long-term variability of pelagic fish species …€¦ · sakhalin south-eastern sakhalin aniva...

LONGLONG--TERM VARIABILITY OF PELAGIC FISH SPECIES COMPOSITION TERM VARIABILITY OF PELAGIC FISH SPECIES COMPOSITION

NEAR THE SAKHALIN (SEA of OKHOTSK): DISTRIBUTION, NEAR THE SAKHALIN (SEA of OKHOTSK): DISTRIBUTION,

FLUCTUATIONS IN ABUNDANCE, FISHERYFLUCTUATIONS IN ABUNDANCE, FISHERY

A. A. YaYa. Velikanov, SakhNIRO, Russia. Velikanov, SakhNIRO, Russia ee--mail: velikanov@ mail: velikanov@ sakhniro.rusakhniro.ru

Sakhalin Island

56532Number of planktivorous species with biomass >100 000 t

787–865Number of planktivorous species with biomass >10 0000 t

291415

341717

331617

321616

271512

Total planktivorous species PelagicDemersal

++++++–+++++++––++

++++++–+++++++++++

++++++++++++–+++++

+–+++++++++++–++++

–+–+++–++++–––++++

DEMERSAL FISH*Gadus macrocephalus (juv.)Eleginus gracious (juv.)Lumpenella longirostrisLumpenus sagittaLeptoclinus maculatesAmmodytes hexapterusHypoptichuss dybowskiiHexagrammus octogrammus (juv.)Hexagrammus lagocephalus (juv.)Blepsias cirrhosusHemitripterus viilosusHemilepidotus gilberti (juv.)Melletes papillio Podothecus acipenserinus Podothecus gilberti Eumicrotremus pacificusHippoglossoides elassodonLimanda sakhalinensis

+++++++++++––++––+

++++++++++++++++–+

++++++–+++–+++++++

++++++–+++–+++++++

++++++–+++–+++++––

PELAGIC FISH Clupea harengus Sardinops sagax Engraulis japonicusOncorhynchus keta (juv.)Oncorhncus gorbuschaOncorhynchus mazou (juv.)Oncorhynchus tschawyscha (juv.)Osmerus dentexHypomesus japonicus Mallotus villosus Leuroglossus schmidtiiSalangichthys microdonCololabis sairaTheragra chalcogrammaGasterosteus acelatus acelatus Arctoscopus japonicusScomber japonicusPleurogramus azonus (juv.)

North-eastern Sakhalin

South-eastern Sakhalin

Aniva Bay, La Perouse Strait

South-western Sakhalin

North western SakhalinSpecies

Species composition (+, species present; –, species absent) of pelagic and demersal planktivorous fish in different areas off Sakhalin Island (adapted from Lindberg, 1959; Borets, 1997).

Species composition (+, species present; –, species absent) of pelagic and demersal planktivorous fish in different areas off Sakhalin Island

(adapted from Lindberg, 1959; Borets, 1997).

AnadromousPelagicDemersal

Б


В


Г


Д

A

B

D

E

C

Proportion of pelagic, anadromous and

demersal

species in the epipelagic fish

communities in different regions of eastern S a k h a l i n : 1947-1997 -

northeastern Sakhalin (A), southeastern Sakhalin (B), Aniva Bay (C); 2002-2004 -

Aniva Bay (D); 2005-

Aniva Bay ( E )

Pelagic fish species composition


А

A

Lamna ditropisEngraulis japonicusMallotus villosusSalmonPleurogrammus azonusOthers

A

Lamna ditropisClupea pallasiEngraulis japonicusMallotus villosusSalmonPleurogrammus azonusOthers

Б


В


Г

Leuroglossus schmidtiMallotus villosusPleurogrammus azonusOthers

А

Leuroglossus schmidti

Clupea pallasi

Mallotus v illosus

Pleurogrammus azonus

Others

Б


Clupea pallasi

Engraulis japonicus

Mallotus villosus


Others

В


Clupea pallasi

Engraulis japonicus

Mallotus v illosus


Others

Г

A

B

C

D

Biomass and abundance proportion of pelagic fish species in the Aniva Bay upper epipelagic zone and adjoining areas of the Sea of Okhotsk: A –

2002; B –

2003; C –

2004; D-

2002-2004Biomass Abundance

Data of south-latitude fishes occurred near the Okhotsk Sea coast of Sakhalin Island in

different years

Fish species Aniva Bay Eastern Sakhalin

English name Latin name 1947-1949(Lindberg,1959)

2000-2008 1947-1949(Lindberg,1959)

2000-2008

Salmon shark Lamna ditropis + +(2002-2005; 2007)

+ +(2002-2004; 2008)

White shark Carcharodon carcharias

_ +(2007)

_ _

Pacific sardine Sardinops melanostictus

? +(2006-2007)

? +(2001-2004)

Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus _ +(2003-2008)

_ +(2000-2004; 2008)

Pacific saury Cololabis saira + _ + +(2000-2001)

Green gar Strongilura anastomella

_ +(2008)

_ _

Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli + +(2006)

_ _

Rockfish Sebastes wakiyai _ +(2001)

_ _

Common dolphin-fish Coryphaena hippurus _ +(2000)

_ +(2004)

Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus + +(2000)

_ +(2008)

Swell fishes puffers Takifugu porphyreus + +(2003; 2008)

_ _

143 144 145 146 14748

49

50

51

52

53

54

0.01

1

2

3

4

5

6

7т/кв милю

143 144 145 146 14748

49

50

51

52

53

54

0.01

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7т/кв милю

А Б

143°00' 144°00' 145°00' 146°00'

49°00'

50°00'

51°00'

52°00'

53°00'

54°00'

т/кв.милю

0.01

0.1

1

10

12

143 144 145

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

0.01

0.05

0.1

1

10

50

Ðèñ.3.3 - Ðàñï ðåäåëåí èå ñåëüäè ó âî ñòî ÷í î ãî Ñàõàëèí à â ñåí òÿáðå-î êòÿáðå 2004 ã. (ò/êâ.ì èëþ )

02468

1 01 21 41 61 82 02 22 4

7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7

Д л и н а т е л а , с м

%

и ю н ь N = 3 3 5 э к з , M = 2 8 . 9 3 с м А

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2

1 4

1 6

1 8

2 0

7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7

Д л и н а т е л а , с м

%

с е н т я б р ь - о к т я б р ь N = 3 5 2 э к з , M = 1 9 . 4 7 с м Б

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33Длина, см

Доля,

%

Глубина 240, горизонт 70-115 мГлубина 220, горизонт 5-35 мГлубина 68, горизонт 35-65 м

N=100 экз., Ср.=28.4 смN=88 экз., Ср.=28.3 см

N=113 экз., Ср.=15.2 см

Distribution of pelagic fishes

Distribution of herring along the eastern Sakhalin coast (from left to right: October 2002; July 2002; August 2003; September-October 2004)

Length-size composition of herring trawl catches near northeastern Sakhalin: Left –

July 2002 (A); October 2002 (B); right –

June 2007

A

B

1 4 3 1 4 4 1 4 5 1 4 64 8

4 9

5 0

5 1

5 2

5 3

5 4

1 0

5 0

1 0 0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

5 0 0 0

142.5 143.0 143.5 144.0 144.5 145.0 145.546.00

46.50

47.00

47.50

48.00

48.50

49.00

49.50

1

5

10

50

100

200

142.0 142.5 143.0 143.5

45.40

45.90

46.40

46.90

0.5

1

5

10

20

143°00' 144°00' 145°00' 146°00'

49°00'

50°00'

51°00'

52°00'

53°00'

54°00'

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

350

т/кв.милю

143 144 145

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

0.1

0.5

1

5

10

15

20

21

Ðèñ.3.1 - Ðàñï ðåäåëåí èå ì èí òàÿ ó âî ñòî ÷í î ãî Ñàõàëèí à â ñåí òÿáðå-î êòÿáðå 2004 ã. (ò/êâ.ì èëþ )

1

100

1000

5000

10000

21000

êã/êâ.êì

143°00' 144°00' 145°00' 146°00'49°00'

50°00'

51°00'

52°00'

53°00'

54°00'

55°00'

.

Distribution of walleye pollock near the eastern Sakhalin coast in 2002 (from left to right: northeastern Sakhalin, September-October; southeastern Sakhalin and

Aniva Bay, August-September).

Distribution of walleye pollock near the northeastern Sakhalin coast (from left to right: August 2003, October 2004 and 2005)

X=3.12

02468

1012141618

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Ряд1

X=8.83

0

5

10

15

20

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Ряд1

X=15.63

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Ряд1

X=11.25

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Ряд1

D

Dynamics of abundance index of pink salmon in different regions of eastern Sakhalin in 1996-2005 (top-down: northeastern Sakhalin; Terpeniya Bay; southeastern Sakhalin;

Aniva Bay).

142.00 143.00 144.00 145.00 146.00 147.0045.00

46.00

47.00

48.00

49.00

50.00

51.00

52.00

53.00

54.00

55.00

- улова нет- 0.01-5.0 кг/час траления

- 5.1-10.0 кг/час траления



142 143 144 145 146 147 148 14944

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

нет1-5051-100101-10001001-50005001-20000

Улов, шт/траление

143 144 145

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

0.005

0.01

0.05

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.41

Ðèñ.3.4 - Ðàñï ðåäåëåí èå ì î éâû ó âî ñòî ÷í î ãî Ñàõàëèí à â ñåí òÿáðå-î êòÿáðå 2004 ã. (ò/êâ.ì èëþ )

Distribution of capelin near the eastern Sakhalin coast (from left to right: pelagic trawl survey -

June-July 2002, June-August 2003; bottom trawl survey -

September-October 2004)

141 142 143 144 145 146

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

Охотское море

Тата рс кий пр

о лив

Залив Терпения

о . Моне рон ЗаливАнива

нет

2

102

141 142 143 144 14545

46

47

48

142.00 142.50 143.00 143.50

45.40

45.90

46.40

46.90

1.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

т/кв.милю

143 144 145 14648

49

50

51

52

53

54

0.1

1

5

10

15

Distribution of sand-lance near the northeastern Sakhalin coast in September-October 2002 (bottom trawl survey)Photo of sand –lance from pelagic trawl catches near

the

northeastern Sakhalin coast in

July 2002

Distribution of sand-lance in Aniva Bay and La Perouse Strait in June 2004 (left fig.) and 2006 (bottom trawl survey)

Distribution of sand-lance inshelf waters of Sakhalin Island

142.00 143.00 144.00 145.00 146.00 147.0045.00

46.00

47.00

48.00

49.00

50.00

51.00

52.00

53.00

54.00

55.00

- улова нет- 1-10 экз./час траления- 11-50 экз./час траления

- 51-100 экз./час траления

- 101-200 экз./час траления

- более 200 экз./час траления

142 143 144 145 14645

46

47

48

нет1-5051-100101-200201-400


142 143 144 14545

46

47

48

нет1-100101-500501-1000


142 143 144 14545

46

47

48

нет1-100101-500501-10001001-20002001-5000


Distribution of arabesque greenling in Aniva Bay and adjoining waters (pelagic trawl survey:

left panel -

June-July 2002, central panel -

June-July 2002-2004; bottom trawl survey:

right panel (top-down) –

October-November 2000, August-

September 2002, August 2005)

“Aniva Bay and La Perouse Strait are the only region where arabesque greenling demersal

aggregations were found in the Okhotsk Sea waters of Sakhalin Island, including aggregations of adult fishes (2005)”

Boundaries of maximal distribution of the fishing congestions of

the sardineduring 1987-1989 (Zhigalin, Belayev, 1999)

140° 145° 150° 155°

45°

50°

55°

60°

141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 14944

45

46

47

48

нет1-100101-500501-10001001-20002001-6000

Улов , шт/траление

141.0 141.5 142.0 142.5 143.0 143.5 144.0 144.5

46.0

46.5

47.0

47.5

48.0

1-10

11-50

51-120

нет улова

Улов: шт/траление

140 142 144 146 14844

46

48

50

52

54

Anchovy

05

101520

25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 July August September October

%

A

S u rfa c e w a t e r t e m p e ra t u re -S W

02468

1 01 21 41 61 82 0

2 5 3 0 5 10 15 2 0 2 5 3 0 5 10 15 2 0 2 5 3 0 5 10 15 20 2 5 3 0J u ly A u g u s t S e p t e m b e r O c t o b e r

°C

B

Distribution

of Japanese

anchovy

catches

in

the

Sea

of

Okhotsk(from

left

to

right: summer1999, Merzlaykov,Temnykh, 2002; summer 2004 and summer 2008)

Distribution

of Japanese

anchovy

near the Sakhalin coast in

summer-

autumn 2002

Dynamics

of Japanese

anchovy

frequency

and water

surface

temperature

in

a zone

of deep

waters

near

southeastern

Sakhalin

in

1999

140 145 150 155

45

50

55

60

Pacific saury

0

10

20

30

25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30

July August September October

%

A

Surface water temperature -SW

02468

101214161820

25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30July August September October

°C

B

Left Fig. Distribution

of saury catches

(thousand

ind./sq. km) in

the

Sea

of Okhotsk in

summer-autumn

1999 (from

Merzlyakov, Temnykh, 2002)Right Fig. Dynamics of Pacific saury frequency and water surface

temperature in a zone of deep waters near the southeastern Sakhalin in 1999

South-latitude fish found in the Sea of Okhotsk (north boundaries)

near Sakhalin Island in different decades

Species 1930-

19391940-

19491950-

19591980-

19891990-

19992000-

2008Source

Pacific sardine

52°00’ 46°40’ 48°40’ 48°40’ 53°20’ Taranets, 1937; Druzhinin,Darda,1963; Zhigalin, Belayev,1999; Velikanov,2006

Japanese anchovy

46°40’ 49°00’ 53°00’ 54°20’ Darda,1968;Velikanov,2001;2004;2006;Mukhametova, 2004

Pacific saury 49°00’ 47°00’ 50°00’ Lindberg,1959; Velikanov,2003;2006;

Filatov,2005

Daggertooth 47°38’ Own data, 1996

Common dolphin-fish

46°30’ 47°18’ Poltev, Sergeenko,

2001; Nazarkin,Gudkov,2006

Longnose

lancetfish46°50’ 46°39’ Ilinskiy, 1998; Velikanov, 2003

White shark 46°35’ Own data, 2007

Swell fishes puffers

46°30’ Velikanov, Stominok,

2004

Chub mackerel

46°00’

-

46°30’

46°21’ Lindberg,1959; Velikanov,Stominok, 2004; Own

data, 2008

1 42 1 43 1 44 1 45 1 4645

46

47

48

нет1-10

Улов, шт /траление

142 143 144 145 14645

46

47

48

1 42 1 43 1 44 1 45 1 4645

46

47

48

нет1-100101-500501-20002001-5000

Улов, шт /траление

нет1-100101-200201-500501-100022000

Улов, шт /трал ение

141.0 141.5 142.0 142.5 143.0 143.5 144.0 144.5

46.0

46.5

47.0

47.5

48.0

1-3

4-20

21-50

нет улова


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Длина тела, см

% встречаемости

2003 год N=743 экз, M=9.46 см2004 год N=575 экз, M=13.62 см

2003

2004

Distribution of juvenile herring in Aniva Bay and adjacent waters in June-July 2002-2004 and 2008

2002

2008

Length composition of herring from the pelagic trawl catches

in Aniva Bay and adjacent waters in summer 2003-2004

Changing of spawning ground productivityLocation of herring spawning grounds near the southern coast of Sakhalin in 1955 (Rumyantsev et al,1958)

142 143 144 14545

46

47

48

нет1-1011-20


142 143 144 14545

46

47

48

142 143 144 14545

46

47

48

нет1


нет1-56-5051-100101-200


143 144 145 146

49

50

51

52

53

54экз./0.5 кв. м

1000 м

500 м

100 м

О Х О Т С

К О Е

М О

Р Е

о. С

АХАЛ

ИН

1

10

100

300

400

141 142 143 144 14545

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

0

50

100

150

200

250

280

300

о. Сахалин

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Ряд1

х1013

Distribution of juvenile walleye pollock in Aniva Bay and adjacent waters in June-July

2002-2004

(top-down)

Dynamics of abundance index of walleye pollock floating eggs near the northeastern Sakhalin coast in 2000-2008

Spatial distribution of walleye pollock floating eggs near the northeastern Sakhalin coast in June 2007 (left)

and early July 2008 (right)

142 143 144 14545

46

47

48

142 143 144 14545

46

47

48

нет1-5


142 143 144 14545

46

47

48

нет1-5



нет1-5051-1 00101 -5 005 01-20 00

141.0 141.5 142.0 142.5 143.0 143.5 144.0 144.5

46.0

46.5

47.0

47.5

48.0

1-10

11-100

101-1750

нет улова


N=368 шт., М=25.5 см.

-5

5

15

25

35

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Длина АС, см

%

2004

N=102 шт., М=25.8 см.

0

10

20

30

40

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Длина АС, см

%

2006

0

5

10

15

20

25

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28Длина АС, см

%

1976 г,n=5642,M=18.72 см 1982 г,n=2393M=17.6 см1985 г,n=540,М=16.4 см

В

Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Occurrence, % 2.3 2.7 4.3 10.0 1.2 0.0 50.0

Catch, ind./trawl 1-5 1-5 1-20000 1-30 1-2 0.0 1-1750

Number of stations 37 48 145 80 81 91 91

Distribution of juvenile sand-lance in Aniva Bay and adjacent waters in June-July 2002-2004 and

in July 2008 (top-down)

Occurrence and pelagic trawl catches of juvenilesand-lance in Aniva Bay and adjacent waters in June-July 2002-2008

Length composition of the bottom trawl catches

of sand–lance in the La Perouse Strait in June

2004 and 2006 (top) and in June-August 1976, 1982 and

1985 (bottom)

Year Aniva Bay South-Eastern Sakhalin

Egg concentration (х106

egg/m2)Spawning area (х106 m2)

Egg concentration (х106

egg/m2)Spawning area (х106 m2)

1979 3,14 –

15,90 0.60

1985 0.51-3.66

1986 0.26 –

0.67

1987 0.05-

1.28 0.50 0.08 -0,17 0.51

1988 0.01 –

2.10 0.71 0,01 –

8.77 0.89

1989 0.01 –

3.18 0.64

1985-1989 0.01 –

3.66 0.5-0.71 0.01 -

8,77 0.51-0.89

2000 0.004 –

0.145 0,30 –

0.70 0.50

2001 0.002 –

0.110 0,05 –

0,40 0.40

2002 0.049-

2.025 0.20 0.10 –

1,01 0.60

2003 0.009-

1.452 0.09 0.05 –

0.20

2004 0.007 –

0.196 0.15 0,01 –

0,19

2000-2004 0.002 –

2.025 0.09-0.20 0,01 –

1,01 0.40-0.60

Data of capelin spawning area and eggs concentration in Aniva Bay and near southeastern Sakhalin in different years

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1950

1952

1954

1956

1958

1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

Х 1000 тонн

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1951

1955

1959

1963

1967

1971

1975

1979

1983

1987

1991

1995

1999

2003

2007

X100

0 to

ns

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997

Года

Улов, тыс

.тонн

0

5

10

15

20

25

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

x 10

000 t

Ряд1

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

Tons

0

50

100

150

200

250

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

X10

tons

Pink salmon

Sand-lance

Arabesque greenling

Walleye pollock

Pacific sardine

Herring

Dynamics of different pelagic fish catches in the southwestern part

of the Sea of Okhotsk in the second half of the 20th century

Abundance and Fishery

In the 20th century total maximal annual catches of herring, Pacific sardine, sand-lance, walleye pollock and pink salmon reached 1,0 million tons near the eastern Sakhalin. Long-term abundance fluctuations of northern and southern boreal species were characterized by comparatively smooth changes, which had been observed during 50-60 years. The time periods when high abundant subtropical species appeared in the investigation area were shorter, not more than 10-20 years.

Summary

•

Essential changes in species composition, distribution, abundance and annual catches of pelagic fishes took place in the Sea of Okhotsk near the Sakhalin Island during 1950 –

2008.•

At present, walleye pollock, herring and sand-lance are mostly abundant in the northern part of the study area (49 -

54°

N), whereas pink salmon, capelin, arabesque greenling and Japanese anchovy –

in the southern part (46 -

49°

N).•

The productivity of the southern spawning grounds for herring, walleye pollock, sand-

lance and capelin declined significantly during the last 30 years, whereas the productivity of pink salmon spawning grounds in Sakhalin southern rivers increased.

•

In 1990-2008 reproduction of Japanese anchovy and arabesque greenling was at the high level. Annually these species form feeding aggregations near the southeastern Sakhalin, but their spawning grounds are located far south of Sakhalin Island.

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In the 20th century total maximal annual catches of herring, Pacific sardine, sand-

lance, walleye pollock and pink salmon reached 1,0 million tons near the eastern and southern Sakhalin.

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Long-term abundance and catches fluctuations of boreal and subtropical pelagic fishes have essential difference in the Sea of Okhotsk near Sakhalin Island. Boreal species were characterized by comparatively smooth changes, which had been observed during 50-60 years. The time period when high abundant subtropical species appeared in the investigation area was shorter, not more

than 10-20 years•

A new wave of south-latitude fish migrations took place near the Eastern Sakhalin in

2000-2008; there were recorded almost 10 various species, including white shark, which was caught for the first time in Aniva Bay in 2007.

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All above-mentioned changes in the epipelagic fish communities are related

with long-term changes in climate and oceanological regime.

•Thank you for attention

long-term variability of pelagic fish species …€¦ · sakhalin south-eastern sakhalin aniva...

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