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Looking beyond grain for overall benefit from wheat in mixed crop livestock

systemsMichael Blϋmmel1, Arun K Joshi2, Nils Teufel1 and Iain A. Wright1

1International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), India and Ethiopia2Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Nepal

Wheat for Food Security in Africa ConferenceAddis Ababa, 8-12 October 2012

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Topics

Wheat straw as commodity, contribution to overall income from wheat production

Wheat straw trading as feed back mechanism and

entry point for wheat straw value chain improvement

Opportunities and limitations of improving wheat straw through multidimensional wheat improvement

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Peri-urban wheat straw trader, New Delhi

Wheat straw-grain price ratios in South Asia

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Straw price/grain price in %, as collected during village survey 2009/10

% (n) Normal Peak

Punjab 35 (18) 48 (18)

Haryana 19 (18) 30 (18)

N Teufel et al. (2011)

In Ethiopia in 2006/2007 Gebremedhin estimated reported wheat straw - grain price ratios of 10 to 27%

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Category Variety Price [Rs/kg straw] n

New Delhi wheat straw markets

best Not known  4.25 2

best WH-283 4.00 1

medium Not known  3.85 2

medium 1553 4.00 1

Village Kapriwas, dist. Rewari, Haryana

best C-306 3.50 1

best WH-283 3.40 1

good DBW-17 3.00 1

good PBW-502 3.00 1

good PBW-550 3.25 1

medium PBW-343 3.00 1

Wheat straw collected from fodder traders and farmers

All samples collected for feeding trials 04/2009

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Price: quality relations in wheat strawtraded monthly in New Delhi

from 2008 to 2009

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Category ADF [%dm (SE)] Price [Rs/kg straw (SE)] n

New Delhi wheat straw markets

best 48.8 (0.21) 4.43 (0.11) 36

good 49.3 (0.21) 4.21 (0.07) 72

medium 49.1 (0.24) 4.00 (0.09) 42

Patna straw markets

best 50.7 (0.16) 3.26 (0.08) 48

good 50.9 (0.14) 3.07 (0.06) 72

medium 51.6 (0.21) 2.85 (0.08) 35

Wheat straw collected from fodder traders in Delhi and Patna

Samples collected monthly for NIRS analysis 07/2008 – 06/2009

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Price-quality relations in wheat straw traded monthly in New Delhi and

Patna from 2008 to 2009

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HTM = Heat Trial Early maturity: India (Indore, Ugar, Ludhiana, Karnal and Varansi) Bangladesh and Pakistan

HTNM = Heat Trial Normal Maturity: India (Ugar, Ludhiana, Karnal) Bangladesh and Pakistan (Islamabad, Bahawalpur and Faisalabad)

SAWYT = Semi Arid Wheat Trial: India (Indore, Ugar, Dharward and Varanasi)Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan

ESWYT = Elite Spring Wheat Trial: Bangladesh and Pakistan

1st DRYT = 1st Drought Yield Trial: India (Indore, Ugar and Dharward) and Pakistan

2nd DRYT =2st Drought Yield Trial: India (Ludhiana, Karnal and Varanasi), Nepal and Pakistan

Wheat straw trials investigatedfor straw traits

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0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 90000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1st DRYT2nd DRYT

ESWYT

HTEMHTNMSAWYT

Straw yield (kg/ha)

Gra

in y

ield

(kg

/ha)

Relations between straw yield and grain yield in a range of

wheat cultivars

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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 570

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1st DRYT2st DRYT

ESWYT

HTEMHTNMSAWYT

Acid detergent fiber content (%)

Gra

in y

ield

(k

g/h

a)

Wheat straw trading

Relations between acid detergent fibercontent of straw and grain yield in a range of wheat cultivars

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Relations between nitrogen content of straw and grain yield in a range of

wheat cultivars

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Straw in vitro organic matter digestibility and grain yield in 437 cultivars from IRRI

32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0 47.5 50.0 52.50

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000AROMATICSHYBRIDSINDICANPTReleased varieties

y = 10 650 - 103.7x; r= - 0.19 P=<0.0001

Straw in vitro organic matter digestibility (%)

Gra

in y

ield

(kg

/ha)

Source: Blümmel et al. 2007

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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 570

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1st DRYT2nd DRYT

ESWYT

HTEMHTNMSAWYT

Acid detergent fiber content (%)

Str

aw y

ield

(kg

/ha)

Relations between acid detergent fiber and straw yield in a range of

wheat cultivars

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Conclusions

In times of peak demand in wheat straw prices can approach half that of the grain

Price premiums for higher quality wheat straws on average about 11 from intuitively small

differences

Including straw traits in cultivar choice increasesprobability of having premium straw quality

Vary strong clustering of cultivar types for grain and straw yield and for straw quality