Long Responses in the AP Euro Exam

Frye [with thanks to Swanny]

The Basics

• SHORT ANSWERS IN THE AP EURO EXAM

• 4 SAs; no choices; 45 minutes; 20% of exam

• 1. Read the whole question.

• 2. Answer each piece with regard to other pieces.

• 3. Sentences in bullet points.

• 4. Each is 3 POINTS

Characteristics of SAQ’s

• Each question is worth 3 points (1 point per part)

• Sometimes there will be some internal choices

• Each requires student to include and analyze RELEVANT FACTUAL info, but student can choose what FACTUAL info to use!

• A. Briefly explain ONE important similarity between the wars of religion in France and the English Civil War.

• B. Briefly explain ONE important difference between the wars of religion in France and the English Civil War.

• C. Briefly analyze ONE factor that accounts for the difference you identified in Part B.

Characteristics of SAQ’s

• You MUST put your entire response (Pts. A,B,C) in the One page Answer space block provided

• Responses MUST be in complete sentences, but thesis statements are not required.

• The parts of your response DON’T have to connect to each other. (they can if it’s easy to do so)

• “Briefly explain” is the most common task language used in sample short answer questions.• This means you need to add the why or how, not just a name drop. Don’t just drop “horses”,

“disease”, “pigs”, etc… briefly explain.

• FACTUAL EVIDENCE IS A MUST for EACH part

• You DO Have to provide some analysis {“because, because, because”!

how to answer

• Each SAQ consists of 3 parts

• You should label each part of your response by its letter A. then B. then C.

• You’re often asked to explain P.O.V. or Connect two Eras

• You’re often asked to connect cause and effect!

• A. In both the French Wars

of Religion and the English

Civil War, Calvinists (in

France the Huguenots and

in England the Puritans)

challenged the reigning

power.

how to answer

• Each SAQ consists of 3 parts

• You should label each part of your response by its letter A. then B. then C.

• You’re often asked to explain P.O.V. or Connect two Eras

• You’re often asked to connect cause and effect!

• B. In France the structure of government remain unchanged and, in fact, Henry IV, though once a Huguenot, became a Catholic king. In England, on the other hand, the king was killed and Cromwell ruled, giving Parliament the upper hand.

how to answer

• Each SAQ consists of 3 parts

• You should label each part of your response by its letter A. then B. then C.

• You’re often asked to explain P.O.V. or Connect two Eras

• You’re often asked to connect cause and effect!

Don’t be wishy-washy saying “so-and-so

probably believed this” because it makes

the reader question whether you really

understand what they’re talking about

• C. The Puritans won in England because they controlled Parliament; France had no institution to oppose the king. Also, the involvement of the Scots eventually led to Charles downfall, while France’s politics, though subject to some Spanish meddling, were largely internal.

Non-textual source

Use the image and your knowledge of history to answer parts A, B, and C. The figure on the throne is the pope; the others are princes and other leaders. This was printed in Germany in the decade following Luther’s 95 Theses.

A. Explain the point of view reflected in the image regarding the Reformation.

B. Explain how ONE element of the image expresses the point of view you identified in Part A.

C. Explain how this image connects to politics in Reformation Germany.

SOME FINAL THOUGHTS ON SAQ’S

• Students are generally directed to choose one item or provide one piece of evidence (ONE is generally in all caps). There is no benefit to choosing more than one.

• Based on the samples released by College Board, you need to know general details and major highlights of the topics presented as well as basic cause and effect. You do NOT need to know obscure facts.

• A bulleted list of ideas will seem unstructured and immature. DON’T DO THIS.

The Long Essay Question [LEQ]

Formerly the “FRQ”

Essay Basics

• The historical essay is a THESIS based ARGUMENT

• A THESIS is a POINT to prove/CASE to argue

• The 5 paragraph thesis structure is the basic model

• INTRO

• POINT 1

• POINT 2

• POINT 3

• CONCLUSION / SYNTHESIS

LEQ RUBRIC – 6 POINTS

• Thesis – 1 POINT

• Argumentation – 2 POINTS• DESCRIBES [1]

• EXPLAINS [1]

• Use of [specific] EVIDENCE – 2 points• USES EVIDENCE [1]

• USES IT TO BACK THESIS [1]

• Synthesis – 1 point{This is lowest priority – it won’t work if you haven’t done a

good job on the others. A 5 is GOOD! A 6 is AWESOME!}

The THESIS

• May appear in either FIRST or LAST paragraph – FRYE’S STANDARD – LAST SENTENCE in FIRST PARAGRAPH

• Must make historically defensible claim

• Must respond to all parts of the question• TIP: Repeat the verbiage in the PROMPT.

• TIP: The although Y/actually X model

• Your intro…• Set TIME and PLACE

• Declare the SIGNIFICANCE

• THESIS

OUTLINE / PLAN

• What is my point?

• Intro – where/when/ who cares?

• What are three sub topics?

• For each subtopic : what are three SUPPORTING facts?

• Conclusion:• Restate thesis

• SYNTHESIS: How can I connect my thesis to another part of history?

TYPES OF ESSAYS: The Comparison Essay

• Describes SIMILARITIES and DIFFERENCES between individuals/ events/ developments/ processes. [1 point]

• Explains REASONS for SIMILARITIES and DIFFERENCES [or]

• Evaluates the relative significance of individuals/ events/ developments/ processes [1 point]

• Compare and contrast the ideas of Martin Luther to those of John Calvin.

SAME

DIFFERENT

Impact of Luther was more/less than Calvin

Why Lutherans saw things differently than

Calvinists on issues like A,B, and C

TYPES OF ESSAYS: The Causation Essay

• ___Describes the causes { } OR effects { }

• ___Explains reasons for causes { } OR effects { }

• How did the ideas of Martin Luther affect political issues in 16th century Europe?

Does the prompt require

BOTH cause and effect?

• ___Describes the causes { } AND effects { }

• ___Explains reasons for causes { } AND effects { }

• How did German politics help cause Luther’s revolt and how did his ideas lead to political change in 16th century Germany?

yesno

TYPES OF ESSAYS: The Causation Essay

• How did the ideas of Martin Luther affect political issues in 16th century Europe?

• How did German politics help cause Luther’s revolt and how did his ideas lead to political change in 16th century Germany?

IDEAS

Luther talks about equality

Luther inspires others

(Calvin) to talk about elected

church leaders

Lutheran princes place state

over church, confiscating

church land.

Protestants oppose Catholic

kings, like HRE Charles V.

RESULTS

German Peasant Revolt

City states like Geneva and

the English Parliament

(English Civil War) are

inspired to resist kings.

Henry VIII and Scandinavian

kings assert power of church.

The German Religious wars

[1544-55], War of 3 Henrys in

France, Knox leads revolt

against Mary Queen of Scots.

Anger at German money to Rome

Princes resist Imperial and papal control

Luther revolts (Protected by Frederick who is

defying Charles V)

Charles fails to gain power over princes after

Peace of Augsburg; Protestant lands confiscate

church property and no longer pay tithe to Rome

but establish “national churches”

TYPES OF ESSAYS: The Continuity & Change Over Time Essay

• Properly describes continuity & change – 1 point

• Properly explains continuity & change – 1 point

• How did the Renaissance and Reformation contribute to secularization of European society?

• Humanism was more focused on humans. The Reformation made the church weaker. New Monarchs resisted church control. [1 point]

• Humanism was more focused on humans because... The Reformation made the church weaker because... New Monarchs resisted church control; they were able to do so because… …for example…Machiavelli…”Cardinal” Richelieu motivated by nationalism more than faith….Peace of Westphalia pope not invited [1 MORE point]

TYPES OF ESSAYS: PERIODIZATION: Turning Point

• Describes the ways the historical development in the prompt was BOTHDIFFERENT and SIMILAR to developments before and after.

• Explains the extent to which the historical development in the prompt was BOTHDIFFERENT and SIMILAR to developments before and after.

• In what ways was the Thirty Years War a turning point in European culture and political history?

Big deal? Not a big

deal? Changed X

but did not change

Y so much?

New - change

TYPES OF ESSAYS: PERIODIZATION: Characteristics of an Era

• Describes the ways the historical development in the prompt was EITHER DIFFERENT OR SIMILAR to developments in another era.

• Explains the extent to which the historical development in the prompt was EITHER DIFFERENT OR SIMILAR to developments in another era.

• In what ways did the Protestant Reformation reflect the cultural and intellectual trends of the Renaissance?

Exactly how

SIMILAR [or

different]

were they?

Ren: reason

Ren:

linguistics

Ren: vernacular

and nationalism

Reformation: Unless I am

shown by Scripture

and…reason (Luther),

Calvin systematic theology

Reformation: Translation of

Bible [Erasmus] calls into

question Latin Vulgate and

inspires Luther

Reformation: Translation

of Bible into common

tongues (Tyndale, Luther)

leads to national churches

USE OF EVIDENCE

• Each paragraph a specific topic in response to the question.

• 1 point for USE; 2nd point for “fully” connecting to back your thesis.

• Be specific in details and examples – at least 3 “nuggets” per paragraph

• In what ways did the Protestant Reformation reflect the cultural and intellectual trends of the Renaissance?

• The Renaissance valued the vernacular language. For example Dante’s Divine Comedy was in both Italian and Latin and Don Quixote by Cervantes was the first novel and appeared in Spanish. The growing middle class could read in their own tongue and were hungry for a vernacular Bible. In the spirit of Renaissance scholarship, Luther translated the Bible into German while, at the same time, William Tyndale was working on an English Bible. Both Renaissance works and Bibles were rapidly distributed after the printing press was invented by Gutenberg in the mid-1400s.

SYNTHESIS – your conclusion1. Restate thesis & 2. Do synthesis

• Can you connect the issue/argument to ONE of these?

• A. Different era or historical situation.

• B. A theme other than the prompt.

• C. A discipline other than the prompt.

• Must explain; mentioning is not enough.

• How did the Renaissance and Reformation contribute to secularization of European society?

• A. The collapse of the monopoly of Catholicism allowed dissidents who questioned the Bible and the existence of God to appear in the 17th and 18th

century Enlightenment, such as the atheistic Thomas Hobbes, the skeptical Voltaire, or the philosopher David Hume.

• B or C. The humanism of the Renaissance led to new ideas in the philosophy of human nature. The old idea of sin, was challenged by people like John Locke, who argued that humans a blank slate, and later by Rousseau, who argued that man was not stained by sin at all.

The {New} Document Based Question [DBQ]

Formerly the “FRQ”

Your Task…

• Write an argument based essay…

• …using 7 historical documents…*

• …and bringing in outside historical information…

• …and connecting it to the big picture of history [synthesis].

• * pictures, graphs, historians, etc…

7 POINTS

• 1 – A well developed thesis that responds to ALL parts of the Q

• 1 – Essay develops the argument

• 1 – Uses documents AND…

• 1 -…explains POINT of VIEW, PURPOSE, AUDIENCE and/or CONTEXT

• 1 -Places the whole question in context with outside info [intro para!]

• 1 -…and uses specific outside info during the essay to support the argument

• 1- Synthesis – applies the main idea to a different context. {Concl para}

Think of it this way

• 1 - question in context / outside info [intro para!]

• 1 Thesis

• 1 – Essay develops the argument

• 1 – Uses documents AND…

• 1 -…explains POINT of VIEW, etc

• 1 -…specific outside info to support argument

• 1- Synthesis –main idea in different context. {Concl para}

BODY PARAGRAPH

Use 2 docs minimum

Explain POV etc

Use outside details

Conclusion

* Reiterate thesis

* Synthesis

Place question in

context

Thesis!!!

BODY PARAGRAPH

Use 2 docs minimum

Explain POV etc

Use outside details

BODY PARAGRAPH

Use 2 docs minimum

Explain POV etc

Use outside details

POINT OF VIEW

• Connect the CONTENT to the WRITER/CREATOR’s natural point of view.

• “Naturally, as a peasant, the writer of the 12 Articles would oppose the cruel policies of the nobles and favor the revolt.”

• Discuss the Writer's PURPOSE as RELATED to the AUDIENCE.

• “Jefferson’s purpose in the Declaration of Independence is to persuade the world that the Americans are justified in their revolt.”

• Discuss the CONTEXT of the publication or creation of the DOCUMENT.

• “Rembrandt’s painting, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, reflects the rising popularity of science in an age of Scientific Revolution.