ,af;fk;kP J me;Mdhy;> Gypfs; ,af;fk;kP J me;

jf; Fw;wr;rhl;il mk;ikahu;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;il mk;ikahu;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;il mk;ikahu;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;il mk;ikahu;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;il mk;ikahu;Rkj;jpapUg;gJ cz;ikapy; xURkj;jpapUg;gJ cz;ikapy; xURkj;jpapUg;gJ cz;ikapy; xURkj;jpapUg;gJ cz;ikapy; xURkj;jpapUg;gJ cz;ikapy; xU

Nfypf;$j;J. Mdhy;> mk;ikNfypf;$j;J. Mdhy;> mk;ikNfypf;$j;J. Mdhy;> mk;ikNfypf;$j;J. Mdhy;> mk;ikNfypf;$j;J. Mdhy;> mk;ik

ahu; ,ij xU NghUf;fhd rhl;ahu; ,ij xU NghUf;fhd rhl;ahu; ,ij xU NghUf;fhd rhl;ahu; ,ij xU NghUf;fhd rhl;ahu; ,ij xU NghUf;fhd rhl;

lhfNt gad;gLj;j Kidfpd;lhfNt gad;gLj;j Kidfpd;lhfNt gad;gLj;j Kidfpd;lhfNt gad;gLj;j Kidfpd;lhfNt gad;gLj;j Kidfpd;

nghd;iw muRf;F rku;g;gpj;J nghd;iw muRf;F rku;g;gpj;J nghd;iw muRf;F rku;g;gpj;J nghd;iw muRf;F rku;g;gpj;J nghd;iw muRf;F rku;g;gpj;J

tpl;L Ngr;R Nkirf;F muir tpl;L Ngr;R Nkirf;F muir tpl;L Ngr;R Nkirf;F muir tpl;L Ngr;R Nkirf;F muir tpl;L Ngr;R Nkirf;F muir

tUk;gb mioj;jgbAs;sdu; .tUk;gb mioj;jgbAs;sdu; .tUk;gb mioj;jgbAs;sdu; .tUk;gb mioj;jgbAs;sdu; .tUk;gb mioj;jgbAs;sdu; .

mk;ikahiu Ngr;R Nkirf;Fmk;ikahiu Ngr;R Nkirf;Fmk;ikahiu Ngr;R Nkirf;Fmk;ikahiu Ngr;R Nkirf;Fmk;ikahiu Ngr;R Nkirf;F

tuj;J}z;lTk; - vr ;rupf ;fTk;tuj;J}z;lTk; - vr ;rupf ;fTk;tuj;J}z;lTk; - vr ;rupf ;fTk;tuj;J}z;lTk; - vr ;rupf ;fTk;tuj;J}z;lTk; - vr ;rupf ;fTk;

jhd; Nehu ;Nt ntsptptfhu jhd; Nehu ;Nt ntsptptfhu jhd; Nehu ;Nt ntsptptfhu jhd; Nehu ;Nt ntsptptfhu jhd; Nehu ;Nt ntsptptfhu

mikr;rUk;> [g;ghdpaj; J}Jtmikr;rUk;> [g;ghdpaj; J}Jtmikr;rUk;> [g;ghdpaj; J}Jtmikr;rUk;> [g;ghdpaj; J}Jtmikr;rUk;> [g;ghdpaj; J}Jt

Uk; mz;ikapy; ,yq;if te;J Uk; mz;ikapy; ,yq;if te;J Uk; mz;ikapy; ,yq;if te;J Uk; mz;ikapy; ,yq;if te;J Uk; mz;ikapy; ,yq;if te;J

Njhy;tpAld; nrd;wdu;.Njhy;tpAld; nrd;wdu;.Njhy;tpAld; nrd;wdu;.Njhy;tpAld; nrd;wdu;.Njhy;tpAld; nrd;wdu;.

nraw;ghLfSk; ed;F njupAk;.nraw;ghLfSk; ed;F njupAk;.nraw;ghLfSk; ed;F njupAk;.nraw;ghLfSk; ed;F njupAk;.nraw;ghLfSk; ed;F njupAk;.

re;jpupfh murpd; Nghu;re;jpupfh murpd; Nghu;re;jpupfh murpd; Nghu;re;jpupfh murpd; Nghu;re;jpupfh murpd; Nghu;

ntwpiaj; jLf;Fk; rf;jp ru;tntwpiaj; jLf;Fk; rf;jp ru;tntwpiaj; jLf;Fk; rf;jp ru;tntwpiaj; jLf;Fk; rf;jp ru;tntwpiaj; jLf;Fk; rf;jp ru;tNjrj;jpw;F ,y;yhky; Nghfyhk;.Njrj;jpw;F ,y;yhky; Nghfyhk;.Njrj;jpw;F ,y;yhky; Nghfyhk;.Njrj;jpw;F ,y;yhky; Nghfyhk;.Njrj;jpw;F ,y;yhky; Nghfyhk;.

Mdhy;> fle;j fhyj;ijg;NghyMdhy;> fle;j fhyj;ijg;NghyMdhy;> fle;j fhyj;ijg;NghyMdhy;> fle;j fhyj;ijg;NghyMdhy;> fle;j fhyj;ijg;Nghy

rpq;fs Nghu; ,ae;jpuj ;jpw ;Frpq;fs Nghu; ,ae;jpuj ;jpw ;Frpq;fs Nghu; ,ae;jpuj ;jpw ;Frpq;fs Nghu; ,ae;jpuj ;jpw ;Frpq;fs Nghu; ,ae;jpuj ;jpw ;F

GJg;gyk; toq;Fk; NtiyiaGJg;gyk; toq;Fk; NtiyiaGJg;gyk; toq;Fk; NtiyiaGJg;gyk; toq;Fk; NtiyiaGJg;gyk; toq;Fk; Ntiyia

ru ;tNjr r%fk ; nra ;ahJ ru ;tNjr r%fk ; nra ;ahJ ru ;tNjr r%fk ; nra ;ahJ ru ;tNjr r%fk ; nra ;ahJ ru ;tNjr r%fk ; nra ;ahJ

vd;Nw jkpo;kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wvd;Nw jkpo;kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wvd;Nw jkpo;kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wvd;Nw jkpo;kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wvd;Nw jkpo;kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;w

du;.du;.du; .du; .du; .

re ;jpupfh mk;ikahupd;re ;jpupfh mk;ikahupd;re ;jpupfh mk;ikahupd;re ;jpupfh mk;ikahupd;re ;jpupfh mk;ikahupd;

gjtp Nkhfj;jpw;Fk; - N[.tp.gp gjtp Nkhfj;jpw;Fk; - N[.tp.gp gjtp Nkhfj;jpw;Fk; - N[.tp.gp gjtp Nkhfj;jpw;Fk; - N[.tp.gp gjtp Nkhfj;jpw;Fk; - N[.tp.gp

apdupd; Ml;rpf; fdTf;Fk; mtu;apdupd; Ml;rpf; fdTf;Fk; mtu;apdupd; Ml;rpf; fdTf;Fk; mtu;apdupd; Ml;rpf; fdTf;Fk; mtu;apdupd; Ml;rpf; fdTf;Fk; mtu;

fisg; nghWj;jtifapy; Nghu;fisg; nghWj;jtifapy; Nghu;fisg; nghWj;jtifapy; Nghu;fisg; nghWj;jtifapy; Nghu;fisg; nghWj;jtifapy; Nghu;

Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> mJ Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> mJ Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> mJ Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> mJ Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> mJ

rpq;fs kf;fspd; Njrpa eyDf;rpq;fs kf;fspd; Njrpa eyDf;rpq;fs kf;fspd; Njrpa eyDf;rpq;fs kf;fspd; Njrpa eyDf;rpq;fs kf;fspd; Njrpa eyDf;

fhf vd;W nrhy;ypf ;nfhz;Lfhf vd;W nrhy;ypf ;nfhz;Lfhf vd;W nrhy;ypf ;nfhz;Lfhf vd;W nrhy;ypf ;nfhz;Lfhf vd;W nrhy;ypf ;nfhz;Lrpq;fs kf;fis Vkhw;w Kid rpq;fs kf;fis Vkhw;w Kid rpq;fs kf;fis Vkhw;w Kid rpq;fs kf;fis Vkhw;w Kid rpq;fs kf;fis Vkhw;w Kid

fpd;wdu;.fpd;wdu;.fpd;wdu;.fpd;wdu;.fpd;wdu;.

,uhZt mZFKiw,uhZt mZFKiw,uhZt mZFKiw,uhZt mZFKiw,uhZt mZFKiw

%yk; jkpoupd; Njrpa ,dg; gpur;%yk; jkpoupd; Njrpa ,dg; gpur;%yk; jkpoupd; Njrpa ,dg; gpur;%yk; jkpoupd; Njrpa ,dg; gpur;%yk; jkpoupd; Njrpa ,dg; gpur;

>>>>> >>>>>

Mdhy ; > Gy pfs ;jhd ;Mdhy ; > Gy pfs ;jhd ;Mdhy ; > Gy pfs ;jhd ;Mdhy ; > Gy pfs ;jhd ;Mdhy ; > Gy pfs ;jhd ;

Ngr;Rf;Ftu kWf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;Ngr;Rf;Ftu kWf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;Ngr;Rf;Ftu kWf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;Ngr;Rf;Ftu kWf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;Ngr;Rf;Ftu kWf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;

nwhU khiaia ru;tNjrj;jpw;FnwhU khiaia ru;tNjrj;jpw;FnwhU khiaia ru;tNjrj;jpw;FnwhU khiaia ru;tNjrj;jpw;FnwhU khiaia ru;tNjrj;jpw;F

Vw;gLj;jp - mtu;fis Fog;GVw;gLj;jp - mtu;fis Fog;GVw;gLj;jp - mtu;fis Fog;GVw;gLj;jp - mtu;fis Fog;GVw;gLj;jp - mtu;fis Fog;G

tjw;F mk;ikahu; Kaw;rpf;fpd;tjw;F mk;ikahu; Kaw;rpf;fpd;tjw;F mk;ikahu; Kaw;rpf;fpd;tjw;F mk;ikahu; Kaw;rpf;fpd;tjw;F mk;ikahu; Kaw;rpf;fpd;

whu ; .whu ; .whu ; .whu ; .whu ; .

Mdhy;> xUgf;ff; fUj;Mdhy;> xUgf;ff; fUj;Mdhy;> xUgf;ff; fUj;Mdhy;> xUgf;ff; fUj;Mdhy;> xUgf;ff; fUj;

Jf;fis khj;jpuk; nrtpkLj;J Jf;fis khj;jpuk; nrtpkLj;J Jf;fis khj;jpuk; nrtpkLj;J Jf;fis khj;jpuk; nrtpkLj;J Jf;fis khj;jpuk; nrtpkLj;J

- ru;tNjr r%fk; KbntLj;j- ru;tNjr r%fk; KbntLj;j- ru;tNjr r%fk; KbntLj;j- ru;tNjr r%fk; KbntLj;j- ru;tNjr r%fk; KbntLj;j

fhyk; kiyNawptpl;lJ.fhyk; kiyNawptpl;lJ.fhyk; kiyNawptpl;lJ.fhyk; kiyNawptpl;lJ.fhyk; kiyNawptpl;lJ.

ru;tNjr r%fj;jpw;F ,g;ru;tNjr r%fj;jpw;F ,g;ru;tNjr r%fj;jpw;F ,g;ru;tNjr r%fj;jpw;F ,g;ru;tNjr r%fj;jpw;F ,g;

NghJ jkpou; jug;G epahaKk;NghJ jkpou; jug;G epahaKk;NghJ jkpou; jug;G epahaKk;NghJ jkpou; jug;G epahaKk;NghJ jkpou; jug;G epahaKk;

ed;F njupAk;> rpq;fs murpd;ed;F njupAk;> rpq;fs murpd;ed;F njupAk;> rpq;fs murpd;ed;F njupAk;> rpq;fs murpd;ed;F njupAk;> rpq;fs murpd;

mbg;gilahf Gypfs; ,af;fk;mbg;gilahf Gypfs; ,af;fk;mbg;gilahf Gypfs; ,af;fk;mbg;gilahf Gypfs; ,af;fk;mbg;gilahf Gypfs; ,af;fk;

rku;g;gpj;j ,ilf;fhy khjpup rku;g;gpj;j ,ilf;fhy khjpup rku;g;gpj;j ,ilf;fhy khjpup rku;g;gpj;j ,ilf;fhy khjpup rku;g;gpj;j ,ilf;fhy khjpup

tiuig ru;tNjr r%fk; ghuh tiuig ru;tNjr r%fk; ghuh tiuig ru;tNjr r%fk; ghuh tiuig ru;tNjr r%fk; ghuh tiuig ru;tNjr r%fk; ghuh

l;bAs;sJ. mNjNtis> me;jl;bAs;sJ. mNjNtis> me;jl;bAs;sJ. mNjNtis> me;jl;bAs;sJ. mNjNtis> me;jl;bAs;sJ. mNjNtis> me;j

khj p u p tiug p Ys ;s ru ; r ;khj p u p tiug p Ys ;s ru ; r ;khj p u p tiug p Ys ;s ru ; r ;khj p u p tiug p Ys ;s ru ; r ;khj p u p tiug p Ys ;s ru ; r ;

irf;Fupa tplaq; fs; vd irf;Fupa tplaq; fs; vd irf;Fupa tplaq; fs; vd irf;Fupa tplaq; fs; vd irf;Fupa tplaq; fs; vd

r pq ;fs muR Rl ;bf ;r pq ; fs muR Rl ;bf ;r pq ; fs muR Rl ;bf ;r pq ; fs muR Rl ;bf ;r pq ; fs muR Rl ;bf ;

fhl;bAs;s murpay;fhl;bAs;s murpay;fhl;bAs;s murpay;fhl;bAs;s murpay;fhl;bAs;s murpay;

tplaq;fis Ngr;Rtplaq;fis Ngr;Rtplaq;fis Ngr;Rtplaq;fis Ngr;Rtplaq;fis Ngr;R

Nkirapy ; tpth Nkirapy ; tpth Nkirapy ; tpth Nkirapy ; tpth Nkirapy ; tpth

jpf ;fg ; Gypfs ;j pf ;fg ; Gypfs ;j pf ;fg ; Gypfs ;j pf ;fg ; Gypfs ;j pf ;fg ; Gypfs ;jahu ; vd jahu ; vd jahu ; vd jahu ; vd jahu ; vd

mw pt pj ; J mw pt pj ; J mw pt pj ; J mw pt pj ; J mw pt pj ; J

s;sJk; ru;ts;sJk; ru;ts;sJk; ru;ts;sJk; ru;ts;sJk; ru;t

Njr r%fj;Njr r%fj;Njr r%fj;Njr r%fj;Njr r%fj;

jpw ;F kfpo;jpw ;F kfpo;jpw ;F kfpo;jpw ;F kfpo;jpw ;F kfpo;

r ;rpia mspj;r ;rpia mspj;r ;rpia mspj;r ;rpia mspj;r ;rpia mspj;

Js;sJ.Js;sJ.Js;sJ.Js;sJ.Js;sJ.

,e ;j e piy,e ;j e piy,e ;j e piy,e ;j e piy,e ;j e piy

apy;> Ngr;R thu;j;ijapy;> Ngr;R thu;j;ijapy;> Ngr;R thu;j;ijapy;> Ngr;R thu;j;ijapy;> Ngr;R thu;j;ij

fis Muk;gpf;f tplhJ fis Muk;gpf;f tplhJ fis Muk;gpf;f tplhJ fis Muk;gpf;f tplhJ fis Muk;gpf;f tplhJ

Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf ,Ug;gJ Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf ,Ug;gJ Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf ,Ug;gJ Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf ,Ug;gJ Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf ,Ug;gJ

r pq ; fs murjug ; g pd ;r pq ; fs murjug ; g pd ;r pq ; fs murjug ; g pd ;r pq ; fs murjug ; g pd ;r pq ; fs murjug ; g pd ;

fLk;Nghf;fhd epiyg;ghNlfLk;Nghf;fhd epiyg;ghNlfLk;Nghf;fhd epiyg;ghNlfLk;Nghf;fhd epiyg;ghNlfLk;Nghf;fhd epiyg;ghNl

fhuzk ; vd ;gJ ru ;tNjr fhuzk ; vd ;gJ ru ;tNjr fhuzk ; vd ;gJ ru ;tNjr fhuzk ; vd ;gJ ru ;tNjr fhuzk ; vd ;gJ ru ;tNjr

r%fj ; j pd ; nghJthd r%fj ; j pd ; nghJthd r%fj ; j pd ; nghJthd r%fj ; j pd ; nghJthd r%fj ; j pd ; nghJthd

epiyg;ghlhFk;.epiyg;ghlhFk;.epiyg;ghlhFk;.epiyg;ghlhFk;.epiyg;ghlhFk;.

ghJfhg ;G nryt Pdj ;j pw ;FghJfhg ;G nryt Pdj ;j pw ;FghJfhg ;G nryt Pdj ;j pw ;FghJfhg ;G nryt Pdj ;j pw ;FghJfhg ;G nryt Pdj ;j pw ;F

Vohapuk; Nfhb &ghtpw;FNky;Vohapuk; Nfhb &ghtpw;FNky;Vohapuk; Nfhb &ghtpw;FNky;Vohapuk; Nfhb &ghtpw;FNky;Vohapuk; Nfhb &ghtpw;FNky;

xJf ;fg ;gl ;Ls ;sJ. Nghu ;xJf ;fg ;gl ;Ls ;sJ. Nghu ;xJf ;fg ;gl ;Ls ;sJ. Nghu ;xJf ;fg ;gl ;Ls ;sJ. Nghu ;xJf ;fg ;gl ;Ls ;sJ. Nghu ;

fLikahf ele ;j fle ;jfLikahf ele ; j fle ; jfLikahf ele ;j fle ;jfLikahf ele ; j fle ; jfLikahf ele ; j fle ; j

fhyj ;j py ;$l ,t ;thwhd fhyj ;j py ;$l ,t ;thwhd fhyj ;j py ;$l ,t ;thwhd fhyj ;j py ;$l ,t ;thwhd fhyj ;j py ;$l ,t ;thwhd

njhU ngUe ;njhU ngUe ;njhU ngUe ;njhU ngUe ;njhU ngUe ;

njhifg; gzj;ijnjhifg; gzj;ijnjhifg; gzj;ijnjhifg; gzj;ijnjhifg; gzj;ij

ghJ fhg;G epjpf;ghJ fhg;G epjpf;ghJ fhg;G epjpf;ghJ fhg;G epjpf;ghJ fhg;G epjpf;

nfd r pq ; fs nfd r pq ; fs nfd r pq ; fs nfd r pq ; fs nfd r pq ; fs

muR xJf ; fmuR xJf ; fmuR xJf ; fmuR xJf ; fmuR xJf ; f

tpy;iy. ,k;tpy;iy. ,k;tpy;iy. ,k;tpy;iy. ,k;tpy;iy. ,k;Kiw mt ;Kiw mt ;Kiw mt ;Kiw mt ;Kiw mt ;

thW ngUk;thW ngUk;thW ngUk;thW ngUk;thW ngUk;

epjp ghJfhg;epjp ghJfhg;epjp ghJfhg;epjp ghJfhg;epjp ghJfhg;

Gr ; nryGr ; nryGr ; nryGr ; nryGr ; nry

tPdj;jpw;nfd tPdj;jpw;nfd tPdj;jpw;nfd tPdj;jpw;nfd tPdj;jpw;nfd

xJf ; fg ; gl ; lJ xJf ; fg ; gl ; lJ xJf ; fg ; gl ; lJ xJf ; fg ; gl ; lJ xJf ; fg ; gl ; lJ

mk ;ik ahu pd ;mk ;ik ahu pd ;mk ;ik ahu pd ;mk ;ik ahu pd ;mk ;ik ahu pd ;

cz;ikr; nrh&cz;ikr; nrh&cz;ikr; nrh&cz;ikr; nrh&cz;ikr; nrh&

gj ;ij mk ;gj ;ij mk ;gj ;ij mk ;gj ;ij mk ;gj ;ij mk ;

g y k h f ; f p Agy k h f ; f p Agy k h f ; f p Agy k h f ; f p Agy k h f ; f p A

s;sJ.s;sJ.s;sJ.s;sJ.s;sJ.

re;jpupfh -re;jpupfh -re;jpupfh -re;jpupfh -re;jpupfh -

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tUfpd ;wJ vd;gJjhd;tUfpd;wJ vd;gJjhd;tUfpd ;wJ vd;gJjhd;tUfpd;wJ vd;gJjhd;tUfpd ;wJ vd;gJjhd;

,d ;iwa ajhu ; j ;,d ;iwa ajhu ; j ;,d ;iwa ajhu ; j ;,d ;iwa ajhu ; j ;,d ;iwa ajhu ; j ;

whu ; .whu ; .whu ; .whu ; .whu ; .

Gypfs; ,af;fk; rkhjh Gypfs; ,af;fk; rkhjh Gypfs; ,af;fk; rkhjh Gypfs; ,af;fk; rkhjh Gypfs; ,af;fk; rkhjh

dg; ghijapy;jhd; fle;j %d;W dg; ghijapy;jhd; fle;j %d;W dg; ghijapy;jhd; fle;j %d;W dg; ghijapy;jhd; fle;j %d;W dg; ghijapy;jhd; fle;j %d;W

tUlq;fshf epw;fpd;wdu;. ,dg;tUlq;fshf epw;fpd;wdu;. ,dg;tUlq;fshf epw;fpd;wdu;. ,dg;tUlq;fshf epw;fpd;wdu;. ,dg;tUlq;fshf epw;fpd;wdu;. ,dg;

NghUf;F KbTfl;Lk; Nehf;FNghUf;F KbTfl;Lk; Nehf;FNghUf;F KbTfl;Lk; Nehf;FNghUf;F KbTfl;Lk; Nehf;FNghUf;F KbTfl;Lk; Nehf;F

ld; ,ilf;fhy khjpup tiu ld; ,ilf;fhy khjpup tiu ld; ,ilf;fhy khjpup tiu ld; ,ilf;fhy khjpup tiu ld; ,ilf;fhy khjpup tiu

rpidf;F jPu;Tfhz mk;ikahu;rpidf;F jPu;Tfhz mk;ikahu;rpidf;F jPu;Tfhz mk;ikahu;rpidf;F jPu;Tfhz mk;ikahu;rpidf;F jPu;Tfhz mk;ikahu;

Kay;thu; vd;gNj jkpo; kf;fKay;thu; vd;gNj jkpo; kf;fKay;thu; vd;gNj jkpo; kf;fKay;thu; vd;gNj jkpo; kf;fKay;thu; vd;gNj jkpo; kf;fs pdJ fUj ;jhFk ; . mJjhd ;s pdJ fUj ;jhFk ; . mJjhd ;s pdJ fUj ;jhFk ; . mJjhd ;s pdJ fUj ;jhFk ; . mJjhd ;s pdJ fUj ;jhFk ; . mJjhd ;

cz;ik vd;gJ ,g;NghJ ep&cz;ik vd;gJ ,g;NghJ ep&cz;ik vd;gJ ,g;NghJ ep&cz;ik vd;gJ ,g;NghJ ep&cz;ik vd;gJ ,g;NghJ ep&

gdkhfp tUfpd;wJ.gdkhfp tUfpd;wJ.gdkhfp tUfpd;wJ.gdkhfp tUfpd;wJ.gdkhfp tUfpd;wJ.

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mtis vy;yhtifahd Jauq;

fs;> Jd;gq;fspypUe;Jk; kPl;fpwJ:

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gl;ld. (HOW ASIA ADVERTIES BY JIM

AITCHISON) ,e;j ehLfs; nra;Ak; tpsk;

guq;fspd; juk;> iff;nfhs;Sk; topKiwfs;> ru;tNjr ghzpfSld; xg;gPL Nghd;

wit ,e;j E}ypy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

\\rpwpyq;fhtpy; nra;ag;gLk; tu;j;jf tpsk;

guq;fspy; xd;W khj;jpuk; cyf juj;jpw;F

,Uf;fpwJ. rpwpyq;fh ,uhZtj;jpd; Ml;

Nru;g;G kw;Wk; rpwg;Gr; nra;jp gw;wpa gpurhu

tpsk;guq;fs;jhd; me;j xd;whFk;|| ,uhZ

tk; mr;R kw;Wk; ,yj;jpudpay; Clfq;fs;

Clhfr; nra;Ak; gpurhuj;jpw;F tYT+l;Lk;

tpjj;jpy; mJ kf;fs; ghu;itf;Fk; nghJ

,lq;fspy; itf;Fk; gpurhug; Ngh];uu;fs;

,lk;ngWfpd;wd. rpwpyq;fhtpy; cs;

ehl;Lg;Nghu; ele;j fhyj;jpy; rpq;fs ,uh

Ztj;jpw;fhf xU tpsk;gu epWtdj;jhy;

elj;jg;gl;l gyjug;gl;l gpurhuk; ,uhZ

tj;jpd; tpk;gj;ij cau;j;jpajhf Nkw;

$wpa E}y; fUj;Jj; njuptpf;fpd;wJ.

jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs; fpuke;

jtwhJ Kf;fpa jpdq;fspy; ntspapLk;

Ngh];uu;fs; midj;Jyf kl;lj;jpy; ftd

vjw;fhf vd;gJjhd;

Kf;fpak;.

,d;W Ngh];uu; xU jdpj;Jtkhd

fiytbtkhf mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Ngh];uu; fiyapd; rhuk; ahnjdpy; mijghu;g;gtu;fSf;F cldbg; Gupjy; Vw;gL

fpd;wJ. jkJ NjitfSf;fhfg; Gypfs;

mijj; njupT nra;jjw;F ,J Kf;fpa

fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. GypfSila

Ngh];uu;fs; jj;&g Xtpak; (REALISTIC

ART) my;y. vjw;fhf mJ mr;rplg;gL

fpwNjh me;j ,yf;if vl;Ltjw;fhfNt

mJ tiuag;gLfpwJ. Ngh];uu; xU tha;

Ngrhj njhlu;G rhjdk; (NON ORAL

COMMUNICATION TOOL). mNj rkaj;

jpy; Ngh];uu; xU ru;tNjrpa nkhop. Kf;

fpa epfo;r;rpapd; rhuj;ij gpope;J Fiwe;

jsT nrhw;fisAk; $Ljyhd FwpaPl;Lg;

glq;fisAk; ,izj;Jg; GypfSila

Ngh];uu;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd. etPd

Xtpak;Nghy; Ngh];uu;fspy; ku;kNkh> GjpNuh

,y;iy. ghu;g;gtu;fSf;F Vw;fdNt

njupe;j my;yJ Rygkhf Cfpf;ff;$ba

gbkj;ij my;yJ epfo;r;rpia Gypfspd;

ntspaPLfs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

tUlhtUlk; fpukk; jtwhJ gpd;

tUk; Njrpa epfo;r;rpfisg; Gypfs; rpwg;

gpf;fpwhu;fs;:

1. Nfzy; fpl;L epidT ehs;

- rdtup 16

2. midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehs;- khu;r;R 05

3. md;id G+gjp epidT ehs;

- Vg;gpuy; 19

4. jkpoPo khztu; ehs; - #d; 06

5. fUk;Gypfs; ehs; - #iy 05

6. jpahfp jpyPgd; epidT ehs;

- nrg;njk;gu; 26

7. gd;dpU Ntq;iffs; epidT ehs;

- xf;Njhgu; 05

8. khyjp> jkpoPog; ngz;fs; vOr;rp ehs;

- xf;Njhgu; 10

9. khtPuu; ehs; - etk;gu; 27

,tw;Ws; khtPuu; jpdk; $Ljy;

Kf;fpaj;Jk; tha;e;jjhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;

gLfpwJ. mjw;F ,U fhuzq;fs; cz;L.

md;W khtPuu;fspd; JapYk; ,y;yk;

nrd;W jPgk; Vw;Wk; ehs;. mLj;jJ Njrpaj;

jiytu; mtu;fs; ehl;L kf;fSf;F

Mw;Wk; khtPuu; ehs; ciu md;W ntspah

fpwJ. kpff; $Ljyhd Ngh];uu;fs; ntsp

aplg;gl;l Njrpa jpdkhf etk;gu; 27 ,lk;

ngWfpwJ. khtPuu;fs; njhlu;ghf jkpoPo

tpLjiyg;Gypfs; ntspapl;l KjyhtJ

nghJthd Ngh];uu; 1986 #iy 25Mk;

ehs; ntspte;jJ. ngupanjhU fljhrpapd;Nkw;Gwj;jpy; ePytz;zKk; mjd;Nky;

rptg;G vOj;Jf;fspy; \\jkpoPo tpbtpw;fhf

,d;Wtiu jk;ik mu;g;gzpj;Jf;nfhz;l

vkJ ,af;fj;jpd; jpahfr; Rlu;fs;

Kd;D}w;wp ,Ugj;jpNaO|| vd;w thrfk;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,Nj Ngh];uupy; eL

ehafkhfg; ngupastpy; Njhspy; njhq;Fk;

MAjj;Jld; xU GyptPud; xt;nthU

ifapy; xU rpWtidAk; rpWkpiaAk;

mioj;Jr;nry;Yk; fhl;rp fWg;G ikahy;

jPl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ngh];uupd; mbg;gFjpapy;

ngupa vOj;Jf;fspy; \\,J mOtjw;fhf

mikf;fg;gl;l rkhjpay;y cWjpapd;

ciwtplk; ,J|| vd;w czu;r;rp nghq;Fk;

thrfk; 327 vd;w ngupa nts;is tz;z

vz;zpd; Nky; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

khtPuh;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia

Gypfs; xUNghJk; Fiwj;Njh $l;bNah

ntspapl;ljpy;iy. mth;fs; nra;j jpah

fj;ij chpaKiwapy; Gypfs; nfstpj;J

tUfpd;wdh;. ,J rk;ge;jkhf jpfjpaplg;

glhj Ngh];uh; xd;iw nts;isf; fljhrp

apy; ePy vOj;Jf;fspy; Njrpaj; jiy

thpd; glk; kw;Wk; thrfj;Jld; Gypfs;

vOj;Jf;fspYk;> mz;ikapYs;s Ml;

Nru;g;G ikak; vd;w nrhw;fs; rpwpa vOj;

Jf;fspYk; mjpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. xU

cUtKk; gj;J Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fSk;

nfhz;l ,g;Ngh];uu; Ngh];uh; Xtpau;fSf;F topfhl;bahf mikfpwJ.

nghJTlik ehLfspYk; ru;thjp

fhu Ml;rp epyTk; ehLfspYk; kf;fs;

mjpfkhf elkhLk; ,lq;fspy; gpurhug;

Ngh];uu;fs; epue;jukhf itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Kd;dhs; Nrhtpaj; xd;wpak;> nrQ;rPdh

Mfpatw;wpy; ,e;j toik ,Ug;gJ fz;

$L. vspjhfg; ghu;f;ff;$ba cauj;jpy;

,g;Ngh];uu;fs; nghUj;jg;gLtjhy; mtw;

iwg; ghu;f;fhky; nry;tJ fbdkhf ,Uf;

Fk;. ,ij xUtif %isr;ryit vd;

Wk; nrhy;yyhk;. \cyfj; njhopyhsu;fNs

xd;wpizAq;fs;> nfhkpA+dprj; jiyik

iag; Nghw;Wq;fs;|> \Njrpa eyDf;fhfr;

NrkpAq;fs;|> \xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T|

Nghd;w nra;jpfs; ,g;Ngh];uu;fspy; nghJ

thff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kf;fs; rKjh

aj;ij xd;wpizf;Fk; tY Gifg;glj;

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0 80 80 80 80 8 fhh;j;jpif> 2004fhh;j;jpif> 2004fhh;j;jpif> 2004fhh;j;jpif> 2004fhh;j;jpif> 2004

~~~~~~~~~~ >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> ||||||||||

- jkpoPo vOr;rpg;ghly; tupfs;.khtPuu; ehs; Ngh];uu;fs; gytw;wpy; ,t;tupfisf;

fhzyhk; -

(NON ORAL COMMUNICA-

TION TOOL).

327 khtPuh ;fspd; epidthf 1986 A+iy> 25,y;327 khtPuh ;fspd; epidthf 1986 A+iy> 25,y;327 khtPuh ;fspd; epidthf 1986 A+iy> 25,y;327 khtPuh ;fspd; epidthf 1986 A+iy> 25,y;327 khtPuh ;fspd; epidthf 1986 A+iy> 25,y;

nghJthf ntspaplg ;gl ;lJnghJthf ntspaplg ;gl ;lJnghJthf ntspaplg ;gl ;lJnghJthf ntspaplg ;gl ;lJnghJthf ntspaplg ;gl ;lJ

U tpw;gidg;nghUs;> elf;f

tpUf;Fk; epfo;r;rp my;yJ tutpUf;Fk;

Kf;fpa jpdk; gw;wpa nra;jpiag; nghJ

kf;fSf;F Kd;$l;bNa mwptpf;Fk; mr;R

Clfk; vd;W Ngh];uu; (POSTER) tiuaiw nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,t;thq;fpyr; nrhy;

ypw;F nghJ ,lq;fspy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s

tpsk;guq;fs;> Rtnuhl;bfs; vd;W jkpopy;

tpsf;fk; jug;gLfpwJ. Ngh];uu;> tpsk;guk;

vd;w epiyiaf; fle;J jdpnahU fiyg;

gpupthf ,d;W ,aq;FfpwJ. gue;Jgl;l

Xtpaf; fiyapd; xU gFjpahfTk; Ngh];

uu; fiy fzpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. nghJthfr;

Rtnuhl;bfs; capuw;witahfTk;> jw;

fhypfkhditahfTk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd.

Ngh];uu;fs; %r;Rk; tPr;Rk; nfhz;l fiy

tbtkhfj; jpfo;fpd;wd.

Ngh];uu; vd;w nrhy;ypw;F mu;j;j

Ks;s jkpo;r;nrhy; cUthFk; tiu ehk;

Ngh];uu; vd;W $WNthk;. Ngh];uu; gw;wpa

Muk;g tuyhW fpilf;ftpy;iy> epl;rak;

mJ mr;Rf;fiyAld; njhlu;GilaJ

vd;gij khj;jpuk; $wpitf;fpNwhk;. Mff;

1986Mk; Mz;L tpLjiyg;Gypfshy; Kjd;Kjyhf ntspaplg;gl;l Ngh];uh ;1986Mk; Mz;L tpLjiyg;Gypfshy; Kjd;Kjyhf ntspaplg;gl;l Ngh];uh ;1986Mk; Mz;L tpLjiyg;Gypfshy; Kjd;Kjyhf ntspaplg;gl;l Ngh];uh ;1986Mk; Mz;L tpLjiyg;Gypfshy; Kjd;Kjyhf ntspaplg;gl;l Ngh];uh ;1986Mk; Mz;L tpLjiyg;Gypfshy; Kjd;Kjyhf ntspaplg;gl;l Ngh];uh ;

Fiwe;jsT nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpathW

glj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;gJ Ngh];u

upd; ,ay;G. ghu;itahsu;kPJ $Ljy; jhf;

fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; Ngh];uu; glk;

jPl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. glj;jpYk; $ba ftd

rptg;G> nts;is

vd;gd khj;jpuk; cs;sd. Ngh];uiug;

gbg;gtu;fis Nehf;fp mnkupf;f muir

cUtfg;gLj;Jk; \rhk; khkh

tpd;| (UNCLE SAM) cU

tk; Rl;Ltpuiyf; fhl;ba

gb \mnkupf;f ,uhZtj;

jpw;F (ehd;) cd;id th

vd;fpNwd;| vd;fpwJ. ,e;jr;

nra;jp ngupa nfhl;il

jpw;Fk; Ngh];uu;fSf;Fk; ,Ug;gjhf Ma;

thsu;fs; fUJfpd;wdu;. ,e;j Nehf;fpy;

Ngh];uu;fs; \rKjhar; rpj;jpuk;| (SOCIAL

ARTS) vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Mrpahtpy; vt;thW tpsk;guk;

nra;fpwhu;fs; vd;w Ma;TE}ypy; Mrpah

tpd; 90 ehLfs; Ma;Tf;F cl;gLj;jg;

gl;ld. (HOW ASIA ADVERTIES BY JIM

AITCHISON) ,e;j ehLfs; nra;Ak; tpsk;

guq;fspd; juk;> iff;nfhs;Sk; topKiwfs;> ru;tNjr ghzpfSld; xg;gPL Nghd;

wit ,e;j E}ypy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

\\rpwpyq;fhtpy; nra;ag;gLk; tu;j;jf tpsk;

guq;fspy; xd;W khj;jpuk; cyf juj;jpw;F

,Uf;fpwJ. rpwpyq;fh ,uhZtj;jpd; Ml;

Nru;g;G kw;Wk; rpwg;Gr; nra;jp gw;wpa gpurhu

tpsk;guq;fs;jhd; me;j xd;whFk;|| ,uhZ

tk; mr;R kw;Wk; ,yj;jpudpay; Clfq;fs;

Clhfr; nra;Ak; gpurhuj;jpw;F tYT+l;Lk;

tpjj;jpy; mJ kf;fs; ghu;itf;Fk; nghJ

,lq;fspy; itf;Fk; gpurhug; Ngh];uu;fs;

,lk;ngWfpd;wd. rpwpyq;fhtpy; cs;

ehl;Lg;Nghu; ele;j fhyj;jpy; rpq;fs ,uh

Ztj;jpw;fhf xU tpsk;gu epWtdj;jhy;

elj;jg;gl;l gyjug;gl;l gpurhuk; ,uhZ

tj;jpd; tpk;gj;ij cau;j;jpajhf Nkw;

$wpa E}y; fUj;Jj; njuptpf;fpd;wJ.

jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs; fpuke;

jtwhJ Kf;fpa jpdq;fspy; ntspapLk;

Ngh];uu;fs; midj;Jyf kl;lj;jpy; ftd

vjw;fhf vd;gJjhd;

Kf;fpak;.

,d;W Ngh];uu; xU jdpj;Jtkhd

fiytbtkhf mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Ngh];uu; fiyapd; rhuk; ahnjdpy; mijghu;g;gtu;fSf;F cldbg; Gupjy; Vw;gL

fpd;wJ. jkJ NjitfSf;fhfg; Gypfs;

mijj; njupT nra;jjw;F ,J Kf;fpa

fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. GypfSila

Ngh];uu;fs; jj;&g Xtpak; (REALISTIC

ART) my;y. vjw;fhf mJ mr;rplg;gL

fpwNjh me;j ,yf;if vl;Ltjw;fhfNt

mJ tiuag;gLfpwJ. Ngh];uu; xU tha;

Ngrhj njhlu;G rhjdk; (NON ORAL

COMMUNICATION TOOL). mNj rkaj;

jpy; Ngh];uu; xU ru;tNjrpa nkhop. Kf;

fpa epfo;r;rpapd; rhuj;ij gpope;J Fiwe;

jsT nrhw;fisAk; $Ljyhd FwpaPl;Lg;

glq;fisAk; ,izj;Jg; GypfSila

Ngh];uu;fs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd. etPd

Xtpak;Nghy; Ngh];uu;fspy; ku;kNkh> GjpNuh

,y;iy. ghu;g;gtu;fSf;F Vw;fdNt

njupe;j my;yJ Rygkhf Cfpf;ff;$ba

gbkj;ij my;yJ epfo;r;rpia Gypfspd;

ntspaPLfs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

tUlhtUlk; fpukk; jtwhJ gpd;

tUk; Njrpa epfo;r;rpfisg; Gypfs; rpwg;

gpf;fpwhu;fs;:

1. Nfzy; fpl;L epidT ehs;

- rdtup 16

2. midj;Jyfg; ngz;fs; ehs;- khu;r;R 05

3. md;id G+gjp epidT ehs;

- Vg;gpuy; 19

4. jkpoPo khztu; ehs; - #d; 06

5. fUk;Gypfs; ehs; - #iy 05

6. jpahfp jpyPgd; epidT ehs;

- nrg;njk;gu; 26

7. gd;dpU Ntq;iffs; epidT ehs;

- xf;Njhgu; 05

8. khyjp> jkpoPog; ngz;fs; vOr;rp ehs;

- xf;Njhgu; 10

9. khtPuu; ehs; - etk;gu; 27

,tw;Ws; khtPuu; jpdk; $Ljy;

Kf;fpaj;Jk; tha;e;jjhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;

gLfpwJ. mjw;F ,U fhuzq;fs; cz;L.

md;W khtPuu;fspd; JapYk; ,y;yk;

nrd;W jPgk; Vw;Wk; ehs;. mLj;jJ Njrpaj;

jiytu; mtu;fs; ehl;L kf;fSf;F

Mw;Wk; khtPuu; ehs; ciu md;W ntspah

fpwJ. kpff; $Ljyhd Ngh];uu;fs; ntsp

aplg;gl;l Njrpa jpdkhf etk;gu; 27 ,lk;

ngWfpwJ. khtPuu;fs; njhlu;ghf jkpoPo

tpLjiyg;Gypfs; ntspapl;l KjyhtJ

nghJthd Ngh];uu; 1986 #iy 25Mk;

ehs; ntspte;jJ. ngupanjhU fljhrpapd;Nkw;Gwj;jpy; ePytz;zKk; mjd;Nky;

rptg;G vOj;Jf;fspy; \\jkpoPo tpbtpw;fhf

,d;Wtiu jk;ik mu;g;gzpj;Jf;nfhz;l

vkJ ,af;fj;jpd; jpahfr; Rlu;fs;

Kd;D}w;wp ,Ugj;jpNaO|| vd;w thrfk;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,Nj Ngh];uupy; eL

ehafkhfg; ngupastpy; Njhspy; njhq;Fk;

MAjj;Jld; xU GyptPud; xt;nthU

ifapy; xU rpWtidAk; rpWkpiaAk;

mioj;Jr;nry;Yk; fhl;rp fWg;G ikahy;

jPl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ngh];uupd; mbg;gFjpapy;

ngupa vOj;Jf;fspy; \\,J mOtjw;fhf

mikf;fg;gl;l rkhjpay;y cWjpapd;

ciwtplk; ,J|| vd;w czu;r;rp nghq;Fk;

thrfk; 327 vd;w ngupa nts;is tz;z

vz;zpd; Nky; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

khtPuh;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia

Gypfs; xUNghJk; Fiwj;Njh $l;bNah

ntspapl;ljpy;iy. mth;fs; nra;j jpah

fj;ij chpaKiwapy; Gypfs; nfstpj;J

tUfpd;wdh;. ,J rk;ge;jkhf jpfjpaplg;

glhj Ngh];uh; xd;iw nts;isf; fljhrp

apy; ePy vOj;Jf;fspy; Njrpaj; jiy

thpd; glk; kw;Wk; thrfj;Jld; Gypfs;

vOj;Jf;fspYk;> mz;ikapYs;s Ml;

Nru;g;G ikak; vd;w nrhw;fs; rpwpa vOj;

Jf;fspYk; mjpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. xU

cUtKk; gj;J Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fSk;

nfhz;l ,g;Ngh];uu; Ngh];uh; Xtpau;fSf;F topfhl;bahf mikfpwJ.

nghJTlik ehLfspYk; ru;thjp

fhu Ml;rp epyTk; ehLfspYk; kf;fs;

mjpfkhf elkhLk; ,lq;fspy; gpurhug;

Ngh];uu;fs; epue;jukhf itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Kd;dhs; Nrhtpaj; xd;wpak;> nrQ;rPdh

Mfpatw;wpy; ,e;j toik ,Ug;gJ fz;

$L. vspjhfg; ghu;f;ff;$ba cauj;jpy;

,g;Ngh];uu;fs; nghUj;jg;gLtjhy; mtw;

iwg; ghu;f;fhky; nry;tJ fbdkhf ,Uf;

Fk;. ,ij xUtif %isr;ryit vd;

Wk; nrhy;yyhk;. \cyfj; njhopyhsu;fNs

xd;wpizAq;fs;> nfhkpA+dprj; jiyik

iag; Nghw;Wq;fs;|> \Njrpa eyDf;fhfr;

NrkpAq;fs;|> \xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T|

Nghd;w nra;jpfs; ,g;Ngh];uu;fspy; nghJ

thff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kf;fs; rKjh

aj;ij xd;wpizf;Fk; tY Gifg;glj;

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0 90 90 90 90 9fhh;j;jpif> 2004fhh;j;jpif> 2004fhh;j;jpif> 2004fhh;j;jpif> 2004fhh;j;jpif> 2004

THE COLLECTIVE EXPRESSIONOF A PEOPLE DURING A PARTICU-

LAR PERIOD IN HISTORY

ntspapl;Ls;sdh;. Njrpaj; jiythpd; ;

thrfk;> \\,e;j kz;zpd; ike;jh;fisg;

ngw;w ngw;Nwhh;fNs! cq;fsJ Foe;ij

fs; rhftpy;iy> rhpj;jpukhfptpl;lhh;fs;||

vd;fpwJ. etk;gh; 27 khtPuh; ehshff;

nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F vkJ tpLjiyg;Nghhpy;

fsg;gypahd KjyhtJ khtPud; nyg;.

rq;fh; fhuzkhth;. ,th; tPur;rhtile;j

jpdk; 1982 etk;gh; 27. ,tUila glk;

jhq;fpa KO msT Ngh];uiu> ntsp

aPl;Lj; jpfjp ,lhky; Gypfs; gpuRhpj;

Js;sdh;. mjpy; gpd;tUk; thrfk;> \\Kw;W

ifapy; Kd; epd;wha;> Kjw;rhT eP fz;

lha;. nyg;bdd;l; rj;jpa ehjd; (rq;fh;/

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27.11.1982|| vd nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jkpoPof; Nfhupf;ifia typAWj;

Jk; khtPuu; ehs; Ngh];uu; 1990,y;

ntspa plg ; gl ;Ls ;sJ. ,j py ;

,yq;ifj;jPtpd; tiuglk; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mij Mz; ngz; Nghuh

spfs; flg;ghiu> Rj;jp Nghd;w MAjk;

nfhz;L ,U $whf;F fpwhu;fs;. ,f;fWg;G

nts;isg; glj;jpd;fPo; ftpij tbtpy;

,t;tupfs; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

nre;jkpo;j; jpirfs; ahTk; nre;jkpo;j; jpirfs; ahTk; nre;jkpo;j; jpirfs; ahTk; nre;jkpo;j; jpirfs; ahTk; nre;jkpo;j; jpirfs; ahTk; rptf;Fk;> rptf;Fk;> rptf;Fk;> rptf;Fk;> rptf;Fk;> ,e;J khflypy; ,d;ndhU ehL ,e;J khflypy; ,d;ndhU ehL ,e;J khflypy; ,d;ndhU ehL ,e;J khflypy; ,d;ndhU ehL ,e;J khflypy; ,d;ndhU ehL gpwf;Fk;. gpwf;Fk;. gpwf;Fk;. gpwf;Fk;. gpwf;Fk;.

mNj tUlk; etk;gupy; ,d;D

Nkhu; mjpKf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j Ngh];uu;

ntspte;jJ. ,jpy; tupr;rPUil jupj;j

Mz; ngz; Nghuhspfs; Kd;Ndwpr; nry;fp

whu;fs;. mtu;fSf;Fg; gpd;Gwj;jpy; vupe;J

nfhz;bUf;Fk; rpij xd;W fhzg;gL

fpwJ. Kd;NdWk; Nghuhspfspd; tyJ

Gwj;jpy; fy;yiwfs; njupfpd;wd. tpj;J

ly;fis vupA+l;Lk; kuig tpLj;J fy;y

iwfisj; JapYk; ,y;yq;fspy; vOg;Gk;goe;jkpou; kuigf; iff;nfhs;Sk; khw;

wj;ij ,J fhl;bepw;fpwJ.

khtPuu; ehs; Ngh];uu;fspy; kpfg;

gioaJk; Kd;NdhbAkhdjhf 1989 etk;

gu; ntspaPL fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,g;Ngh];uupy;

fWg;G tz;zk; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;JfpwJ.

Ngh];uupd; tyJ Nkw;Gwj;jpy; kQ;rs;

tz;zj;jpy; tpLjiyg;Gypfspd; cj;jp

NahfG+u;t ,yl;rpid nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;

sJ. ,lJgf;f fPo;g;Gwj;jpy; gr;irtz;z

,iyfSld; $ba ngupa rptg;Gepw

Nwh[hg;G+ glk; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Ngh];uupd; tyJ gf;fj;jpy; NkypUe;J

fPohfg; gpd;tUk; ftpij tupfs; jug;

gl;Ls;sd.\fsk; fz;l Njhou;fNs!\fsk; fz;l Njhou;fNs!\fsk; fz;l Njhou;fNs!\fsk; fz;l Njhou;fNs!\fsk; fz;l Njhou;fNs!

cyf tuyhw;W epajpapd; cyf tuyhw;W epajpapd; cyf tuyhw;W epajpapd; cyf tuyhw;W epajpapd; cyf tuyhw;W epajpapd;

xg;gw;w Rje;jpur; rpw;gpfNs! xg;gw;w Rje;jpur; rpw;gpfNs! xg;gw;w Rje;jpur; rpw;gpfNs! xg;gw;w Rje;jpur; rpw;gpfNs! xg;gw;w Rje;jpur; rpw;gpfNs! vkJ kf;fspd; tpbtpw;fhf vkJ kf;fspd; tpbtpw;fhf vkJ kf;fspd; tpbtpw;fhf vkJ kf;fspd; tpbtpw;fhf vkJ kf;fspd; tpbtpw;fhf gaj;ij ntd;wPu;fs;> Raj;ijf; gaj;ij ntd;wPu;fs;> Raj;ijf; gaj;ij ntd;wPu;fs;> Raj;ijf; gaj;ij ntd;wPu;fs;> Raj;ijf; gaj;ij ntd;wPu;fs;> Raj;ijf; nfhd;wPu;fs;> nfhd;wPu;fs;> nfhd;wPu;fs;> nfhd;wPu;fs;> nfhd;wPu;fs;> rhit mizj;J rhfhtuk; rhit mizj;J rhfhtuk; rhit mizj;J rhfhtuk; rhit mizj;J rhfhtuk; rhit mizj;J rhfhtuk; ngw;wPu;fs; ngw;wPu;fs; ngw;wPu;fs; ngw;wPu;fs; ngw;wPu;fs; rj;jpak; cq;fSf;Fr; rhl;rp rj;jpak; cq;fSf;Fr; rhl;rp rj;jpak; cq;fSf;Fr; rhl;rp rj;jpak; cq;fSf;Fr; rhl;rp rj;jpak; cq;fSf;Fr; rhl;rp nrhy;Yk; nrhy;Yk; nrhy;Yk; nrhy;Yk; nrhy;Yk;

ju;kk; ePjp nrhy;Yk; ju;kk; ePjp nrhy;Yk; ju;kk; ePjp nrhy;Yk; ju;kk; ePjp nrhy;Yk; ju;kk; ePjp nrhy;Yk; rupj;jpuk; cq;fs; ,yl;rpaj;ijr;rupj;jpuk; cq;fs; ,yl;rpaj;ijr;rupj;jpuk; cq;fs; ,yl;rpaj;ijr;rupj;jpuk; cq;fs; ,yl;rpaj;ijr;rupj;jpuk; cq;fs; ,yl;rpaj;ijr; rhftplhJ> rhftplhJ> rhftplhJ> rhftplhJ> rhftplhJ> cq;fs; cd;djg; ghijapy; vkJ cq;fs; cd;djg; ghijapy; vkJ cq;fs; cd;djg; ghijapy; vkJ cq;fs; cd;djg; ghijapy; vkJ cq;fs; cd;djg; ghijapy; vkJ tPug;gazk; njhlu;fpwJ> tPug;gazk; njhlu;fpwJ> tPug;gazk; njhlu;fpwJ> tPug;gazk; njhlu;fpwJ> tPug;gazk; njhlu;fpwJ> gpwf;fg;NghFk; Gjpa ehl;bw;F> gpwf;fg;NghFk; Gjpa ehl;bw;F> gpwf;fg;NghFk; Gjpa ehl;bw;F> gpwf;fg;NghFk; Gjpa ehl;bw;F> gpwf;fg;NghFk; Gjpa ehl;bw;F> Gypfspd; fy;yiwfs; Gypfspd; fy;yiwfs; Gypfspd; fy;yiwfs; Gypfspd; fy;yiwfs; Gypfspd; fy;yiwfs; mj;jpthukhfj; jpfOk;| mj;jpthukhfj; jpfOk;| mj;jpthukhfj; jpfOk;| mj;jpthukhfj; jpfOk;| mj;jpthukhfj; jpfOk;|

khtPuu;fspd; fy;yiwia ikag;

gLj;Jk; KjyhtJ Ngh];uu; etk;gu;

1991,y; ntspte;jJ. ,jpy; xU ,sk;

ngz;> xU %jhl;b> xU rpWtd; fy;y

iwf;F mQ;ryp nrYj;Jk; glk; tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ. fy;yiwapy; rhw;wg;gl;Ls;s

Jtf;if rpWtd; vl;bj; njhLfpwhd;.

fy;yiwapy;> \\vk; kz;zpd; tpbTf;fhfg;

Nghuhba khtPuu;fs; ,q;Nf tpijf;fg;

gl;Ls;sdu;. vkJ jhafj;jpd;

g pwg ; Gf ;fhf Ntq ;iffspd ;

,wg;Gf;fs; njhlUfpd;wd. Gypfspd;

jhfk; jkpoPoj; jhafk;| vd;w

tupfSld; ,f;fl;Liuapd; jiyg;

gpy; \ek;Gq;fs; jkpoPok; ehis gpwf;

Fk;|| vd;W njhlq;Fk; ftpijAk;

nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,Nj tUlk;

tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; kl;L-mk;ghiw

kf;fs; nfhs;if Kd;ndLg;Gg;

gpupT> khtPudpd; tpj;Jliy Gyp

tPuu;fs; Rke;J nry;Yk; Xtpak;>

Fj;jpa Jtf;F njhg;gp ,uhZt

kupahijr; rpd;dk; Mfpatw;Wld;

xU rpwe;j Ngh];uiu ntspapl;Ls;

sJ. NkYk; mNj tUl khtPuu;

ehSf;nfdj; Njrpaj; jiytu;

mtu;fs; njuptpj;j tpNrl nra;jp

Ak; gpwpNjhu; Ngh];uuhf ntspaplg;

gl;Ls;sJ.

,og;Gf;fSk; mopTfSk;,og;Gf;fSk; mopTfSk;,og;Gf;fSk; mopTfSk;,og;Gf;fSk; mopTfSk;,og;Gf;fSk; mopTfSk;

vkJ Md;k cWjpf;F vkJ Md;k cWjpf;F vkJ Md;k cWjpf;F vkJ Md;k cWjpf;F vkJ Md;k cWjpf;F cukhf mike;Jtpl;lhy;> cukhf mike;Jtpl;lhy;> cukhf mike;Jtpl;lhy;> cukhf mike;Jtpl;lhy;> cukhf mike;Jtpl;lhy;> cyfj;jpy; ve;j rf;jpahYk; cyfj;jpy; ve;j rf;jpahYk; cyfj;jpy; ve;j rf;jpahYk; cyfj;jpy; ve;j rf;jpahYk; cyfj;jpy; ve;j rf;jpahYk;

vk;ik mlf;fptpl KbahJ.| vk;ik mlf;fptpl KbahJ.| vk;ik mlf;fptpl KbahJ.| vk;ik mlf;fptpl KbahJ.| vk;ik mlf;fptpl KbahJ.| ,g;Ngh];uiuAk; kf;fs;

cwTf; nfhs;if Kd;ndLg;Gg;

gpupT> jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfs;

ntspapl;Ls;sdu;.

1992Mk; Mz;L khtPuu;

ehisr; rpwg;gpf;Fk; tpjkhf Ie;jpw;Fk;

Nkw;gl;l Ngh];uu;fs; ntspaplg;gl;ld.

Kjyhtjpy; jkpoPo tiuglKk;> epWj;jpathSk;> cau;j;jpa K~;bAk; glkhf

tiuag;gl;Ls;sd. Mjd;fPo;>

\mq;fk; KOtJk; Jbf;Fk; - Gyp \mq;fk; KOtJk; Jbf;Fk; - Gyp \mq;fk; KOtJk; Jbf;Fk; - Gyp \mq;fk; KOtJk; Jbf;Fk; - Gyp \mq;fk; KOtJk; Jbf;Fk; - Gyp Mf;fpdpf; FopapYk; Fjpf;Fk; Mf;fpdpf; FopapYk; Fjpf;Fk; Mf;fpdpf; FopapYk; Fjpf;Fk; Mf;fpdpf; FopapYk; Fjpf;Fk; Mf;fpdpf; FopapYk; Fjpf;Fk; rpe;Jk; FUjp njwpf;Fk; - mjpy; rpe;Jk; FUjp njwpf;Fk; - mjpy; rpe;Jk; FUjp njwpf;Fk; - mjpy; rpe;Jk; FUjp njwpf;Fk; - mjpy; rpe;Jk; FUjp njwpf;Fk; - mjpy;

nre;jkpoPok; gpwf;Fk;| nre;jkpoPok; gpwf;Fk;| nre;jkpoPok; gpwf;Fk;| nre;jkpoPok; gpwf;Fk;| nre;jkpoPok; gpwf;Fk;| vd;w ftpij tupfs; mr;rplg;

gl;Ls;sd. ,uz;lhtjpy; fy;yiwfSf;F

eLNt thdshtpa Fd;WNghy; ifapy;

MAjj;NjhL Mz; ngz; ,UghyhUk;

cau;e;J epw;fpwhu;fs;. cr;rpapy; xU kuf;

fd;W jiof;fpd;wJ mjd;fPo;>

\thioab thio vd \thioab thio vd \thioab thio vd \thioab thio vd \thioab thio vd khtPuu; topte;Njhk; khtPuu; topte;Njhk; khtPuu; topte;Njhk; khtPuu; topte;Njhk; khtPuu; topte;Njhk;

tpotpo vOe;J - ek; tpotpo vOe;J - ek; tpotpo vOe;J - ek; tpotpo vOe;J - ek; tpotpo vOe;J - ek; jkpoPo kz; kPl;Nghk;| jkpoPo kz; kPl;Nghk;| jkpoPo kz; kPl;Nghk;| jkpoPo kz; kPl;Nghk;| jkpoPo kz; kPl;Nghk;|

vd;w ghly; tupfs; fhzg;gLfpd;

wd. %d;whtJ Ngh];uu; kl;lf;fsg;gpy;ntspaplg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; \\jkpoPo Njrpa

tPuu; ehs;> jkpoPo vOr;rp ehs;> jkpoPo

tpLjiyapd; tPukpF jpUehs;> jha; kz;

zpd; tpLjiyf;fha; tPufhtpakhd kh

tPuu;fNs cq;fs; tuyhW vd;Wk; epiy

ahdJ|| vd;w ePz;l thrfk; nghwpf;fg;

gl;Ls;sJ.

1992Mk; Mz;bd; ehd;fhtJ

Ngh];uu; kpfTk; GJikahdJ. G+Nfhs

cUz;ilapy; ,Ue;J jkpoPok; gpwf;Fkhg;

Nghy; rpj;jpuk; ,jpy; tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ.

xU Mz; xU ngz; Nghuhspfs; cau;j;jpa

RLfyd;fSld; epw;fpwhu;fs;. rptg;G

tu;zj;jpy; \nre;jkpoPoj; jpirfs; ahTk;

rptf;Fk;> ,e;J khflypy; ,d;ndhU ehL

gpwf;Fk;| vd;w tupfs; Ngh];uupd; Nkw;

gFjpapYk;> \\cyfNk vq;fs; czu;itg;

Gupe;Jnfhs;|| vd;w nrhw;fs; mjd; fPo;g;

Gwj;jpYk; jPl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. Ie;jhtJ

kpfTk; vspikahf nts;is rptg;G tz;

zq;fspy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. cauj;

jpy; njupAk; el;rj;jpuq;fis Nehf;fp

kdpjg; ghjr;RtLfs; nry;fpd;wd. eLNt

ePy tz;zj;jpy; MAjNke;jpa fuk;. mjd;

fPo; kPz;LnkhU ghjr;RtL> mjpy; %d;W

Gyp tPuu;fs; ele;J nry;fpwhu;fs;. \ek;Gq;

fs; jkpoPok; ehis gpwf;Fk;| vd;w ghly;

Ngh];uupd; mbg;gFjpapy; gpuRupf;fg;gl;L

s;sJ.

fle;j njhz;Z}Wfspy; jkpoPoj;

Njrpaf;nfhbapd; tz;zq;fshd kQ;rs;>

rptg;G> fWg;G> nts;is Mfpa ehepwq;

fis Kf;fpa ftdnkLj;J khtPuu; ehs;

Ngh];uu;fspy; gad;gLj;Jk; toik Njhd;wp

aJ. kQ;rs; vkJ tpLjiyg;Nghupd;

epahag;ghl;ilAk;> rptg;G vkJ rKjhaj;

jpy; nra;ag;glNtz;ba Gul;rpfu khw;wq;

fisAk;> fWg;G tpLjiy ,yl;rpaj;jpy;vkJ cWjpg;ghl;ilAk;> nts;is vkJ

mikg;G> vkJ Nghuhl;lk; Mfpatw;wpd;

J}a;ikiaAk; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

KjyhtJ Ngh];uupy; fy;yiw

fs; tiuag;gl;Ls;sd. rpy fy;yiwfs;

jpwe;jgb tplg;gl;L mjpy; rPUiljupj;j

khtPuu; cwq;Fk; nka;rpyph;f;Fk; fhl;rp

rpj;jpukhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Rw;wpYk; jPgq;fs;

vupfpd;wd. Ngh];uupd; mbg;gFjpapy;

\ek;Gq;fs; jkpoPok; ehis gpwf;Fk;| vd;W

njhlq;Fk; ghly; tupfs; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;

sd. ,uz;lhtJ Ngh];uupy; ehd;F fy;y

iwfs;> VO jPgq;fs;> rPUil jupahj

xU Mz; xU ngz; ,stajpdu;> cau;j;

jpg; gpbj;j jPg;ge;jq;fs; vd;gd $l;lhf

tiuag;gl;Ls;sd. ,g;Ngh];uupy; gpd;tUk;

ghly;tupfs; gjpthfpAs;sd.

mjph;NthL kzpNahir es;spuT mjph;NthL kzpNahir es;spuT mjph;NthL kzpNahir es;spuT mjph;NthL kzpNahir es;spuT mjph;NthL kzpNahir es;spuT Nfl;Fk;> Nfl;Fk;> Nfl;Fk;> Nfl;Fk;> Nfl;Fk;> jPr;Rlu;fs; cau;e;J cq;fs; jPr;Rlu;fs; cau;e;J cq;fs; jPr;Rlu;fs; cau;e;J cq;fs; jPr;Rlu;fs; cau;e;J cq;fs; jPr;Rlu;fs; cau;e;J cq;fs; ,yl;rpaj;ijf; fhl;Lk;> ,yl;rpaj;ijf; fhl;Lk;> ,yl;rpaj;ijf; fhl;Lk;> ,yl;rpaj;ijf; fhl;Lk;> ,yl;rpaj;ijf; fhl;Lk;> fdNthL nrd;wtNu cq;fs; top fdNthL nrd;wtNu cq;fs; top fdNthL nrd;wtNu cq;fs; top fdNthL nrd;wtNu cq;fs; top fdNthL nrd;wtNu cq;fs; top njhlu - GJf; njhlu - GJf; njhlu - GJf; njhlu - GJf; njhlu - GJf; fhy;fs; te;njq;fs; mzpAld; fhy;fs; te;njq;fs; mzpAld; fhy;fs; te;njq;fs; mzpAld; fhy;fs; te;njq;fs; mzpAld; fhy;fs; te;njq;fs; mzpAld; NrUk;.| NrUk;.| NrUk;.| NrUk;.| NrUk;.|

khu;f; Njhgp (MARK TOBEY)

vd;w fiy tpku;rfu; $WtJNghy; xU

Xtpaj;jpd; cl;nghUs; fhyk;> ,lk;> tu

yhW vd;gdNthL gpize;Js;sJ. mJ

kdpj Fyj;jpd; cs;shu;e;j ek;gpf;if

fNshL njhlu;Ggl;lJ. GypfSila khtPuu;

ehs; Ngh]; uu;fs; ,t;Tz;ikfis czu;

j;Jfpd;wd. mit vkJ ,dj;jpd;

tuyhwhfTk;> r%fr; rpj;jpukhfTk; ,lk;

ngWfpd;wd. vspikAk; mj;jpahtrpaq;

fSf;Fs; RUf;fg;gl;l rpf;fdKk; nfhz;l

itahf mrhjhuz fiyAzu;NthL

mit kpsu;fpd;wd. mtw;wpd; fw;gid

fSk; cUtq;fSk;> FwpaPLfSk; vkJ

tpLjiyg; Nghupy; ,Ue;Nj ngwg;gl;ld.

mtw;iwg; Nghupay; Mtzkhff; fUJt

jpy; jtwpy;iy.

xNu nra ;j piar ;

nrhy;Yk; %d;W Ngh];uu;fis

jkpoPo tpLjiyg;Gypfspd;

mur pay ;Jiw 199 4,y ;

ntspapl;Ls;sJ. KjyhtJ

Ngh];uupd; tyJ Nkw;gFjpapy;

xypf;Fk; kzpapd; glKk;> ,lJ

%iy apy; jkpoPo tiuglKk;>

eLg;gFjpapy; xU njhFjp

jPgq;fSk;> jPgr; Rthiy apy;

khtPuu; Kfq;fSk; fhzf;

$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jpy; gpd;

tUk; ghly; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ:

\tpbAk; tiuAk; tpbAk;\tpbAk; tiuAk; tpbAk;\tpbAk; tiuAk; tpbAk;\tpbAk; tiuAk; tpbAk;\tpbAk; tiuAk; tpbAk; tiuAk; njhlUk; tiuAk; njhlUk; tiuAk; njhlUk; tiuAk; njhlUk; tiuAk; njhlUk; vq;fs; gazk; vq;fs; gazk; vq;fs; gazk; vq;fs; gazk; vq;fs; gazk; Rlupy; njupAk; Kfq;fs; Rlupy; njupAk; Kfq;fs; Rlupy; njupAk; Kfq;fs; Rlupy; njupAk; Kfq;fs; Rlupy; njupAk; Kfq;fs; epidtpy; ,utpy; epidtpy; ,utpy; epidtpy; ,utpy; epidtpy; ,utpy; epidtpy; ,utpy; kzpfs; mirAk;| kzpfs; mirAk;| kzpfs; mirAk;| kzpfs; mirAk;| kzpfs; mirAk;|

,uz;lhtJ Ngh];uupy;

kyu;J}tpa xw;iwf; fy;yiwAk;>

Kd;Ndwpr; nry;Yk; gs;spr; rpW

tu;fSk;> jkpoPo tiuglKk;

jPl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. gpd;tUk; tupfs;

rptg;G vOj;jpy; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls; sd.

\xspfs; RlUk; topapy; ,dpAk; gazk;

njhlUk;> tpb Ak; nghOjpy; ,isQu;

cyfk; rupjk; vOJk; vOJk;.| %d;whtJ

kpfg ; gpukhz;lkhd Ngh];uuhf

,lk;ngWfpwJ. jpwe;j fy;yiwapy;

rPUilAld; cwq;Fk; GyptPuu; glKk;>

Fj;jpa Jtf;Fk; mjd;Nky; njhg;gpAk;>fuk; cau;j;jpa cUtq;fSk;> jPgq;fSk;

,jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. \ek;Gq;fs; jkpoPok;

ehis gpwf;Fk;| vd;W njhlq;Fk; ghly;

mjpy; gpuRukhfpAs;sJ.

1995Mk; Mz;bw;Fg;gpd; jkpoPo

tuyhW Gjpa jpUg;gk; fhz;fpwJ. ,lg;

ngau;Tk; Nghu; mdu;j;jq;fSk; vk;ik

thl;Lfpd;wd. vd;whYk; ehk; cWjp jsu

tpy;iy. ,ij 1996Mk; Mz;bd; khtPuu;

ehs; Ngh];uu; vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ. kQ;rs;

tl;lj;jpw;Fs; thDau;e;J epw;Fk; vkJ

Njrpaf; nfhbapd; glk; ,jpy; fz;izf;

ftUfpwJ. Ngh];uupd; eLg;gFjpapy; fy;y

iwfSk;> vOk;gp epw;Fk; kdpjf; fuq;f

Sk;> vupAk; jPgq;fSk; fhl;rp jUfpd;wd.

fPog;gFjpapy; Gyp ,yl;rpid nghwpf;fg;

gl;Ls;sJ. \ek;Gq;fs; jkpoPok; ehis

gpwf;Fk;| vd;w ghly; ,jpy; kPz;Lk; gpu

Rupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1996njhlf;fk; vkJ

Njrpag; gj;jpupifahd gr;ir>

fWg;G> kQ;rs; tz;zq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;

gl;ld. NkNy gwf;Fk; Gypf;nfhb> jkpoPo

tiuglk;> eLNt fy;yiwfs;> Fj;jpa

Jtf;fpd;Nky; njhg;gp> fPNo \khtPuu;fspd;

,uj;jj;jhy; vkJ tuyhW vOjg;gLfpd;

wJ| vd;w ngupa rptg;G vOj;Jf;fSk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,uz;lhtJ 1998 Mz;Lg; Ngh];uupd; eLNt gr;ir epwj;jpy;

xU khngUk; tpUl;rKk; mjpy; jkpoPo

tiuglKk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. fWg;G

nts;is tz;zj;jpy; khtPuu; fy;yiw

fSk;> jPgq;fSk;> fy;yiwfs;kPJ rptg;G

kyu;fSk; Ngh];uupd; eLg;gFjpapy; jPl;lg;

gl;Ls;sd. Gyp ,yr;rpidAld; gpd;tUk;

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