Standard 11.2.4

• Analyze the effect of urban political machines and responses by immigrants and middle-class reformers.

• Essential Question: Why did the Haymarket Square Riot and Pullman Riots happen? What happened as a result?

Labor Unions

• Collective bargaining– Unions allow workers to negotiate with their

bosses as a group• shorter work hours, safer working conditions, • unions collect dues to raise money for their causes

– the National Labor Union = 1st Large Labor Union

Partner A

• Give an example of a Collective Bargaining Union? Explain the advantages of disadvantages of having a Union.

Get A Job!!!– Skilled Worker

• workers that possess some expertise, training, or education that make them hard to replace

– masons, carpenters, blacksmiths, and bakers

– Unskilled Worker• workers that possess no specific training and are

easily replaced– miner, factory assembly

In this slide we see coal miners, most of whom are boys, in Pennsylvanian. (2.2G)

Strike Terminology…Don’t Write• work-to-rule

– workers perform their tasks exactly as they are required to but no better

• sickout– the strikers call in sick

• sit-down strike– workers may occupy the workplace, but refuse either to do their jobs

or to leave

• general strike– Strike that involve all workers, or a number of large and important

groups of workers, in a particular community or region

• sympathy strike– one group of workers refuses to cross a picket line established by

another as a means of supporting the striking workers.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire – 1911

Bomb Riots

• Haymarket Square Riot, 1886– Rally for union workers– Bomb Went Off

• Turned into a riot • killed 7 police and many civilians

– 8 anarchists were arrested for murder

– anti-immigrant, anti-labor prejudice hurt unions

Partner B

• What happened at the Haymarket Square Riot?

Knights Of Labor

• Knights of Labor, 1869– secretive union that allowed any worker (skilled or

unskilled) to join– except liquor dealers, gamblers, and lawyers– became very unpopular after the Haymarket Square riot

Partner A

• What was the downfall of the Knights of Labor?

Samuel GompeRs

• American Federation of Labor, 1886– Led by Samuel Gompers – Made up of skilled unions– AFL is the largest union

organization in the US today– Successful– it was anti-immigrant especially

anti-Chinese

strikers at a textile mill in Lawrence, Massachusetts, being held back by federal troops. (2.2H)

STRIKE!!!

• Pullman Strike, 1893– Pullman Palace Car Company cut pay by 28%

• worker’s rent was not lowered– 125,000+ workers went on strike in Chicago– shut down the nation’s railroads– 12,000 troops broke up the strike because they

interfered with the US Mail• Eugene V. Debs went to jail and became a socialist

Pullman Strike, 1893

Partner B

• What happened as a result of the Pullman Riots?